1、高中英语必修一Unit 4课本知识【重点单词拓展】词形变换1.power n.电力供应;能量;力量;控制力powerful adj.强大的;强有力的(反) powerless adj.无力的;没有能力的;无权力的2.shock n.震惊;令人震惊的事;休克vt.(使)震惊shocked adj.震惊的shocking adj.令人震惊的3.affect vt.影响;(疾病)侵袭;深深打动affection n.感情4.effort n.努力;艰难的尝试;尽力effortless adj.不需费力的5.calm adj.镇静的;沉着的vt.使平静;使镇静calmly adv.镇静地;沉着地6.d
2、eliver vt.&vi.递送;传达vt.发表delivery n.递送;传达7.effect n.影响;结果;效果effective adj.有效的8.survive vi.生存;存活vt.幸存;艰难度过survivor n.幸存者;生还者survival n.幸存;生还9.flood n.洪水;大量vi.淹没;大量涌入vt.使灌满水;淹没flooded adj.洪水泛滥的10.breathe vi.&vt.呼吸breath n.呼吸11.revive vt.&vi.复活;(使)苏醒revival n.振兴;复苏12.suffer vt.遭受;蒙受vi.(因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等)受苦suff
3、ering n.痛苦;苦难sufferer n.受苦者13.wisdom n.智慧;才智wise adj.明智的;有智慧的wisely adv.明智地;有智慧地14.rescue n.&vt.营救;救援rescuer n.营救人员;救援人员15.death n.死;死亡die vi.死;死亡dead adj.死的;无生命的dying adj.垂死的;临终的16.erupt vi.&vt.(火山)爆发;(岩浆、烟等)喷出eruption n.爆发17.length n.长;长度long adj.长的lengthen vt.加长【词块和短语】P47natural disasters 自然灾害rai
4、se awareness 提高意识safety measures 安全措施disaster relief work 赈灾工作P48volcanic eruption 火山喷发refer to 指的是;提到;查阅the flood-hit / flood-stricken area洪水泛滥地区P50rise and fall 起起伏伏as usual像平常一样;照例as if/ though 似乎;好像;仿佛come to an end / a stop 结束;告终;完结cause / do damage 造成损害cut across 横切in ruins 严重受损，破败不堪nothing bu
5、t 只有;仅仅tens of thousands of 数万hundreds of thousands of 数十万millions of 数百万;大量instead of / rather than 而不是，代替in shock 震惊;吃惊fall down 倒塌;跌倒;不尽如人意lose hope 失去希望soon after 不久之后dig out 挖出;找出;发现provide medical care 提供医疗救助get back up on ones feet 重新站起来the tireless efforts 不懈的努力a home to 的家园/栖息地a great impro
6、vement in /on在.方面(得到)巨大的改善prove to sb 向某人证明in times of 在的时刻/关头stay positive 保持乐观P51a warning sign 警示suffer from 遭受;患 病go through 经历;仔细检查P52volunteer to do sth 自愿做某事a disaster area 灾区in the open air 露天;在户外a thank-you letter 感谢信take turns to do / doing sth 轮流做某事P53tap on a pipe 轻敲管道stay away from 远离;不
7、接近;不去make sure 确保;弄清楚emergency supplies 紧急物资first aid kit 急救箱on hand 现有(尤指帮助)P54release a news report 发布新闻报道crash into 撞上，猛撞sweep away 消灭;彻底消除reach a magnitude of 达到震级stand at sth 处于特定水平(或数量、高度等)P55base sth on / upon sth以.为根据以.为基础P56turn.(from sth) into 使(从)变成carry out 执行;实行out of gratitude 出于感激a sy
8、mbol of 的象征give up 放弃;认输;让步P57give a presentation on 作一个关于.的报告put together 组建;拼凑;组装gather / collect information 收集信息catch / attract / draw the attention of 引起/吸引/得到.的注意reduce.to 将.减少到.P58out of nowhere 突然发生;突然出现cause destruction 造成毁坏a series of 一连串的;一系列的in all directions 朝四面八方【教材金句】1.Live to Tell: R
9、aising Awareness, Reducing Mortality.United Nations International Strategy for Disaster Reduction (2016) (P47)用生命呼吁:增强减灾意识，减少人员伤亡。联合国国际减灾战略 (2016)2.It seemed as if the world were coming to an end! (P50)仿佛世界末日即将来临!3.Everywhere survivors looked, there was nothing but ruins.(P50)幸存者目及之处无一不是废墟。4.Slowly,
10、 the city began to breathe again.(P50)慢慢地，这座城市又开始恢复了生机。5.With strong support from the government and the tireless efforts of the citys people, a new Tangshan was built upon the earthquake ruins.(P50)有了来自政府的大力支持以及唐山人民的不懈努力，一座新的唐山在废墟中被建立起来。6.In times of disaster, people must unify and show the wisdom
11、to stay positive and rebuild for a brighter future.(P50改)在灾害中，人类必须勤力同心，保持积极乐观的心态和重建家园的决心。7.Dangerous conditions and damaged roads will make it difficult to deliver food and supplies.(P54改)由于条件险恶和道路受损，食物运送和物资补给将非常困难。8.Out of gratitude, many young adults who were students during the earthquake have ch
12、osen to study medicine or join the army in a wish to help more people.(P56)出于感激，许多在地震期间还是学生的年 轻人选择学医或参军，希望能帮助更多的人。9.Wenchuan, the county that / which was completely destroyed and then completely rebuilt, has become a symbol of the Chinese spirit of never giving up.(P56)汶川，这个被彻底摧毁然后又全面重建的县，已经成为中国永不言弃
13、精神的象征。10Soon after the quakes，the army sent 150,000 soldiers to Tangshan to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead.地震刚刚过去，部队派出了15万名战士奔赴唐山，将受困群众从废墟中挖出，并掩埋死者。11The most powerful earthquake in the past 40 years caused a tsunami that crashed into coastlines across Asia yesterday，killing mor
14、e than 6,500 people in Indonesia，India，Thailand，Malaysia，and at least four other countries.过去40年来最强的一次地震引起的海啸昨天登陆了亚洲海岸，造成印度尼西亚、印度、泰国、马来西亚以及其他至少四个国家的6,500多人死亡。12I was having breakfast with my three children when water started filling my home.我正和我的三个孩子一起吃早饭，突然海水开始灌到我家。【写作素材】感谢信必备词汇1.thank sb.for sth./
15、doing sth. 因某事而感激某人2.be grateful to sb.for sth.因某事而感激某人3.show/express/extend/convey my sincere thanks/gratitude to sb.for sth.向某人表达我诚挚的谢意4.in trouble 陷入困境5.make greatgood progress 取得很大的进步6.in/during/over the past/last four years 过去四年7.be admitted to/into a university 被一所大学录取8.say thanks to you for h
16、elping me 谢谢你帮助我9.How time flies! 时间过得真快！10As time goes on/goes by/with time going on/going by 随着时间的推移11.thanks to/owing to/because of your help 多亏了你的帮助12.enjoy myself 玩得高兴13.pay a visit to.去参观，拜访14.have a better understanding of 对有更好的理解15.a place of interest 名胜高分句式首段：表达真挚谢意1.Thank you so much for y
17、our generous help.非常感谢您慷慨的帮助。2.1 am sincerely grateful to you for your timely help.我真诚地感谢你及时的帮助。3.1t was so kind of you to treat me as your own sister.谢谢你把我当作自己的妹妹。4.1 am so grateful to you for what you have done for me.我很感谢你为我所做的一切。5.1 would like to convey my thanks to you for your kind help.我想感谢你的
18、帮助。6.Im writing to thank you for the few wonderful days in London.我写信感谢你帮我在伦敦度过的快乐日子。7.1 am writing to express/show/convey my sincere thanks to you for your help.我写信真诚地感谢你的帮助。8.For this reason, I am writing this letter to express my sincere thanks to you.为此，我写这封信是为了表达我对你真诚的感谢。中间段：解释感谢的原因或对方的帮助给自己带来的
19、好处1.Thanks to your help, I have made rapid progress in my English.多亏了你的帮助，我的英语有了飞速的进步。2.Without/But for your help(lf it were not for your help) ,I would not have made so much progress in my English.要是没有你的帮助，我的英语不会取得如此大的进步。3.1 extend you again a thousand thanks for the great favor.我太感谢你的帮助了。结尾段：再次感谢1
20、.Thanks again for helping me.再次感谢你对我的帮助。2.Thank you again for your generous help.再次感谢你的慷慨帮助。3.1 would appreciate it if you could accept my sincere thanks.如果你能接受我诚挚的感谢，我将不胜感激。4.Your kindness and help will always be remembered.我将永远铭记你的善意和帮助。5.1 deeply/greatly appreciate your hospitality（款待）我深深感谢你们的盛情款
21、待。【课本单词】1disaster/dz:st(r)/n.灾难；灾害2tornado/t:ned/n.(pl.-oes or -os)龙卷风；旋风3drought/ drat /n.旱灾；久旱4landslide/ lndslad /n.( landfall) (山地或悬崖的)崩塌；滑坡5slide/ slad /vi. & vt.(使)滑行；滑动6tsunami/ tsu:n:mi /n.海啸7flood/fld /n.洪水；大量 vi.淹没；大量涌入 vt.使灌满水；淹没8volcanic eruption/ vlknkrpn /火山喷发9magnitude/mgntju:d/n.(地)震
22、级；重大10rescue/reskju:/n.& vt.营救；救援11damage/dmd/vt.损害；破坏n.损坏；损失12destroy/dstr/vt.摧毁；毁灭13evacuate/vkjuet /vt.疏散；撤出vi.撤离14helicopter/helkpt(r)/n.直升机15death/ de/n.死；死亡16affect/fekt/vt.影响；(疾病)侵袭；深深打动17shelter/elt(r)/n.避难处；居所；庇护 vt.保护；掩蔽 vi.躲避(风、雨或危险)18crack/krk/n.裂纹；裂缝vi. & vt. (使)破裂19as if似乎；好像；仿佛20ruin/
23、ru:n/n.&vt.破坏；毁坏21in ruins严重受损；破败不堪22percent/ psent /n.百分之adj.&adv.每一百种23brick/brk/n.砖；砖块24metal/metl/n.金属25shock/k/n.震惊；令人震惊的事；休克vt.(使)震惊26in shock震惊；吃惊27electricity/lektrsti/n.电；电能28trap/trp/vt.使落入险境；使陷入圈套 n.险境；陷阱29bury/beri/vt.埋葬；安葬30breathe/ bri:/vi.& vt.呼吸31revive/rvav/vt.& vi.复活；(使)苏醒32revival
24、/rvavl/n.振兴；复苏33effort/eft/n.努力；艰难的尝试；尽力34unify/ju:nfa/vi.& vt.统一；(使)成一体35wisdom/wzdm/n.智慧；才智36context/kntekst/n.上下文；语境；背景37suffer/sf/vt.遭受；蒙受vi.(因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等)受苦38volcano/vlken/n.(pl.-oes or -os)火山39erupt/rpt/vi.& vt.(火山)爆发；(岩浆、烟等)喷出40supply/spla/n.供应(量)；补给；pl.补给品vt.供应；供给41typhoon/tafu:n/n.台风42in the
25、open air露天；在户外43hurricane/hrkn/n .(尤指大西洋的)飓风44survive/svav/vi.生存；存活vt.幸存；艰难度过45power/pa(r)/n.电力供应；力量；控制力46tap/tp/vi.& vt.轻叩；轻敲；轻拍n.水龙头；轻叩；轻敲47pipe/pap/n.管子；管道48whistle/wsl/vi.吹口哨；发出笛声 vt.吹口哨 n.哨子(声)；呼啸声49emergency/im:dnsi/n.突发事件；紧急情况50calm/k:m/adj.镇静的；沉着的vt.使平静；使镇静51aid/ed/n.援助；帮助；救援物资vi.& vt.(forma
26、l)帮助；援助52kit/kt/n.成套工具；成套设备53first aid kit急救箱54on hand现有(尤指帮助)55crash/kr/vt.& vi.碰撞；撞击n.撞车；碰撞56sweep/swi:p/vt. & vi.( swept, swept)打扫；清扫57sweep away消灭；彻底消除58wave/wev/n.海浪；波浪vi.& vt.挥手；招手59strike/strak/vi.& vt.(struck, struck/stricken)侵袭；突击；击打 n.罢工；罢课；袭击60deliver/dlv(r)/vt. & vi.递送；传达vt.发表61summary/smri/n.总结；概括；概要62effect/fekt/n.影响；结果；效果63length/le/n.长；长度6
