1、人教版（人教版（2019）选择性必修三）选择性必修三Unit 4 Adversity and CourageLearning About LanguageBuild up your vocabularyLearning objectivesBy the end of this section,you will be able to:1.use adjectives you have learnt from the previous text to complete some sentences;2.distinguish several groups of synonyms in specif
2、ic context;3.use the correct forms of the words to complete a a summary of the previous diary.Find the suitable adjectives from the previous text to complete the sentences.The first letter of each word has been given.1.He behaves in a d_ manner and we think he is a real gentleman.2.With the gentle m
3、usic,soft lights,and comfortable sofas,this caf is everything you need after a tiring day.It is a c_ and relaxing place.3.He used to be so cross and b_ that nobody could tolerate him,but the birth of his son changed his life and made him a better person.4.Life was cruel to Oliver when he was young.A
4、lthough living a m_ life,he had a very kind heart.5.Try to learn from your mistakes and b_ failures.It will eventually lead to success as long as you persevere.6.The young boy has demonstrated a g_ interest in the expedition to the Antarctic.ecentosyad-temperediserableitterenuineChoose the appropria
5、te word to complete each sentence.1.The fire alarm caused a panic/worry in the theatre and the crowd fled in all directions.2.Although my grandpa is retired,he is very enthusiastic/concerned about volunteer work.3.The officer was assigned/employed to conduct a thorough investigation into the inciden
6、t.4.The sun was sinking/falling behind the mountains when we reached the top.5.It took him a lot of vigour/energy to move all the items of furniture inside the house.Complete the passage with the correct forms of the words in the box.abandon aboard assign crew cupboard resolve set off sink turn down
7、 voyageAfter seeing the advertisement in the newspaper,Perce Blackborow _ to join the Antarctic expedition led by Sir Ernest Shackleton no matter what challenges might lie ahead.Unfortunately,his application _ because he was too young and not qualified enough.However,he managed to get _ the Enduranc
8、e with his friends help.He hid in a _,but was soon discovered and brought to Shackleton.Although the captain was angry,he _ the boy the job of cooking for the _.Their _ did not go smoothly,and the Endurance became stuck in the ice.Before the Endurance was crushed and _ into the sea,Shackleton gave t
9、he order to _ ship,and the crew had to camp on ice.They then sailed to Elephant Island.Soon after that,Shackleton selected a boat party and _ for South Georgia Island to get help.resolvedwas turned downaboardcupboardassignedcrewvoyagesankabandonset offDiscover useful structuresLearning objectivesBy
10、the end of this section,you will be able to:1.grasp the structure and usage of the present perfect continuous tense;2.distinguish the present perfect continuous tense from the present perfect tense;3.use the present perfect continuous tense to complete related exercises;4.use the present perfect con
11、tinuous tense to describe things you have been doing.Look at the sentence in the present perfect continuous tense.Find more examples from the previous text and discuss the function of the tense.EXAMPLE This is the adventure that I have been dreaming of.We are now camped on the ice and we have been m
12、anaging to survive,We have been struggling for days,but 以上句子都用了现在完成进行时。以上句子都用了现在完成进行时。构成形式为：构成形式为：_，表示从过去某时起一直持续到现在，表示从过去某时起一直持续到现在的动作。的动作。have/hasbeen现在分词现在分词Presentation现在完成进行时1.现在完成进行时的构成现在完成进行时的构成现在完成进行时由“have/has+been+现在分词现在分词”构成。其陈述句、一般疑问句和简单回答如下：现在完成进行时现在完成进行时陈述句陈述句一般疑问句一般疑问句简单回答简单回答I/We/You/
13、They have(not)been working.Have I/we/you/they been working.?Yes,I/we/you/they have.No,I/we/you/they havent.He/She/It has(not)been working.Has he/she/it been working.?Yes,he/she/it has.No,he/she/it hasnt.现在完成进行时2.现在完成进行时的用法现在完成进行时的用法(1)表示动作从过去某时开始，一直延续到现在，可能刚刚结束，也有可能继续进行下去。Im sure you will do better
14、in the test because you have been studying so hard this year.我确信你将在这次考试中取得更好的成绩，因为这一年里你一直用功学习。Ive been writing letters all this morning.整个上午我一直在写信。(2)表示在一段持续的时间内动作的多次重复，而这个重复的动作在说话时并不 一定在进行。Weve all along been making mistakes like this.我们一直犯这样的错误。Jim has been phoning Jenny every night for the past w
15、eek.过去一周吉姆每晚都给珍妮打电话。现在完成进行时2.现在完成进行时的用法现在完成进行时的用法 (3)表示动作刚刚结束，该动作一般不再继续，有时会指出结果。I have been playing ping-pong all morning,so Im sweating.整个上午我一直在打乒乓球，所以我浑身是汗。Ive been painting the door,so my hands are very dirty.我一直在给门刷油漆，所以我的手很脏。(4)现在完成进行时还可以表达较重的感情色彩。What have you been doing to my dictionary?看你把我的
16、字典弄成什么样子了？Too much has been happening today.今天发生太多事了。现在完成进行时3.与现在完成进行时连用的时间状语与现在完成进行时连用的时间状语现在完成进行时常见的时间状语有：all day/month，this month/week/year，these days，recently/lately，in the past few+时间段，since+时间点，for+时间段等。They have been building the bridge for two months.两个月来他们一直在修桥。They have been planting trees
17、 this month.这个月他们一直在植树。Vera has been trying to learn Chinese for years.维拉努力学汉语已有好几年了。4.不能用于现在完成进行时的动词不能用于现在完成进行时的动词使用现在完成进行时的句子，表意上需要动词行为具有延续性的特点。因此，某些不具延续性含义的动词，如come,go,marry,die,finish,join等，不适用于现在完成进行时。现在完成进行时5.现在完成进行时现在完成进行时与与现在完成时现在完成时的区别的区别(1)现在完成时现在完成时强调的是某个刚完成刚完成的动作，或某个过去的动作对现在的影响某个过去的动作对现在
18、的影响；现在完成现在完成进行时进行时则强调动作的延续性动作的延续性。He has written a letter.他写了一封信。（已经写好)He has been writing a letter.他一直在写一封信。（仍然在写）(2)现在完成时一般不表示动作的重复性，而现在完成现在完成进行时可表示动作的重复性进行时可表示动作的重复性。Have you met the couple recently?你最近见过那对夫妇吗？Have you been meeting the couple recently?你最近常和那对夫妇见面吗？现在完成进行时5.现在完成进行时现在完成进行时与与现在完成时现在
19、完成时的区别的区别 (3)现在完成时现在完成时一般是平铺直叙平铺直叙，而现在完成进行时有现在完成进行时有时含有感情色彩时含有感情色彩。I have waited for the master musician for two hours.我等了那位音乐大师两个小时。（说明一个事实）I have been waiting for the master musician for two hours.我一直等了那位音乐大师两个小时。（可能表示不满)(4)表示状态、感觉或情感的动词状态、感觉或情感的动词，如see,feel,know,love等，可用于现在完成时可用于现在完成时，但不可用于现在完成进行
20、时不可用于现在完成进行时。We have known each other for many years.我们相识已经很多年了。（不说：We have been knowing.）He has loved Helen since he was in middle school.他自中学时代就爱上了海伦。（不说：He has been loving.)Read each situation and rewrite each sentence using the present perfect continuous tense.1.The dog started to bark about two
21、 hours ago.I really hope it will stop soon._2.Steve started to play rugby at the age of eight.Now he has become a professional player._3.Timmy is holding a table tennis bat and his short hair is damp with sweat.He looks a little tired after playing table tennis for two hours._ _4.Diane hasnt got muc
22、h sleep this week.She looks terrible today._5.I tried to phone you this morning.I must have tried a dozen times before I caught you here._The dog has been barking for about two hours.I really hope it will stop soon.Steve has been playing rugby since the age of eight.Now he has become a professional
23、player.Timmy is holding a table tennis bat and his short hair is damp with sweat.He looks a little tired because he has been playing table tennis for two hours.Diane hasnt been sleeping well this week.She looks terrible today.I have been trying to phone you all this morning.I must have tried a dozen
24、 times before I caught you here.P r a c t i c eComplete the sentences below using the correct tenses of the verbs in brackets.Then explain your reasons to your partner.1.For the whole morning,the board of the directors _(discuss)the resolution to increase wages in the coming year.2.Jasons only recre
25、ation is painting.He _(learn)how to paint for over five years.3.Even though we lost the game,we should be proud of ourselves because we _(try)our best and _(work)as a team.4.He finally _(finish)the research paper under his tutors guidance.5.My nephew Sam _(collect)comic books since he was five.Now h
26、e has more than two hundred of them.6.The company _(launch)an advertising campaign to promote its corporate image.has been discussinghas been learningtriedfinishedworkedhas been collectinglaunched/will launch/is launching/has launchedWork in pairs.Interview your partner about the things that he/she
27、has been doing.The following questions might help you.Do you have any hobbies or interests?How long have you been learning/playing?What have you been doing recently?ProductionA:Do you have any hobbies?B:Sure.I have several hobbies such as table tennis,photography,and kite flying.But my favourite hob
28、by is playing the guitar.A:How long have you been learning the guitar?B:I have been learning the guitar since I was eight years old.I saw a video of someone playing and I fell in love with it.A:Thats great.Words and Expressions The officer was assigned to conduct a thorough investigation into the in
29、cident.(P40)这名警官被派去对这一事件进行彻底的调查。thorough /r/adj.深入的；彻底的；细致的深入的；彻底的；细致的thoroughly adv.深入地；彻底地 The police officers decided to conduct a thorough and comprehensive review of the case.警官决定对该案件进行一次细致、详尽的审查。They had not studied the language very thoroughly.他们没有很仔细地研究这一语言。1 Jasons only recreation is painti
30、ng.(P41)杰森唯一的消遣就是画画。recreation /rekrien/n.娱乐；消遣；游戏娱乐；消遣；游戏recreational adj.娱乐的；消遣的 According to Anderson,TV doesnt take the place of reading for most children;it takes the place of similar sorts of recreation,such as listening to the radio and playing sports.安德森认为，对大多数孩子来说，电视并没有取代阅读；它取代了类似的娱乐活动，比如听收
31、音机和做运动。My daughter plays on a recreational soccer team.我女儿在一个休闲足球队踢球。2 He finally finished the research paper under his tutors guidance.(P41)在导师的指导下，他终于完成了研究论文。guidance /adns/n.指导；引导；导航指导；引导；导航under ones guidance=under the guidance of 在的指导下 Practice under the guidance of some experienced writers and
32、 teachers who can help you with basic writing skills.在一些有经验的作家和老师的指导下练习，他们可以帮助你掌握基本的写作 技巧。guide vt.指导；影响 n.旅游指南；导游3 The company has launched an advertising campaign to promote its corporate image.(P41)公司已发起了一场广告宣传活动来提升公司形象。advertising /dvtaz/n.广告活动；广告业广告活动；广告业advertise /dvtaz/vt.&vi.公布；宣传；做广告公布；宣传；做广告advertisement n.广告 A good advertising campaign will increase our sales.良好的广告宣传活动会增加我们的销量。The advertisers put some advertisements in the local paper to advertise their products.广告公司在当地报纸上为他们的产品做了广告。4Review the words and grammar learned in this lesson.Finish exercises at page 82-83 on workbook.
