1、动词语态和主谓一致动词语态和主谓一致三、语态1.常见时态的被动语态时态主动形式被动形式 时态主动形式被动形式一般现在时do/doesam/is/are done现在进行时am/is/are doingam/is/are being done一般过去时didwas/were done过去进行时was/were doing was/were being done一般将来时will/shall dowill/shall be done现在完成时have/has donehave/has been done 过去完成时had donehad been doneWe were given much he
2、lp by the old workers.老工人们给我们许多帮助。Im afraid I am being followed.恐怕我被人跟踪了。The case has recently been tried.案子最近已经审过了。All the tickets had been sold out when they arrived.他们到达时,所有的票已经售完。2.含情态动词的被动语态构成:情态动词+be+过去分词(done)This can be done by hand.这可以手工做。The environment should be improved.环境应当改善。3.主动与被动的转换
3、将主动语态转换为被动语态的核心是将主动句中的宾语转换成主语。以下介绍几种常见结构的主动语态与被动语态之间的转换。(1)主语+谓语+宾语(2)主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语将间接宾语变为被动句的主语时,保留直接宾语。将直接宾语变为被动句的主语时,间接宾语的前面要加上介词to或for。注意并非所有双宾语结构都能变成两种形式的被动句。当直接宾语是从句时,就不能变为被动句的主语。(3)主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语用于这种结构的常考动词包括think、believe、know、suppose、expect等。将宾语变为被动句的主语时,宾语补足语变为主语补足语。Yin and yang are belie
4、ved to form the unity of opposites.阴阳被认为是对立统一的。Education is supposed to be the most important issue faced by the government.教育被认为是该政府面临的最重要的问题。4.主动形式表示被动意义情况示例系动词(feel、taste、sound、smell、look、keep、stay、remain、prove、turn out等)This material feels very soft.这块材料摸上去很柔软。表示主语内在性质或性能的不及物动词(sell、read、write、w
5、ash、wear等)与well、easily等副词连用时The pen writes smoothly.这支笔写起来很流畅。This kind of food sells well.这种食物很畅销。worth、deserve、need、want、require等词后常用动名词的主动形式表示被动意义This book is well worth reading.这本书很值得一读。Your room needs cleaning.你的房间需要打扫一下。用于“主语+be+adj.+to do”结构This question is hard to answer.这个问题很难回答。English is
6、easy to learn.英语很好学。四、主谓一致主语和谓语在人称和数上保持一致遵循三个基本原则:主语谓语形式示例可数名词单数或不可数名词单数The course allows students to progress at their own speed.本课程允许学生按各自的速度学习。Work on the new road is progressing slowly.新路的修建工作在缓慢进行。可数名词复数复数These toys are designed for children under 3.这些玩具是专门为三岁以下的儿童设计的。单复数同形的名词(means、series、spec
7、ies、deer、sheep等)遵循意义一致原则The sheep is running.羊在跑。(指一只)The sheep are running.羊在跑。(指多只)主语谓语形式示例集体名词people、cattle、police等复数The police are running after a thief.警察正在追赶一个小偷。People live much longer than they used to.和过去相比,人们的寿命大大延长了。audience、class、committee、company、crew、crowd、family、group、team等遵循意义一致原则The
8、 class is made up of twenty boys and fifteen girls.这个班由20个男生和15个女生组成。(强调整体)The whole class were told to stay behind after school.全班的学生被告知放学后留下。(强调单个成员)baggage、clothing、e-quipment、furniture、jewelry、machinery等单数The furniture was easy to transport.这些家具易于运输。The scenery up the lake is just breathtaking.湖
9、上的风景美不胜收。主语谓语形式示例the+形容词/分词遵循意义一致原则The beautiful gives pleasure to all.美的事物给所有人带来快乐。(指事物)The sick have been treated and the lost have been found.病人已得到救治,失踪者已被找到。(指人)不定代词neither、either、each、the other、another等及复合不定代词单数Is there anything else you want to say?你有没有别的话要说?Nobody knows who is going to win in
10、 the competition.没有人知道谁会在竞赛中获胜。none/neither/either of+复数名词或词单数/复数Neither of the books is/are of any use to him.两本书他都用不着。None of us has/have ever been to Beijing.我们谁都没去过北京。all、more、most、some、any、none等遵循意义一致原则All of the apples are rotten.所有的苹果都腐烂了。All of the apple is rotten.整个苹果都腐烂了。主语谓语形式示例动名词、不定式、从句
11、单数To finish the task on time is hard.按时完成这项任务很难。Seeing is believing.眼见为实。Who will take over the job has not been decided yet.由谁承接这项工作尚未决定。“分数/百分数+of+名词”或“the rest of/half of/part of/the majority of/a lot of/lots of/plenty of+名词”取决于of后面的名词所表示的意义About 60%of the students in our school are boys.我校大约60%的
12、学生是男孩。About 60%of the work is done.这项工作大约完成了60%。Half of the students have finished their compositions.半数学生写完作文了。主语谓语形式示例表示时间、距离、价格、度量衡的复数名词作主语单数Ten miles isnt a long distance.十英里并不是一段很长的距离。Four hours is enough to do the experiment.做这项实验四个小时足够了。某些以-s结尾的名词(news、maths、politics、physics等)以及书刊名、国家名组织名等专有名
13、词单数Politics is his favorite subject.政治是他最喜欢的学科。The New York Times has a wide circulation.纽约时报销路很广。(both.)and.连接并列主语遵循意义一致原则The singer and dancer is to attend our evening party.那位歌舞演员将会参加我们的晚会。(指同一个人)Cool and fresh wind is blowing from the south.凉爽而清新的风正从南方吹来。(指一种事物)To work and to live are two differ
14、ent things but theyre always together.工作和生活是两件不同的事情,但它们永远相伴。(表达两件事)主语谓语形式示例more than one/many a+可数名词单数单数More than one student was late for school this morning.今天早晨,不止一个学生上学迟到了。Many a scientist has been trying to research into the way to cure cancer.许多科学家一直在努力研究治愈癌症的方法。each/every/no+名词+and(+each/ever
15、y/no)+名词单数Every man and woman has a good reason to be proud of the work done by their fathers.每一个人都有充分的理由为他们的先辈所做的工作感到骄傲。No sound and no voice is heard for a long while.很长时间没有听到一点声音。a number of+复数名词复数A number of books are lent out from the library every day.每天有许多书从图书馆被借走。主语谓语形式示例the number of+名词单数Th
16、e number of the students present is not known.没人知道出席的学生的数量。or、either.or.、neither.nor.、not only.but also.、not.but.等连接并列主语遵循就近一致原则Either you or Jane is to be sent to New Zealand.你或者简将被派往新西兰。Not only the students but also their teacher doesnt know about it.不仅学生,老师对此也一无所知。当主语后有with、along with、together w
17、ith、as well as、like、rather than、but、except等附加成分时与附加成分无关,与主语保持一致Henry,rather than Jane and John,is responsible for the loss.损失的责任应由亨利来承担,而不是由简和约翰承担。The man,together with his wife and children,is visiting the Great Wall.那个人正和他的妻子和孩子们游览长城。Researchers including Professor Brown are expected to attend the
18、 meeting.包括布朗教授在内的研究人员预计会参会。主语谓语形式示例there be句型遵循就近一致原则There have been some fresh developments.有了一些新的进展。There is beef and crabs for lunch.午餐有牛肉和蟹。定语从句与先行词保持一致Here is a letter from Mr.Brown,who wants to come to Paris.这是布朗先生的来信,他想来巴黎。Here is a letter from the Browns,who want to come to Paris.这是布朗一家的来信,
19、他们想来巴黎。It is the third time that she has won the race,which has surprised us all.这是她第三次赢得比赛了,这令我们所有人感到惊讶。1.Ever since Neil Armstrong first set foot on the Moon back on 20 July 1969,people (become)accustomed to the notion of space travel.(外研XB4U6)2.On 7 May 1824,a crowd of music lovers (stream)into a
20、 theatre in Vienna to hear the first-ever performance of the great Ludwig van Beethovens Symphony No.9.(译林XB1U2)3.Reading a book and watching a film (be)two very different experiences,but its normal to have high expectations when a film of a favourite book is made.(北师大XB2U6)4.Humour isnt just about
21、laughter,but is a way of life and a tool that can (use)to illuminate the world.(外研XB1U1改)have becomestreamedare即练即清1be used5.By the time he was a teenager,he (enjoy)a reputation as a wonderful young musician.(译林XB1U2改)6.If an advertisement (place)on a popular website or on TV at peak times,a huge nu
22、mber of people will know about the product or service it is advertising.(译林XB2U1)7.A famous art collector (walk)through the city when he noticed a dirty cat lapping milk from a saucer in the doorway of a store.(北师大XB2U4)8.Whatever your opinion,people (express)their thoughts and ideas through art for thousands of years.(外研XB1U4)had enjoyedis placedwas walkinghave been expressing即练即清1
