1、D i s c o v e r i n g s t r u c t u r e s新人教必修三Unit 2 Morals and VirtuesDiscovering Useful StructuresLearning objectives:1.To learn the usage of V-ing form used as adverbial or object complement in a sentence.2.To apply what we learn in this period to exercises,especially in writing,and grammar fill
2、ing.一个好人一生最好的部分，是他细小的、无名的、不被人记得的出于善良和爱的行为。good traditional morals and virtues1.They found a lost child in the corner and helped her find her mother.2.When I passed the window I saw him with his classmates math.3.well taken care of,the old man recovered quickly.4.his mobility problems,she decided to
3、help him cross the street.cryinghelpingBeing ConsideringPresentationWhat is the function of each ing form in the sentences?The ing form used as adverbialThe ing form used as object complement1.动词分为动词分为谓语动词谓语动词和和非谓语动词非谓语动词，当一个简单句或从句中已经出，当一个简单句或从句中已经出现了一个谓语动词或系动词，那么现了一个谓语动词或系动词，那么第二个动词要变成非谓语形式第二个动词要变成
4、非谓语形式（V-ed/V-ing/to do）2.动词的非谓语可做动词的非谓语可做除谓语之外除谓语之外的任何成分，如定语，宾语，表语，的任何成分，如定语，宾语，表语，宾补，状语，主语等。宾补，状语，主语等。3.非谓语中分词形式的选择要先找其非谓语中分词形式的选择要先找其逻辑主语逻辑主语，在判断其，在判断其逻辑主语逻辑主语与与非谓语间非谓语间的关系，现在分词的关系，现在分词主动或进行主动或进行，过去分词，过去分词被动或完成。被动或完成。非谓语动词之分词非谓语动词之分词Read and discuss the functions and meanings of the-ing form.1.her
5、 brother complained,thinking of the high tuition fees.2 Thinking of all the people still in need of help,Dr Lin opened aprivate clinic.3 The new Peoples Republic of China saw Dr Lin Qiaozhi playing a key role.adverbialadverbialobject complementConclusion 现在分词现在分词(v-ing)(v-ing)作状语，其动作发出者是主句的作状语，其动作发出
6、者是主句的_,_,呈呈_(_(主主/被被)动关系。一般置于动关系。一般置于_或或_。现在分词现在分词(v-ing)(v-ing)作宾语补足语，常放在宾语后面作宾语补足语，常放在宾语后面,对宾语进行对宾语进行补充说明表示一个补充说明表示一个_的动作的动作,强调一个过强调一个过程或一种状态。程或一种状态。句首句首句尾句尾主语主语主主her brotherDr Lin正在进行的主动性正在进行的主动性Dr Lin Qiaozhiu Her brother complained,thinking of the high tuition fees.u After working for a few yea
7、rs,she was sent to study in Europe.u Thinking of all the people still in need of help,Dr Lin opened a private clinic.u At times she was even seen riding a donkey to faraway villages to provide medical care.u The new Peoples Republic of China saw Dr Lin Qiaozhi playing a key role.Find more ing form u
8、sed as object complement and adverbial in the reading and thinking passage.Presentationadverbialadverbialadverbialobject complementobject complementPresentationCompare and findlWalking in the park,she saw an old friend.lBeing talked to,you should look at the eyes of the person.lHaving dressed myself
9、,I went to the office.lHaving been caught in the rain,he was wet all over.主动形式主动形式被动形式被动形式一般式 完成式doingbeing donehaving donehaving been done1.Using your head,youll find a good way.2.Being poor,he couldnt afford a TV set.3.Hearing the news,they all jumped with joy.4.Admitting what she has said,I still
10、 think that she hasnt tried her best.5.He came running back to tell me the news.6.Four people entered the room looking around in a curious way.7.He had a high fever when he was three,making him completely blind.条件条件结果结果伴随伴随方式方式让步让步时间时间原因原因-ing作条件，时间，原因，让步等状语时，一般放在句首。作条件，时间，原因，让步等状语时，一般放在句首。作结果，伴随，方式
11、等状语时，一般放在句末作结果，伴随，方式等状语时，一般放在句末。现在分词作状语（修饰动词）时现在分词作状语（修饰动词）时,可表可表时间、原因、条件、方式、伴时间、原因、条件、方式、伴随、让步随、让步等情况等情况,其逻辑主语必须是其逻辑主语必须是句子的主语，构成主动关系，句子的主语，构成主动关系，其其作用相当于状语从句或并列句。作用相当于状语从句或并列句。Thepresent participle as the adverbial1.作时间状语作时间状语(when,while,until)eg.Seeing the police,he made a run for the exit.一一看到警察
12、，他就朝出口奔去。看到警察，他就朝出口奔去。（分析：（分析：see的动作是由其逻辑主语的动作是由其逻辑主语“he”发出发出，与句子的主语，与句子的主语he一致，且构成一致，且构成主主动关系动关系，所以用，所以用动词动词-ing形式。）形式。）_,he made a run for the exit.When he saw the police2.2.作原因状语作原因状语（since,because或或as）Being ill,he didnt go to school yesterday.The present participle as the adverbialBecause_,he di
13、dnt go to school yesterday.he was ill3.3.作条件状语作条件状语(if,once或或unless)Working hard at your lessons,you will succeed.If _,you will succeed.you work hard at your lessons（4）让步状语）让步状语 作让步状语，相当于让步状语从句，有时现在分词（短语）前可带有连词although,even if,even though 等。例：例：Knowing all this,they made me pay for the damage.=Altho
14、ugh they knew all this,they made me pay for the damage.（5）结果状语）结果状语 现在分词作结果状语时表示必然的结果，通常放在句末。有时为了突出结果，现在分词前可加thus，相当于so 或so that 引导的结果状语从句，有时相当于一个并列句。注意注意：不定式作结果状语时，常与only,never 连用，表示一种出乎意料的结果。例：She was so angry that she threw the toy on the ground,breaking it into pieces.=She was so angry that she
15、threw the toy on the ground,and broke it into pieces.（6）方式或伴随状语）方式或伴随状语 动词-ing 作方式或伴随状语时，谓语动词表示动作发生的方式、背景或情况。此时分词的动作和谓语动词的动作同时发生。现在分词或分词短语作伴随状语时可以转换成并列成分。例：They stood there for half an hour watching the stars in the sky.=They stood there for half an hour and watched the stars in the sky.（7）评论性状语）评论性
16、状语 有些现在分词（短语）没有逻辑主语而独立存在，往往位于句首用来修饰全句，表明说话者的态度、观点等。如：judging from/by 由判断 considering.考虑到supposing/providing/assuming.如果/假设 generally/strictly/honestly/roughly/frankly speaking 一般/严格/诚实/大致/坦率说来（8）现在分词构成的独立主格结构）现在分词构成的独立主格结构 有时现在分词可以有自己独立的逻辑主语，这种结构称为独立主格结构。独立主格结构通常用来表示伴随的动作或情况，有时还可以表示时间、原因、条件或解释整个句子。例
17、：His hair became grey with the years passing.随着时间的推移，他的头发变花白了1 that his wife had been injured in an accident,Mr Johnson hurried to the hospital.2During the operation,she sat in the waiting room for over an hour about him.3I saw her whispering something into his ear,obviously not to be heard.4 higher
18、 imports and exports costs the company is looking for ways to survive.5 from the North pole,the traveler wrote a book about his experience and had it published the following year.6.hurt by the rejection,she bit her lip and quietly walked away.Complete the sentences with the correct forms of the verb
19、s in the box.Practicefeel want face smile return worry hear HearingworryingwantingReturningFeelingFacingmannermannerresultresulttimetimeconditionconditionconcessionconcessionreasonreasonWhat is the relationship between the act or state described by the-ing form of the verb and the action indicated b
20、y the predicate?1.We saw a light burning in the window.2.I felt someone patting me on the back.3.Can you smell anything burning?4.Listen to the birds singing.归纳：归纳：表示感觉和心理状态的的动词，即：表示感觉和心理状态的的动词，即：_动词动词如：如：_感官感官see,hear,watch,feel,think,find,notice等等能用现在分词作宾补的几类词：能用现在分词作宾补的几类词：归纳：归纳：表示表示“使使”“”“令令”“”“
21、让让”等含有等含有“致使致使”意义的动词，即：意义的动词，即：_动词如：动词如：_使役使役make,get,have,help,leave 1.I wont have you doing that.2.This set me thinking.3.Im sorry to have kept you waiting.4.I cant get the clock going again.2.with 2.with 复合结构复合结构 在with 复合结构中，如果宾语发出动作，且表示动作持续或进行，则用现在分词作宾补。v-ing form对宾语起补充说明作用。注意注意：在with 复合结构中，动词不定
22、式作宾补虽然也表示宾语发出动作，但是表示动作将要发生。He was so tired and soon fell asleep with the light still burning.With winter coming on,its time to buy some warm clothes.易错点：易错点：I heard someone _(call)me.I heard my name _(call).callingcalled过去分词与宾语之间是过去分词与宾语之间是动宾关系动宾关系现在分词与宾语之间是现在分词与宾语之间是主谓关系主谓关系形式主动：被动：类型时间状语 原因状语 结果状语
23、 条件状语让步状语 方式状语 伴随状语 作状语作宾补动词-ing形式作状语和宾补doing/having donebeing done/having been doneSummaryCan you rewrite the underlined parts using the ing form.He became very interested in medicine and decided to become a doctor.He became very interested in medicine deciding to become a doctor.Bethune left for C
24、hina,after he heard that many people were dying in the war.Hearing that many people were dying in the war,Bethune left for China.Walking through the park,the flowers looked very beautiful.-ing形式作状语时形式作状语时,它的它的逻辑主语与句子的主语一致。逻辑主语与句子的主语一致。Walking through the park,we saw a lot of flowers.Attention！动词动词-i
25、ng形式作形式作状语和状语和宾补宾补作宾补作宾补作状语作状语主动主动:_:_被动：被动：_1.1.逻辑主语与主句主语逻辑主语与主句主语 ;2.2.否定形式否定形式:.形式形式类型类型注意注意doing/having done being done/having been done 时间状语时间状语 原因状语原因状语结果状语结果状语条件状语条件状语让步状语让步状语 方式状语方式状语 伴随状语伴随状语一致一致not/never+v-ing主动主动 _被动被动 _在在 后作宾补后作宾补在在 后作宾补后作宾补在在 后作宾补后作宾补doingbeing done感官动词感官动词使役动词使役动词with复
26、合结构复合结构形式形式用法用法P.68WORKBOOK1 Complete the conversations using the correct forms of the words in brackets.1 A:You look really _(tire).You should go home and have a rest.B:Yes,well,a five-hour operation is pretty _(tire).2 A:Did you hear that Susan and Bob got married?B:Really?Thats the most _(shock)n
27、ews I have heard today.3 A:Harry,you forgot to return my phone call last night!B:Oh,Im very sorry.I went to sleep _(listen)to music.4 A:How can you sit inside _(play)games all day?Isnt there anything more important you can do with your time?B:Come on,Mum.Its a holiday.5 A:The museum was _(interest),
28、wasnt it?B:It was great.I was quite _(interest)in those ancient pieces of jade.6 A:Are you sure this is the man you saw that night?B:Thats right.From my window,I saw him _(come)into the building.A:Did you hear a gunshot after that?B:No,but I heard people _(shout)downstairs.A:What did you see when yo
29、u came down?B:I saw an injured man _(lie)on the floor.tired tiring shocking listening playing interesting interested coming shouting l ing P.682 Rewrite the following sentences using the-ing form or the past participle as the adverbial.EXAMPLE Because I did not know anyone,I sat alone in my seat for
30、 two hours.Not knowing anyone,I sat alone in my seat for two hours.Although Joe was upset by the reporters words,he responded to his questionspolitely.Although upset by the reporters words,Joe responded to his questions politely.1 As she was frightened by the noise,Amy turned on all the lights in th
31、e house.2 While they were driving along the freeway,they noticed a kangaroo standing in the middle of the road.3 After we watched the movie for ten minutes,we felt so bored that we decided to leave.4 As I came out of my house,I saw the volcano erupting(爆发).by the noise,Amy turned on all the lights i
32、n the house.While along the freeway,they noticed a kangaroo standing in the middle of the road.After the movie for ten minutes,we felt so bored that we decided to leave.out of my house,I saw the volcano erupting.高考链接高考链接1.All customers _(travel)on TransLink services must be in _(possess)of a valid t
33、icket before boarding.2.In fact,anyone _(wish)to try race walking should probably first consult a coach or _(experience)racer _(learn)proper technique.3.One of his latest projects has been to make plants grow in experiments _(use)some common vegetables.4.Nervously _(face)challenges,I know I will whi
34、sper to myself the two simple words“Be yourself”.5._(work)for two days,Steve managed to finish his report on schedule.travellingpossessionwishingexperiencedto learn usingfacingHaving worked1.We passed by the classroom and saw the teacher_(make)the experiment.2.When I came in,I saw Dr.Li _(examine)a
35、patient.3.At the airport,a man dressed in a black suit was caught _(spit)on the clean floor.4.Sitting by her side,I could feel her heart_(beat).5.Dont leave her _(wait)outside in the rain.6.The film star walked towards his car,with a crowd of journalists _(follow)close behind.7.With the boy _(lead)t
36、he way,the soldiers managed to walk through the forest.8.The couple often take a walk after supper in the park with their pet dog_(follow)them.making examining spitting waitingfollowingExercises beatingleadingfollowingP.692 Rewrite the following sentences using the-ing form or the past participle as
37、 the adverbial.EXAMPLE Because I did not know anyone,I sat alone in my seat for two hours.Not knowing anyone,I sat alone in my seat for two hours.Although Joe was upset by the reporters words,he responded to his questionspolitely.Although upset by the reporters words,Joe responded to his questions p
38、olitely.5 After she turned fifteen,she became interested in travelling.6 Because she didnt want to be late,Sally ran to the subway station.7 Tim was feeling tired,so he went to bed as soon as he got home.8 After he gathered all his courage,he ran back into the burning house to rescue the child.After
39、 fifteen,she became interested in travelling.Not to be late,Sally ran to the subway station.tired,Tim went to bed as soon as he got home.(After)all his courage,he ran back into the burning house to rescue the child.1.Finish the exercises in Learning English.2.Preview Listening and Talking on page 7.
