1、UNIT 1 CULTURAL HERITAGE定语从句定语从句人教2019版必修二定语定语从句从句定语：相当于定语：相当于 ，修饰名词或代词，修饰名词或代词形容词形容词构成：名词或代词构成：名词或代词+从句从句关系词关系词分类：限制性：分类：限制性：；非限制性：非限制性：；说明正在谈论的人、物或事说明正在谈论的人、物或事给出额外的补充信息给出额外的补充信息关系词：关系代词：关系词：关系代词：指人，作主语或宾语；：指人，作主语或宾语；：指人，作宾语；：指人，作宾语；：指事、物，作主语或宾语；：指事、物，作主语或宾语；：指人或事、物，作主语或宾语；：指人或事、物，作主语或宾语；：与所修饰的名词为
2、所属关系，作定语；：与所修饰的名词为所属关系，作定语；：作地点状语；：作地点状语；：作时间状语；：作时间状语；：作原因状语；：作原因状语；whowhomwhichthatwhosewherewhenwhy关系副词关系副词：What do you know about them?Step 1.Lead in1.Many people like Li Ziqi who/that introduces Chinese cultural heritage to the world.2.They took part in the competition where they tried to finis
3、h the noodles within 30 minutes.Look at the sentences below and underline the relative pronouns and adverbs.After listening to the scientists who had studied the problem,and citizens who lived near the dam,the government turned to the United Nations for help.(Para.2)Temples and other cultural sites
4、were taken down piece by piece,and then moved and put back together again in a place where they were safe from the water.(Para.4)ObservationThink about these questionsHarry Porter is a boy who has magic power.先行词 关系词定语从句关系代词关系副词which,who,whom,whose,thatwhere,when，why，介词+which/whom关系代词（关系代词（who,whom,
5、which,that,whose）的指代关系）的指代关系指人指人指物指物在定语从句中的成分在定语从句中的成分who主语主语宾语宾语(可省略可省略)whom宾语宾语(可省略可省略)which主语主语宾语宾语(可省略可省略)that主语主语宾语宾语(可省略可省略)whose定语定语关系关系代词代词that指物和人指物和人在从句中作在从句中作主语或宾语主语或宾语which指物指物在从句中作在从句中作主语或宾语主语或宾语who指人指人在从句中作在从句中作主语或宾语主语或宾语whom在从句中作在从句中作宾语宾语whose指人和物指人和物在从句中作在从句中作定语定语as指物指物在从句中作在从句中作主语主语
6、引导定语从句的关系词引导定语从句的关系词关系关系副词副词when指时间指时间在从句中作时间状语在从句中作时间状语where指地点指地点在从句中作地点状语在从句中作地点状语why指原因指原因在从句中作原因状语在从句中作原因状语用法用法1.先行词为先行词为all，everything，nothing，something，anything，little，much等不定代词等不定代词2.先行词被先行词被序数词序数词或或最高级最高级修饰修饰3.先行词先行词既有人又有物既有人又有物4.先行词被先行词被all，every，no，some，any，little，much，the only，the very，t
7、he last，just，right等修饰等修饰5.先行词是先行词是who或或which引导的主句中引导的主句中先行词是先行词是one，ones，anybody，anyone，all，none，those等等一般一般用用that而而不用不用which一般一般用用who不用不用thatRevision 限制性定语从句限制性定语从句(1)(1)定语从句是在句中修饰、限制或补充说明一个名词(或代词)的从句。被定语从句修饰的名词(或代词)叫。(2)引导定语从句的词叫关系词。关系词分为关系词(that、which、who、whom、whose等)和关系词(when、where、why等)。2.定语从句的
8、种类情景导学情景导学Hissonwho/thatisadoctorismybestfriend.(限制性定语从句)他当医生的那个儿子是我最好的朋友。Hisson,whoisadoctor,ismybestfriend.(非限制性定语从句)他的儿子是一个医生,他是我最好的朋友。先行词先行词代代副副Rewrite the sentences using relative clauses.Review of Attributive Clause:Practice(P6-2)即学即练1.He showed me a photo in his room.It was a photo of a famou
9、s cultural relic in Egypt.The photo _ _2.The project team helped protect the national parks in the United Republic of Tanzania.It was formed by members from fifteen countries.The project team _ _.(which/that)he showed me in his room was of a famous cultural relic in Egypt.that was formed by members
10、from fifteen countries helpedprotect the national parks in the United Republic of Tanzania.Review of Attributive Clause:Practice(P6-2)即学即练3.This temple was first built during the Qin Dynasty.The time _ .4.We met a professional archaeologist at the entrance to the Great Pyramid.He explained to us the
11、 process of building such a difficult structure.The professional archaeologist when this temple was first built was during the(who/whom)we met atthe entrance to the Great Pyramid explained to us the process of building such a difficult structure.Qin Dynasty 1when引导定语从句when表示时间,代替先行词并在定语从句中做时间状语，其先行词
12、往往是表示时间的名词，如time,day,year,month,week等。2where引导定语从句where表示地点,代替先行词并在定语从句中做地点状语，其先行词往往是具体地点place,room,mountain,airport或抽象地点的名词如case,state,condition,point,situation等。3why引导定语从句的用法why表示原因,代替先行词并在定语从句中做原因状语，其先行词是表示理由的名词reason。一、关系副词引导定语从句限制性定语从句限制性定语从句(2)一、关系副词情景导学情景导学Istillrememberthe daywhenIwasawarded
13、theprize.我还记得我获奖的那天。The farmwheretheyworkisnotfarfromhere.他们工作的那个农场离这里不远。Wehavereached a pointwherenothingcanbedone.我们已经到了无能为力的地步了。Hedidnttellmethe reasonwhyhewassoupset.他没有告诉我他如此心烦意乱的原因。用法归纳用法归纳1.定语从句的关系副词有三大作用:(1)引导作用:引导定语从句。关系副词when,where,why引导定语从句时，关系副词也可用“介词+关系代词“代替。(1)when可以换成“介词which”。(2)wher
14、e可以换成“介词which”。(3)why可以用for which来代替。1.It was a time when people were divided geographically.2.Emperor Qinshihuang united the seven major states into one unified country where the Chinese writing system began to develop in one direction.3.There are many reasons why people learn a foreign language.4.
15、These were animal bones and shells on which symbols were carved by ancient Chinese people.It was a time at which people were divided geographically.Emperor Qinshihuang united the seven major states into one unified country in which the Chinese There are many reasons for which people learn a foreign
16、language.These were animal bones and shells where symbols were carved by ancient Chinese people.3.where引导定语从句的特殊用法引导定语从句的特殊用法where引导定语从句时,先行词可以表示抽象的地点抽象的地点,如reachapointwhere.(到达的地步)、inacasewhere.(在的情况下)、inanactivitywhere.(在的活动中)、inasituationwhere.(在的情况下)、inthejobwhere.(在的工作中)。二、二、“介词介词+which/whom”引导
17、定语从句引导定语从句情景导学情景导学1Illneverforgetthe days on which(=when)westudiedtogether.我永远忘不了我们一起学习的日子。Thisisthe townin which(=where)Shakespearewasborn.这就是莎士比亚出生的城镇。Theresnoreasonfor which(=why)weshouldntbefriends.我们没有理由不成为朋友。Inthestreet,therewasntasinglepersonto whomshecouldturn.在大街上,没有一个她可以求助的人。用法归纳用法归纳1定语从句中
18、的介词有时可置于关系代词之前,形成“介词+关系代词”结构。“介词+which”有时可以替代、why;“介词+whom”在定语从句中没有与之对应的关系副词可替代。情景导学情景导学2Thisisasubjectaboutwhichwemightargueforalongwhile.这是一个我们可能会长时间争论的话题。用法归纳用法归纳2“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句中介词的选择:根据介词与或形容词的固定搭配确定用什么介词。如上句中把先行词代入定语从句后为wemightargueaboutthesubjectforalongwhile,故介词选择about。whenwhere动词动词e.g.We k
19、new the scientist who had studied the problem.（若把从句去掉，则不明白是哪位科学家。）定语定语从句从句限制性限制性e.g.We knew the physical scientist Hawkins,who had studied the problem.（若把从句去掉，仍然知道是哪位科学家。）在意义上是先行词不可缺少的定语，如果省略，所修在意义上是先行词不可缺少的定语，如果省略，所修饰的先行词往往不明确，前面一般没有逗号隔开。饰的先行词往往不明确，前面一般没有逗号隔开。往往是对先行词的往往是对先行词的附加说明附加说明，为先行词，为先行词提供补充信
20、提供补充信息息，即使去掉，也不会影响先行词的明确性，即使去掉，也不会影响先行词的明确性，与主与主句之间常用逗号隔开句之间常用逗号隔开。非限制性非限制性一先：根据先行词的搭配习惯来确定。二动：根据从句中谓语动词的搭配习惯来确定。三意义：根据从句所表达的意义来确定。介词选择的三原则：一先二动三意义。关系代词关系代词or 关系副词？关系副词？步骤一步骤一一找一找找出找出定语从句和先行词定语从句和先行词步骤二步骤二二析二析分析分析关系词关系词在从句中在从句中作何作何成分成分，指代，指代人还是物人还是物？步骤三步骤三三选三选作主宾表定语作主宾表定语-关系代词关系代词作状语作状语-关系副词关系副词小结：小
21、结：定语从句一般位于定语从句一般位于_之后，定语从句的之后，定语从句的引导词引导词/关系词关系词分为关系代词和关系副词。分为关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有：关系代词有：_;关系副词有：关系副词有：_。定语从句的分类：根据定语从句和先行词的关系紧定语从句的分类：根据定语从句和先行词的关系紧密程度不同，可将定语从句分为密程度不同，可将定语从句分为_和和 _。先行词先行词who whom whose that which aswhen where why限制性定语从句限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句小结：限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别小结：限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别
22、区别区别限制性定语从句限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句形式不同形式不同功能不同功能不同关系词不同关系词不同先行词不同先行词不同没逗号没逗号有逗号有逗号限制说明先行词，限制说明先行词，与主句关系密切与主句关系密切补充说明先行词，与补充说明先行词，与主句关系不很密切主句关系不很密切可用可用that不可用不可用that名词、代词名词、代词名词、代词、句子名词、代词、句子根据定语从句所表达的意义来确定根据定语从句所表达的意义来确定Air,_ which man cant live,is really important.The film _ I fell asleep was very
23、boring.The pen _which he is writing now was bought yesterday.during whichwithoutwith选用正确的关系选用正确的关系词词完完成句子。成句子。1.China first had to put a satellite in orbit above the moon in a spot _ it could send signals to the spacecraft and to Earth.2.In ancient China lived an artist 61._ paintings were almost li
24、felike.wherewhose 7.One afternoon where I was in primary school,I was walking by the school playground.8.Now Irene Astbury works from 9am to 5pm daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield,_ she opened with her late husband Les.whenwhere6.Their child is at the stage _ she can say individual words but not
25、full sentences.A.why B.where C.which D.what即时巩固即时巩固单句语法填空1.(2022全国新高考)Producing food no one eats wastes the water,fuel,and other resources used to grow it.2.(2022全国新高考)Some of our memories are funny,especially from the early years our children were little.3.(2022全国新高考)In a world nearly 800 million p
26、eople a year go hungry,“food waste goes against the moral grain,”as Elizabeth Royte writes in this months cover story.4.(2021全国甲)The Xian City Wall is the most complete city wall has survived Chinas long history.that/which whenwherethat5.(2021全国新高考)This was the sort of work made you appreciate the d
27、ollars you earned and respect those did the work,he told me.6.(2021全国乙)We had a woman patient was recovering from a knee replacement operation.7.(2019天津)No sooner did she leave my doorstep than I had emails from two women _kids go to my sons nursery and recognized my face.8.(2019全国)He likes that he
28、can sit and check his phone in peace or chat up the barkeeper with hes on a first-name basis if he wants to have a little interaction(交流).9.(2019浙江)There are several reasons school uniforms are a good idea.10.I will remember the day forever which I won the first place in the contest.11.The computer which I paid 4,000 yuan is made in that company.that/whichwhowho/thatwhosewho whomwhyonforThank you
