1、Unit 1Period 2 Grammar and usage新 课 导 入What are the common sentence elements and sentence structures?How to distinguish and use them correctly?课 堂 学 习On the first day of school,Miss Yan gave a short speech about the importance of setting goals.Pay attention to the underlined sentences and fill in th
2、e table below.The first one has been done for you.Albert Einstein said,“If you want to live a happy life,tie it to a goal.”(1)I agree.Goals are important in many ways.(2)Setting goals gives you a focus in life.By setting goals now,you are deciding what you want to achieve in the future.Then you know
3、 where you are going in life and can work hard to get there.Setting goals also helps you develop good habits.To realize your goals,you need to have a good plan,manage your time well and pay attention to details.(3)These habits will be helpful.Finally,(4)setting goals makes you more confident.When yo
4、u achieve a goal,you see the result of your hard work and know how much progress you have made.A goal is a dream that needs action.As a result of your action,your dream will come true and hopefully(5)you will live a happy life.SubjectVerb I agree.Subject VerbPredicativeSubject VerbObjectSubject Verb
5、Indirect objectDirect objectSubject VerbObjectObject complement These habitswill be helpful.You will have a happy life.Setting goals givesyoua focus in life.Setting goalsmakesyoumore confident.A Exploring the rulesWorking out the rules The subject and the(1)_ are necessary parts of a sentence.A tran
6、sitive verb is always followed by a(n)(2)_.Some verbs can have two objects.The indirect object usually refers to a person and the direct object a thing.The object complement adds more information about the object.verb object 一、句子成分一、句子成分根据英语词汇在句子中的地位和作用，英语的句子成分可分为主语(S)、谓语(V)、宾语(O)、补语(C)、状语(A)、表语(P)、
7、定语(Attr.)等。1.主语(Subject):指句子所谈论的主体。观察John is good at playing football.He went out in a hurry.To rise early is a good habit.Smoking is bad for health.归纳主语表示句子说的是什么人或什么事。通常由名词、代词、数词、名词化的形容词、动词不定式、动名词、从句等充当。2.谓语(Verb)：指谓语部分的主要动词，通常说明主语所做的动作或主语的特征和状态。观察I love my mother.He can speak English.They are watc
8、hing TV now.归纳谓语通常由动词或动词短语充当，位于主语之后。实义动词可以单独作谓语，连系动词需要和表语一起构成谓语；情态动词和助动词需要和实义动词一起构成谓语。3.宾语(Object)：通常指动作的对象。谓语多是及物动词。有时谓语后面可以跟两个宾语，把表示人的宾语称为间接宾语(indirect object)，把表示物的宾语称为直接宾语(direct object)。观察She has a very pleasant smile.Grandma likes singing.I think(that)he is fit for his office.They gave her som
9、e food.归纳宾语一般位于及物动词或介词后面。常由名词、代词、动名词、不定式或相当于名词的词组或句子充当。4.表语(Predicative)：指连系动词后面的成分，通常说明主语的身份、特征和状态。观察My father is a professor.His words sounded reasonable.She is in the room alone.归纳表语一般位于系动词之后，由形容词、名词、代词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、副词或句子充当。常见系动词有be,become,feel,get,look,seem等。5.补语(Complement)：补语分为宾语补足语和主语补足
10、语，用来补充说明宾语或主语的特征或情况。观察归纳补语是补充说明宾语或主语的成分。一般由形容词、名词、副词、动词不定式、分词和介词短语等充当。6.状语(Adverbial)：修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子。观察The old man walks slowly.Ill be back in a while.If it doesnt rain,well go camping tomorrow.归纳状语修饰说明动作或状态特征。一般由副词、形容词、不定式、分词、介词短语、从句等充当。7.定语(Attributive)：修饰名词或代词。观察The(tall)boy is my cousin.The gi
11、rl(on the bike)is my sister.Rose is the person(whom you should care about)归纳定语修饰说明名词或代词。一般由形容词、介词短语、不定式、分词、从句等充当。二、句子结构二、句子结构1.主谓：主语谓语(不及物动词)(SV)观察The door opened.主语谓语The red sun is rising.主语谓语归纳在此句型中,谓语为不及物动词,不能接宾语,但能表达完整的意义。常见的不及物动词(短语)有：rise,matter,begin,come,go,happen,appear,work,take place。2.主系
12、表：主语系动词表语(SVP)观察Some girlsare very excited.主语系动词 表语The flower smells sweet.主语 系动词表语The babyfell asleep soon.主语系动词表语My fathers hope is that I can go home frequently.主语 系动词表语归纳(1)在此句型中，谓语动词必须加一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语，才能表达完整意思。这类动词叫作连系动词。(2)此类动词大致分四类：“状态”类：be,keep,remain,stay；“感官”类：look,sound,feel,smell,ta
13、ste等；“变成”类：get,grow,become,turn,go,fall,come等；“结果”类：prove,turn out等。(3)表语由名词、形容词、介词短语、分词、不定式或从句充当。3.主谓宾：主语谓语(及物动词)宾语(SVO)观察My father teaches English.主语谓语 宾语We all know that the earth runs around the sun.主语 谓语 宾语归纳在此句型中，谓语为及物动词或相当于及物动词的短语动词，它必须跟一个宾语，即动作的承受者，才能表达一个完整的意思。用作宾语的有名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词和从句等。4.主谓
14、宾宾：主语谓语间接宾语直接宾语(SVOO)观察Mr Smith lent mehis car.Mr Smith lent his car to me.主语谓语间接宾语直接宾语Hegave me an apple.He gave an apple to me.主语谓语 间接宾语 直接宾语Heofferedme his seat.He offered his seat to me.主语 谓语 间接宾语 直接宾语Father boughtme a book.Father bought a book for me.主语谓语 间接宾语 直接宾语归纳(1)在此句型中，谓语动词带两个宾语(双宾语)，前一个为
15、间接宾语(通常指人)，后一个为直接宾语(通常指物)。如果要把直接宾语提前，就需要加适当的介词。即：“主谓间宾直宾”或“主谓直宾to/for间宾”结构。(2)间接宾语之前用介词to的动词有：give,tell,teach,write,bring,lend,hand,show,offer,send,pay,order。(3)间接宾语之前用介词for的动词有：buy，fetch,save,choose,sing等。5.主谓宾补：主语谓语宾语宾语补足语(SVOC)归纳归纳(1)此句型的特点是：此类及物动词后面，要用一个“宾语宾语补足语”，才能使意思完整。(2)作宾语补足语的可以是形容词、副词、介词短语
16、、现在分词、过去分词、不定式等。(3)该句式常用于三类动词：使役动词keep,make,let,have,leave,get等；感官动词see,watch,notice,observe,find,catch,look at,listen to,hear,feel,smell等；ask/tell/order/request/permit/persuade/.sb to do sth。Tip如何判断一个及物动词所带的是如何判断一个及物动词所带的是双宾语还是复合宾语双宾语还是复合宾语？如果宾语与其后的成分之间存在着逻辑上的主谓或主表关系，则如果宾语与其后的成分之间存在着逻辑上的主谓或主表关系，则该动
17、词接的是复合宾语，否则就是双宾语。该动词接的是复合宾语，否则就是双宾语。6.主谓状：主语谓语状语(SVA)观察All the students are listening carefully 主语 谓语 状语Robot cooks will appear in our families in the future主语谓语地点状语 时间状语When her mother came in,she was sleeping.状语 主语谓语归纳在此句型中，谓语也为不及物动词，但其后必须接副词、介词短语、不定式等作状语，否则结构不全，意义不完整。可以用作状语的有：副词、形容词、不定式、分词、介词短语、从
18、句等。7.主谓宾状：主语谓语宾语状语(SVOA)观察Jane was doing her homework at 8：00 last night.主语谓语 宾语状语The man raisedhis armsabove his head.主语 谓语宾语 状语归纳此句型是在句型主谓宾 SVO 的基础上,加副词、介词短语、分词、从句等作状语。8.存现句:引导词there引导的句子观察There is a small pool at the foot of the mountain.谓语主语 状语There arent some students in the dormitory now.谓语 主语
19、 地点状语时间状语归纳(1)“There be句型”表示“某处存在某物/某人”，因此被称为存现句。其基本句型是“therebe主语其他(状语、定语等)”。(2)there在该结构中是个引导词，本身无词义。动词be是谓语动词，有时态变化，也可与情态动词连用。动词be要和后面的就近的主语保持单复数方面的一致。Mark the different elements of each sentence with different symbols.Use the example below to help you.B1B Applying the rules1.You will find(senior
20、high)school different from(junior high)school.2.(Your)schoolwork will be more challenging.3.We will give you(more)independence.4.You should listen more carefully.5.You can join a club.6.(Your)teachers will help you in(many)ways.7.You will succeed!Below are some tips about setting goals.Match the und
21、erlined sentences with the correct structures.Write the letters in the boxes.B2 a SV b SVP c SVO d SVOO e SVOC f SVA g SVOASetting goals is the first step in achieving them.(1)The tips below may help you.()Set goals that can be achieved.Dont push yourself to achieve more than what is possible.Instea
22、d,you should set goals based on your abilities and skills.Break big goals down into small ones.When you do so,(2)they will seem easier to reach.()You will be proud of yourself when you realize each small goal.(3)This will also give you the encouragement to achieve your long-term goal.()Write your go
23、als on paper.It is a good idea to put your goals where you can see them.(4)You can place the list on your bedside table.()Or you can stick it on your bedroom wall.This will remind you of what you are working for and keep you focused.After you set a goal,it is important to stick to it and work hard t
24、owards it.(5)You may find achieving goals difficult.()But(6)you should not give up.()Instead,stay positive and confident.(7)You will succeed in the end.()cbdgeafWhat is your goal for the new term?How are you going to achieve your goal?Write about it using different sentence structures.B3 I will try
25、to improve my English in the new term.There are a lot of things I need to do to achieve this goal.I will read two English novels this term.I will also try to find a language partner.Joining the English club will be helpful to me too.All my efforts will pay off!ExampleSpeaking in public confidently r
26、emains a challenge to me.I find it difficult to speak in public confidently.My goal for the new term is to improve my communication skills.To achieve this goal,I will encourage myself to ask and answer more questions.Joining a club also seems a great idea.I think it can offer me a good opportunity to make new friends and acquire new skills.Besides,I will read a book on how to improve communication skills.Always try hard and I will succeed!A sample课堂总结课堂总结Now can you list sentence elements and sentence structuresor distinguish them correctly?
