1、Discovering useful structuresCULTURAL HERITAGEUnit 1Unit 1using the methods of observation-discovery-induction-practice-application Learning objectivesBobby is a boy who is very fat.先行词先行词关系词关系词定语从句定语从句先行词先行词:被修饰的名词或代词被修饰的名词或代词关系词：关系词：1.连接从句；连接从句；2.替代先行词；替代先行词；当当Review一.定语的概念：修饰修饰n n/pron,常译为“.“.的的”
2、,用于限定缩小缩小n n的范围的范围定语一般为：adj/介短/ving,ved,to do/ving,ved,to do/定语从句定语从句a young teacher wearing glasses/dressed in coat/to be my friend/in his thirties/who is kind定语从句定语从句必须思考的三个问题：必须思考的三个问题：1.1.如何找准并划出从句如何找准并划出从句2.2.如何判断从句名字如何判断从句名字3.3.何为定语从句何为定语从句关系代词：关系代词：that/which/who/whom/whose/as关系副词：关系副词：when/w
3、here/why主语主语宾语宾语定语定语状语状语人人物物thatwhoasthatwhichasthatwho/whomaswhosewhosewhenwherewhythatwhichasActivity:practice1.Do you remember the day _ we spent on the farm?2.Do you remember the day _we lived in Beijing?3.Beijing is a beautiful city _ I want to live.4.Beijing is a beautiful city _ I want to vis
4、it.5.Is this the reason _ he explained at the meeting for his careless in his work.6.Do you know the reason _ he did not go to school?that/whichwherewhenthatwhy that/which确定定语从句把先行词放到从句中，看先行词在句子中做什么成分看先行词1.Do you still remember the earthquake _ happened ten years ago?2.It is a good choice for touris
5、ts _ prefer visiting places of historical interest.3.This is the pilot with _ my brother has worked for ten years.4.Could you please pass me the book _ cover is green?5.Jackson likes the bike _ his uncle gave him as a birthday gift.that/whichthat/whowhomwhosethat/which基础训练基础训练6.Peter put himself in
6、a situation _ he had to leave the company.7.There was a time _ my daughter was crazy about pop music.8.The restaurant _ I have eaten a wonderful meal is going to close down.9.There are two main reasons _ this situation has been allowed to continue.wherewhenwherewhy指代内容指代内容功能（所做成分）功能（所做成分）是否可省略是否可省略t
7、hatwhichwhowhomwhose关系代词的用法关系代词的用法人；物人；物物物人人人人(人人/物物)的的主语主语,宾语宾语主语主语,宾语宾语主语主语,宾语宾语宾语宾语定语定语作宾语可省作宾语可省作宾语可省作宾语可省作宾语可省作宾语可省可省可省不可省不可省时间状语时间状语不可省不可省地点状语地点状语不可省不可省原因状语原因状语不可省不可省whywhere when是否可省略是否可省略功能（做什么成分The relative adverb (关系副词关系副词)关系副词的用法关系副词的用法二.定语从句：在主从复合句，从句修饰，限定，缩小主句中的某个限定，缩小主句中的某个n/prounn/pro
8、un,则该从句为定语从句He is a teacher.-He is a teacher(who is in blue).The man is my teacher-The man(who wears glasses)is my teacher.I like my teacher.-I like my teacher,who helps me a lot.Days were gone.-Days were gone when we played together.限制性定语从句限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句 分隔式定语从句分隔式定语从句无逗号，翻译为无逗号，翻译为“.“.的的
9、”，不可少不可少 有逗号，翻译为并列句，可缺少有逗号，翻译为并列句，可缺少定语从句与先行词之间有定语从句与先行词之间有;v/;v/介短介短/状语将之隔开状语将之隔开小试牛刀小试牛刀1.The boy and the dog are in the picture are very lovely.2.She is the only person know the truth.3.In spite of all has been said,quite a lot of people are still uncertain about the prices of housing in China.4.
10、It is the tallest building Daming has seen ever since he came here.thatthatthatthat5.Who is the student was late for school today?6.The first museum he visited in China was the History Museum.7.She said she would do anything could help her mother recover from the disease.that that that presentation1
11、.After listening to the scientist who had studied the problem,and citizens who lived near the dam,the government turn to the United Nations for help.指人指人指人指人主语主语主语先行词指代人，且在定语从句中作主语时，可使用关系代先行词指代人，且在定语从句中作主语时，可使用关系代词词 _ 或者或者_。whowhothatthatObservationLook at the sentences below and underline the relat
12、ive pronouns and adverbs.presentation2.Water from the dam would likely damage a number of temples and destroy cultural relics that were an important part of Egypts cultural heritage.指物指物主语先行词指代人，且在限制性定语从句中作主语时，可使用先行词指代人，且在限制性定语从句中作主语时，可使用关系代词关系代词 _ 或者或者_。whichwhichthatthat当关系代词在定语从句中作介词的宾语时当关系代词在定语从
13、句中作介词的宾语时,我们通常我们通常用用“介词介词+关系代词关系代词”引导定语从句引导定语从句。关系关系代词只能代词只能用用 .先行先行词指词指物物时时,用用 .先行先行词指词指人人时时,用用 .which which或或whomwhom“介词关系代词介词关系代词”引导的定语从句引导的定语从句当先行词是当先行词是表人表人的名词或代词时，可由的名词或代词时，可由“介词介词+whom”引导从句引导从句。1.The man to whom you spoke is a teacher.2.He is a learned man with whom we are familiar.1.Where 引导
14、定语从句时，先行词为表示引导定语从句时，先行词为表示地点地点的名词，关系词在从的名词，关系词在从句中作句中作地点地点状语状语，可用可用“in,at等介词等介词+which”来替换来替换。The school where my studies is near a park.=The school in which my studies is near a park.关系副词关系副词when,where,whywhen,where,why的用法的用法This is the place _(which/where)I spend my childhood.This is the place _(wh
15、ich/where)I visited last summer.第一空填第一空填where(从句中从句中spend是谓语，是谓语，my childhood是宾语是宾语where代指代指the place在从句中充当地点状语在从句中充当地点状语)第二空填第二空填which(which指代前面的指代前面的the place在从句中充当在从句中充当visit的宾语的宾语)where 还可用在表示抽象意义的地点名词后，如还可用在表示抽象意义的地点名词后，如situation,stage,point,case,position,condition,activity,scene,occasion等等,意思
16、是意思是“到了某种地步，到了某种地步，在某种境况中在某种境况中”。The accident has reached to the point where both their parents are to be called in.当先行词是当先行词是表事物表事物的名词或代词时，可由的名词或代词时，可由“介词介词+which”引导从句。引导从句。1.The city in which she lives is far away.2.The English play in which my students acted at the New Years party was a great suc
17、cess.“介词介词+关系代词关系代词”结构往往可以结构往往可以和关系副词互换和关系副词互换。1.Ill never forget the day when I joined the league.2.This is the house where I lived two years ago.3.There are many reasons why people like traveling.when=表时间的介词表时间的介词(in,on,at,during等等)+which=on which(=on the day)where=表地点的介词表地点的介词(in,at,on,under等等)+w
18、hich=in which(=in the house)why=表原因的介词表原因的介词 for+which=for which(=for the reasons)The president(whom/who/that)the journalist interview just now is a famous person.The reason(which/that)the local policeman explained was very simple.当先行词在定语从句中作当先行词在定语从句中作宾语宾语时，关系词可以省略。时，关系词可以省略。定语从句中关系词的省略定语从句中关系词的省略
19、I dont like the way(in which/that)they communicate with each other.The way(in which/that)you look at the problem is wrong.当先行词是当先行词是way且在定语从句中作且在定语从句中作方式状语方式状语时，定语时，定语从句中相应的关系词从句中相应的关系词that/which可以省略可以省略。定语从句中关系词的省略定语从句中关系词的省略1.I met the child(whom)I looked after ten years ago.我遇到了十年前我照料过的那个孩子。我遇到了十
20、年前我照料过的那个孩子。2.This is the pen(that/which)you are looking for.这是你正在找的钢笔。这是你正在找的钢笔。定语从句的谓语如果是以介词结尾的动词固定短语，则不定语从句的谓语如果是以介词结尾的动词固定短语，则不可把介词移至从句之首，可把介词移至从句之首，如如 hear from，look after等。等。注意注意关系副词关系副词相当于相当于被代替的被代替的先行词先行词在从句中作在从句中作成分成分wherewhenwhyin,at等介词等介词+which表示地点表示地点的名词的名词at,in,on,during等介词等介词+which地点状语
21、地点状语表示时间表示时间的名词的名词时间状语时间状语for+whichreason原因状语原因状语1.Ill never forget the days _ we worked together.2.Ill never forget the days _we spent together.3.I went to the place _ I worked ten years ago.4.I went to the place _ I visited ten years ago.5.This is the reason _ he was late.6.This is the reason _ he
22、 gave.when/in whichthat/whichwhere/in whichwhich/thatwhy/for whichthat/whichPractice：易错题辨析易错题辨析.用“介词+关系代词”填空1.The teacher _ I learnt most was Mrs Zhu.from whom2.This is the house _ Lu Xun once lived.in which3.He will never forget the day _ he came to Shanghai.on which4.The reason _I came here is tha
23、t I wanted to get your help.for which5.The fellow _ I spoke made no answer.to whom6.This is the shop _ my daughter works.in which7.The pencil _ he wrote was broken.with which8.She has three children,all _ are at school.of whom9.The policeman _ the thief was caught is an old man.by whom10.I was surpr
24、ised at the way _ he treated the old man.in which.用定语从句完成句子1.The village _（我在那儿成长的）is very hot and damp in summer.（grow）where /in which I grew up2._（正如我们强调的那样）many times,“serving the people”is our first policy.（stress）As we have stressed3.In our school there are 5,000 students,_（其中五分之三是女生）.（be）three
25、 fifths of whom are girls4.The rich,_（对其来说钱不是问题）,wanted to stay at an expensive hotel.（problem）for whom money was not a problem1.He was educated at a local grammar school,he went on to Cambridge.2.Gun control is a subject Americans have argued for a long time.3.Wind power is an ancient source of ene
26、rgy we may return in the near future.4.The English play my students acted at the New Years party was a great success.after whichabout which to which in which Practice：介词：介词+关系代词的使用关系代词的使用5.Many people who had seen the film were afraid to go to the forest when they remembered the scenes _ people were
27、 eaten by the tiger.6.She showed the visitors around the museum,the construction _ had taken more than three years.7.The place _ the bridge is supposed to be built should be _ the cross-river traffic is the heaviest.in which of which at which whereRecite the following proverbs 1.Do not cut down the
28、tree that gives you shade.遮荫遮荫之树不可砍之树不可砍。2.You can do anything that you set your mind to.只要你下定决心，你就能做到。只要你下定决心，你就能做到。3.All that glitters is not gold.闪光的未必都是金子。闪光的未必都是金子。4.Time that you enjoy wasting is not wasted time.你喜欢浪费的时间不是浪费的时间。你喜欢浪费的时间不是浪费的时间。5.Time is the most valuable thing you can spend.时间
29、是你能花的最有价值的东西时间是你能花的最有价值的东西6.We can do anything we want to do if we stick to it long enough.-Helen Keller 只要只要我们坚持的时间够长，我们就能做任何我们想做的事我们坚持的时间够长，我们就能做任何我们想做的事。海海伦伦凯凯勒勒7.Those who make the worst use of their time are the first to complain of its brevity.最不善于利用时间的人，最先抱怨时间短暂。最不善于利用时间的人，最先抱怨时间短暂。8.He who knows most knows best how little he knows.-Thomas Jefferson 知道得最多的人知道自己知道得最少。知道得最多的人知道自己知道得最少。杰斐逊杰斐逊 Recite the following proverbs Thank you
