1、Unit 4Period 3 Discovering Useful Structures(英语英语 )ENGLISHENGLISH新 课 导 入Mystery creates wonder and wonder is the basis of mans desire to understand.Neil ArmstrongTo succeed,you must accept all the challenges,cant just accept the ones you like.Mike GaffkaFind out the infinitives in the sentences and
2、talked about their functions.attributeadverbial新知讲授新知讲授课堂总结课堂总结学习目标学习目标1）能分辨用作定语和状语的动词不定式，理解其功能和意义；2）能正确运用动词不定式作定语和状语。新知讲授新知讲授课堂总结课堂总结学习目标学习目标课 堂 学 习Look at the following sentences and focus on the italicised infinitives.In pairs,discuss their functions and meanings.1.I trained for a long time to fl
3、y airplanes as a fighter pilot.2.As we all know,an astronaut needs to be healthy and calm in order to work in space.3.First of all,you must be intelligent enough to get a related college degree.infinitive as the adverbial to express purposeinfinitive as the adverbial to express purposeinfinitive as
4、the adverbial to show the result新知讲授新知讲授课堂总结课堂总结学习目标学习目标4.Some scientists were determined to help humans realise their dream to explore space.5.On 12 April 1961,Yuri Gagarin became the first person in the world to go into space.infinitive as the attribute to modify sth.infinitive as the attribute to
5、 modify sth.新知讲授新知讲授课堂总结课堂总结学习目标学习目标Find more examples from the unit and figure out their functions.1.People have always wanted to learn more about space,and scientists work hard to find answers.2.They make vehicles to carry brave people into space to find out the secrets of the universe.3.For examp
6、le,Americas NASA space agency launched Voyager 1 on 5 September 1977 to study deep space.4.These disasters made everyone sad and disappointed,but the desire to explore the universe never died.5.China became the third country in the world to independently send humans into space in 2003adverbialadverb
7、ialadverbialattributeattributeadverbial新知讲授新知讲授课堂总结课堂总结学习目标学习目标6.Then Shenzhou 6 and 7 completed a second manned orbit and the first Chinese spacewalk,followed by the vehicle Jade Rabbit being sent to the moon to study its surface.7.After that,China launched the Tiangong 2 space lab into space and T
8、ianzhou 1 to dock with it.8.This signalled one step further in Chinas plan to establish a space station in the future.9.More recently,China has sent Change 4 to explore the surface of the far side of the moon to make measurements and observations.10.Europe,the US,and China all have plans to futher s
9、tudy and explore planets like Mars and Jupiter.adverbialadverbialattributeboth as attributesattribute新知讲授新知讲授课堂总结课堂总结学习目标学习目标一、动词不定式作定语一、动词不定式作定语不定式作定语，一般都是作后置定语，修饰前面的名词或代词。1.作定语的不定式与它所修饰的名词或代词有主谓关系或动宾关系。Eg:Have you got anything this evening?Is there anyone the children?2.被修饰的词与动词不定式有主动关系，这时被修饰的名词常常
10、被first，last，second 以及only 等修饰。sb./sth.be the+序数词+.to do.某人/某物是第个做的Eg:Miss Brown was.新知讲授新知讲授课堂总结课堂总结学习目标学习目标二、动词不定式作状语二、动词不定式作状语1.不定式作目的状语目的状语，既可位于句首，也可位于句末。Eg:They came here a new life.,they were driven.2.不定式作结果状语结果状语（1）不定式作结果状语时，常用于一些固定搭配中：so.as to do sth.;such.as to do sth.;.enough to do sth.;too
11、.to do sth.。Eg:Could you be kind the window?劳驾你把窗户关上好吗？Im a fool that she is a warm-hearted woman.我真傻，竟以为她是个热心肠的女人。新知讲授新知讲授课堂总结课堂总结学习目标学习目标（2）不定式作结果状语时，常与 only，never 连用，表示一种出乎意料的结果。Eg:Yesterday I went to see him,that he had gone abroad two days before.3.不定式作原因状语原因状语不定式作原因状语主要用在形容词或过去分词后面，表示产生这种情绪的原因
12、。有这样用法的形容词有willing,unwilling,eager,anxious,proud,happy,lucky,fortunate,angry,content,sorry,ready,glad,shocked等。Eg:The author is content a simple life.Im so sorry about your failure on business.We are shocked that he died in the air crash.新知讲授新知讲授课堂总结课堂总结学习目标学习目标Complete the sentences using infinitiv
13、es as the attribute or the adverbial.1.Q:Why is Yang Liwei famous in China?A:Because he is _.(第一个进入太空的中国宇航员).2.Q:How do you feel about the film 2001:A Space Odyssey?A:Im afraid the film is_.(太长太乏味而无法看完).3.Q:Why was the Russian space station Mir brought down out of orbit?A:One of the reasons is that
14、Mir was too old and _ _.(不再是安全的居所).the first Chinese astronaut to go into spacetoo long and boring for me to finishno longer a safe placeto live in新知讲授新知讲授课堂总结课堂总结学习目标学习目标4.Q:Would you like to travel into space some day?A:Yes,and I want to become _.(登陆火星的第一个中国人).5.Q:Could you provide a simple introd
15、uction to how space rockets work?A:Im afraid the whole process is_.(太复杂了，无法用几句话解释清楚).the first Chinese to land on Marstoo complicated to explain in a few words新知讲授新知讲授课堂总结课堂总结学习目标学习目标Rewrite the sentences using infinitives or“in order to/so as to+do”.Change the italicised parts accordingly.Learn fro
16、m the examples.1.In 2003 Yuri Malenchenko became the first person who got married in space.In 2003 Yuri Malenchenko became the first person to get married in space.2.In space,astronauts collect all dirty water so that it can be recycled for later use.In space,astronauts collect all dirty water so as
17、 to recycle it for later use.新知讲授新知讲授课堂总结课堂总结学习目标学习目标Mankind has always been curious about the universe many people have the dream to fly into space one day.Astronauts bones and muscles can get very weak in space due to the lack of gravity,so they need to exercise every day to/in order to/so as to s
18、tay healthy.3.Mankind has always been curious about the universe and many people have dreamt that one day they would fly into space.4.Astronauts bones and muscles can get very weak in space due to the lack of gravity,so they need to exercise every day,which will help them stay healthy.新知讲授新知讲授课堂总结课堂
19、总结学习目标学习目标Astronauts have to use tape to stick everything down while working in space to/in order to/so as to keep everything from floating off.During a spacewalk,astronauts have to move slowly to/in order to/so as to keep their bodies under control.5.Astronauts have to use tape to stick everything
20、down while working in space because everything would float off otherwise.6.During a spacewalk,astronauts have to move slowly so that they can keep their bodies under control.新知讲授新知讲授课堂总结课堂总结学习目标学习目标so as to（do sth.）为了，以便（表示目的）Eg:In space,astronauts collect all dirty water so as to recycle it for lat
21、er use.在太空中，宇航员收集所有的污水，以便回收它供以后使用。Key points归纳拓展动词不定式的一个主要作用是在句中作目的状语。in order to 或so as to 则使目的更加明确。（1）so as to 一般不放在句首，否定形式是so as not to。（2）in order to 可以放在句首或句中，否定形式是in order not to。新知讲授新知讲授课堂总结课堂总结学习目标学习目标lack n.缺乏；短缺 vt.没有；缺乏Eg:Astronauts bones and muscles can get very weak in space due to the
22、lack of gravity.由于缺乏重力，宇航员们的骨头和肌肉在太空会变得很虚弱。归纳拓展lack 作动词时，是及物动词，其后直接接宾语；lack 作名词时，其后接介词of。lacking是形容词，表示“没有，缺乏，不足”，构成搭配：be lacking in.缺乏 the lack of.缺乏 a lack of 缺少 for/because of/through lack of 因为缺乏新知讲授新知讲授课堂总结课堂总结学习目标学习目标即学即练 单句语法填空1.The headmaster said that _ lack of money was a great challenge.2
23、.This evening newspaper is _(lack)in analytical articles.alacking新知讲授新知讲授课堂总结课堂总结学习目标学习目标Complete the passage with the correct forms of the verbs in brackets.Sending people to other planets or even beyond the solar system is not an easy goal _(achieve).One of the problems is that the trip would take
24、 a very long time.For example,_(use)current technology,it would take over two years _(get)to the closest planet,Mars,and back.Although light is the fastest thing _(know)in the universe,it could take more than four years to reach the nearest star system.Will scientists figure out a way _(store)suffic
25、ient food and water for the long journey?Is it possible to travel faster than light?No one knows the answers yet.However,space scientists never give up.They are experimenting with growing crops in space so as _(help)astronauts get enough food on longer journeys through space.to achieveusingto getkno
26、wnto storeto help新知讲授新知讲授课堂总结课堂总结学习目标学习目标beyond prep.在更远处；超出 Eg:Sending people to other planets or even beyond the solar system is not an easy goal to achieve.将人类送往其他行星甚至太阳系之外这个目标并不容易实现。Key points归纳拓展beyond control 失去控制 beyond the reach of 鞭长莫及beyond repair 无法修理 beyond doubt 无疑地；确实beyond belief 难以置信
27、 beyond recognition 认不出来beyond description 难以描述 beyond measure 难以衡量beyond ones power 超出某人的权力beyond sb.对某人来说难以理解；对某人来说很难处理新知讲授新知讲授课堂总结课堂总结学习目标学习目标即学即练 单句语法填空1.Your shoes are worn out and they are _(无法修理).2.Lang Ping is _(无疑)an excellent coach in volleyball.beyond repairbeyond doubt新知讲授新知讲授课堂总结课堂总结学习目标学习目标Now can you summarise the use and function of infinitives?
