1、 Verb Tenses动词时态、主谓一致Jazz music is a constantly changing.It includes many different styles of music from many different eras.People first used the word jazz to refer to music in Chicago around 1915.However,jazz started far earlier than that.The roots of jazz began in the 1800s in early blues,a folk
2、music which arose in part from the work songs of rural Blacks.This music was highly improvisational,or unplanned,a feature which remains fundamental to jazz today.In fact,a skilled jazz performer will interpret a tune in very individual ways and will rarely play a song exactly the same way twice.Use
3、 the simple present to talk about a situation that exists now,has existed in the past,and will probably exist in the future.Jazz includes music from many eras.Many people enjoy jazz music.Use the simple past to talk about an action that began and ended in the past.A jazz band played at my sisters we
4、dding last week.The band played.My sisters weddingRight NowThe band is not playing now.Use the simple future to talk about something that will happen in the future.A skilled performer will not play a song exactly the same way twice.Rightnowin the future,different each timeTonightNextweekNextmonthPra
5、ctice 1 Complete each sentence with the correct form of the verb.1.The jazz show tomorrow night _(start)at 8 oclock.2.The main trumpet player is sick?Who _(play)for him in the concert tomorrow?3.My sister _(listen)to jazz all the time.4.The last time I _(go)to a concert the band _(play)for three hou
6、rs!will playplayed/was playinglistenswill startwentIn the 1800s,black musicians learned to play European musical instruments.Later in the early 1900s,as black musicians were beginning to play music at dances and clubs,ragtime developed.Ragtime was a popular musical style in Black communities like St
7、.Louis.It used additional rhythms that came from African music.Ragtime gradually blended with the unique music that marching bands played at funerals in New Orleans.Later,the 1930s and 1940s added the smooth sounds of the big swing bands.By the 1950s and 1960s,the whole country was enjoying the work
8、s of jazz greats such as John Coltrane,Thelonious Monk,and Miles Davis.Use the past progressive for activities that were in progress at a particular time in the past.Later in the early 1900s,as black musicians were beginning to play music at dances and clubs,ragtime developed.playing music at clubsr
9、agtimedevelopedNOWPractice 2Complete each sentence with the correct past tense form of the verb.1.Many different musical styles _(contribute)to the development of jazz.2.Early jazz musicians_(combine)folk music,work songs,and rag-time.3.During the middle of the 20th century,jazz _(influence)not only
10、 musical styles,but also cultural styles in many parts of the country.4.By the 1980s and 1990s,people all over the world _(listen)to jazz music.contributedcombinedwas influencing/influencedwere listening/listenedSubject-Verb AgreementEvery region and culture has its own traditions.A popular wedding
11、tradition in the United States involves the wedding guests cheering as the newlyweds get in their car and drive away.Decorating the married couples getaway car has been a popular tradition for many years.The couples friends and family typically write the words“Just married”on the back windshield of
12、the car.Floral arrangements on the car are also quite common.There is also an interesting custom that involves tying aluminum cans to the back of the car.The origin of tying cans to wedding cars is not known,but there are many different theories.According to one suggestion,the tradition comes from t
13、he 13th and 14th centuries in England.As the bride and groom went away in their carriage,wedding guests threw their shoes at them.Hitting the vehicle with a shoe was good luck.Later,people began tying shoes to the car instead of throwing them.No one wants to destroy a good pair of shoes,so instead o
14、f shoes,people began tying cans to the getaway car.For third person singular verbs in the present tense,use verb+-s/-es.Basic Subject-Verb AgreementTwo or more subjects connected by and require a plural verb.The tradition comes from the 13th and 14th centuries in England.The couples friends and fami
15、ly typically write“Just married”on the car.Expressions with every and each are followed by singular nouns.Even when there are two or more nouns connected by and,the verb is singular.Every region and culture has its own traditions.Sometimes a phrase or clause separates a subject from its verb.These i
16、nterrupting structures do not affect basic agreement.More Basic Subject-Verb AgreementA gerund used as the subject of the sentence requires a singular verb.A popular wedding tradition that is found in many different cultures involves the wedding guests cheering as the newlyweds leave.Floral arrangem
17、ents on the car are also quite common.Hitting the vehicle with a shoe was considered good luck.A lot of modern brides are choosing to drop some of these old-fashioned wedding traditions from their ceremonies.One of the traditions is throwing the brides bouquet.According to superstition,when the brid
18、e tosses her bouquet to a crowd of single women,the one who catches it will be the next to get married.There are several alternatives to this tradition.A number of brides are ignoring the tradition completely and keeping the bouquet.Some brides prefer to split the bouquet into smaller arrangements a
19、nd give them to important women,such as their mother,grandmother,and mother-in-law.The number of times that the bride splits the bouquet is her decision.With most expressions of quantity,the verb is determined by the noun that follows of.A lot of modern brides are choosing to drop old-fashioned trad
20、itions from their wedding ceremonies.Some of the flowers are pink.Some of the bouquet is pink.(flowers=plural)(bouquet=singular)(brides=plural)A number of is an expression of quantity.It is always followed by a plural noun+plural verb.The number refers to one specific number.It takes a singular verb
21、.A number of brides are ignoring the tradition.The number of times that the bouquet is split is up to the bride.(The number=a specific number)(A number of brides=A lot of brides)The subject follows be when there is used.There is a“Just Married”sign on the back of the car.There are several cans tied
22、to the car.a sign=singularseveral cans=pluralPRACTICE 1 Complete the sentences with the simple present form of the verb in parentheses.1.There _(be)many different ways to celebrate a wedding.2.A number of couples _(choose)to blend traditional wedding customs with modern ones.3.There _(be)often a mul
23、ti-layered cake at wedding celebrations.4.The number of guests _(vary)from wedding to wedding.5.At some weddings,each of the guests _(receive)a party favor,such as a box of chocolates or a candle.6.A popular wedding tradition in some Middle Eastern countries _(involve)the bride painting her hands wi
24、th henna.arechooseisvariesreceivesinvolves1.What are some important wedding traditions in your culture?2.How much does a wedding usually cost?3.Who is responsible for paying for the wedding expenses?PRACTICE 2 Ask Your Partner.4.Who is responsible for planning the wedding?5.What do all weddings have in common?6.How is each wedding unique?7.What is the typical number of guests at a wedding?8.Are there any new wedding traditions in your culture?
