1、Attributive ClauseUnit 4 Unit4 Discovering useful structures定语与定语从句The definition of the attribute:1.This is a flower basket.2.This is a basket full of flowers.3.This is a flower basket bought by my friend.4.This is a flower basket that was bought by my friend.定语定语:修饰修饰名词或代词名词或代词的成分，用来说明名词或代词的品质与特征。
2、的成分，用来说明名词或代词的品质与特征。1.1.定语主要有定语主要有形容词，名词，介词短语，非谓语，句子；形容词，名词，介词短语，非谓语，句子；常译为常译为“的的”2.2.在所修饰词之前的定语叫在所修饰词之前的定语叫前置定语前置定语，在所修饰词之后的定语叫，在所修饰词之后的定语叫后置定语后置定语。3.单个的词单个的词作定语时要放于被修饰词的前面，作定语时要放于被修饰词的前面，短语或从句短语或从句作定语时要放于作定语时要放于被修饰词的后面。被修饰词的后面。Definition14定语定语从句从句定语从句定语从句adj.adj.相当于形容词的词、短语或句子，用来修饰、限定说明名词或代相当于形容词的
3、词、短语或句子，用来修饰、限定说明名词或代词的品质或特征。如：词的品质或特征。如：the red laptopthe red laptop从句充当主句的某一成分从句充当主句的某一成分,句子成分完整。句子成分完整。I believe I believe that I can flythat I can fly.充当定语的从句充当定语的从句那是栋大楼。那是栋大楼。That is a building.That is a building.那栋大楼建于那栋大楼建于19811981年。年。That building was built in 1981.That building was built i
4、n 1981.那是栋那是栋建于建于19811981年的年的大楼。大楼。That is a building which was built in 1981.That is a building which was built in 1981.定语从句定语从句He is a teacher who likes playing football.定语从句定语从句:在复合句中，修饰某一在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词名词或代词的的从句从句，其作用相当于其作用相当于形容词形容词。(即：充当定语的从句即：充当定语的从句)先行词：先行词：被定语从句修饰的被定语从句修饰的名词或代词名词或代词。关系词：关系词：
5、引导引导定语从句的词。（引导词）定语从句的词。（引导词）定语从句定语从句likes playing football 关系词关系词teacher先行词先行词 There were buildings which had been destroyed by the earthquake.关系词关系词先行词先行词 The gold medal which she won has been given to her old school.关系词关系词先行词先行词buildingshad been destroyed by the earthquake定语从句定语从句gold medal she wo
6、n 定语从句定语从句Definition17先行词先行词关系词关系词走在关系词前面的词，被修饰的词走在关系词前面的词，被修饰的词中间人：有关系有背景，两边都吃得开！中间人：有关系有背景，两边都吃得开！主句主句从句从句The book that I am reading is interesting.指代先行词指代先行词充当成分充当成分I am the only person who knows the secret.定 语 从 句 的 关 系 词 定语从句的关系词定语从句的关系词定定语语从从句句的的关关系系词词关关系系代代词词关关系系副副词词who whom that which whose
7、aswhere when why 第四单元第五单元 引导定语从句。代替先行词。在定语从句中担当一个成分。This is a flower basket that was bought by my friend.关系代词的用法1.关系代词who The number of people who were killed in the disaster was over 100.He is the athlete(who)I met yesterday.指人：作主语指人：作主语指人：作宾语指人：作宾语总结：关系代词who指人，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。定语从句的关系词2.关系代词whom The b
8、oy(whom)the teacher often praises is their monitor.The girl(whom)the soldier rescued yesterday is Johns sister.The man with whom you talked just now is my captain.总结：(1)关系代词whom指人，在定语从句中作宾语，常可省略，也可用who/that来代替。(2)在从句中作介词的宾语且直接跟在介词后时，用whom，不用who或that。宾语（人）宾语（人）宾语（人）宾语（人）宾语（人）宾语（人）定语从句的关系词3.关系代词whichT
9、here were buildings which had been destroyed by the earthquake.The gold medal(which)she won has been given to her old school.指物：作主语指物：作主语指物：作宾语指物：作宾语总结：关系代词which指物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时可省略。定语从句的关系词4.关系代词that Yesterday I read an article that was about natural disasters.Do you know the girl that is talkin
10、g with our teacher?The woman(that)I read about in the newspaper has just won a gold medal.The report(that)Mr Turner handed in was about the motor race.指物：作主语指物：作主语指人：作主语指人：作主语指人：作宾语指人：作宾语指物：作宾语指物：作宾语总结：that既可以指人，相当于who或whom；也可以指物，相当于which。在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时可省略。定语从句的关系词5.关系代词whose This is the boy whos
11、e parents were killed in the great earthquake.The classroom whose door is broken can hold 40 students.指人：作定语指人：作定语指物：作定语指物：作定语总结：关系代词whose通常指人的，也可指物的，（表示某人的，某物的，先行词和whose后的名词是所属关系）在定语从句中作定语。关关系系代代词词指物和人在从句中作主语或宾语指物在从句中作主语或宾语指人在从句中作主语或宾语在从句中作宾语指人和物在从句中作定语Summarythatwhichwhowhomwhose特 别 提 醒当先行词是物时，只用当
12、先行词是物时，只用thatthat不用不用whichwhich的情况的情况217 先行词是不定代词不定代词或被不定代词所修饰 We should write down everything that he told us.先行词被序数词序数词修饰 The first place that I want to go is the park.先行词被形容词最高级形容词最高级修饰 This is the best film that I have ever seen.先行词被the very,the only修饰 This is the very book that I want to buy.先行
13、词既有人又有物既有人又有物 Look at the people and their cars that are stuck in the traffic jam.前面已出现已出现which Which film that came out last year did you like?当先行词是物时，只用当先行词是物时，只用whichwhich不用不用thatthat的情况的情况218 介词介词+which+which The house in which I used to live has become a shoe shop.逗号逗号+which+which Do you like t
14、his book,which was written by Ben?前面前面已出现已出现thatthat That building which stands in front of me is a library.用 法 区 别在下列情况下，关系词在下列情况下，关系词宜用宜用whowho不宜用不宜用thatthat。(1)当先行词是当先行词是I,you,he,they等等人称代词人称代词或或指人的不定代词指人的不定代词,如如one,ones,anyone时。时。Anyone who does that must be mad.He who doesnt reach the Great Wal
15、l is not a true man.不到长城非好汉。(2)当先行词为当先行词为指人的指人的those时。时。Those who have good manners will be highly respected.特殊情况the way the way 作先行词作先行词I dont like the way(in which/that)you talk to me.如果the way 在定语从句中作状语，其关系词有三种不同的表达方式：the way+in which/that/省略省略 Exercise:Which V.S That2211.Tom is the cleverest boy
16、 _ I have ever known.2.This is the ring on _ she spent 1000 dollars.3.Ive read all the books _ you lend me.4.That dog _ belongs to Tom bit me yesterday.5.Ive never heard of the people and thing _ you talked about just now.6.This is the flower,_ was planted in the park.thatwhichthatwhichwhichthat定 语
17、从 句的 谓 语 动 词定语从句的谓语动词的形式 The suitcase which lies on the ground is hers.lies总结总结1 1：关系代词在定语从句中作主语关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，定语从句的谓语动词要时，定语从句的谓语动词要和先行词和先行词的数保持一致的数保持一致。定语从句的谓语动词的形式 This is one of the books which were written by Charles Dickens.这是查尔斯狄更斯所写的书的其中一本。总结总结2 2：“one ofone of复数名词复数名词”作作先行词，谓语动词用先行词，谓语动词用复数
18、复数形式；形式；were定语从句的谓语动词的形式 He is the only one of the boys in our class who has learned French.他是我们班男生中唯一一个学过法语的。总结总结3 3：“the only one ofthe only one of复数名复数名词词”作先行词，谓语动词用作先行词，谓语动词用单数单数形式。形式。hasdrills1)Here are some of the people _ homes were destroyed by the typhoon2)The terrible shaking of the buildi
19、ng woke up all the people _were asleep.3)The next day,people put up shelters in the open air using anything _ they could find.4)Several days later,most of the buildings _had been damaged by the hurricane were repaired.5）The injured boy _ mother was lost in the disaster was taken to the hospital.that
20、/whichthatwho/thatwhosewhoseP 52drills6.The woman wrote a thank-you letter to the soldier by _she was rescued.7.Is this the young boy _ saved several other students trapped under buildings?8.She says that shell never forget the time _ shes spent working as a secretary in our company.9.On Sundays the
21、re were a lot of children playing in the park,_ parents were seated together joking.who/thatwhomthatwhose28定从造句口诀：写找换连主句、从句主句、从句写两句写两句先行词先行词找相同找相同看人、物看人、物换换（定语）（定语）连词连词连接主句从句连接主句从句连主从连主从四步曲四步曲Usage 关系代词用法关系代词用法用法用法1先行词为物先行词为物用法用法1先行词为物先行词为物用法用法1先行词为物先行词为物Usage 关系代词用法关系代词用法Lets practice 合二为一合二为一 用法用法
22、2先行词为人先行词为人 whoseThe boy is my classmate.The boys father is a policeman.The boy whose father is a policeman is my classmate.Lets practice 合二为一合二为一 drills1.The CCTV reporter is interviewing a woman.2.The woman s family survived the earthquake.(whose)The CCTV reporter is interviewing a woman whose fam
23、ily survived the earthquake.Use an Attributive Clause to combine each pair of sentences.drills1.The people lost everything in the quake.2.We need to help them prepare for the coming winter.(who)We need to help the people who have lost everything in the quake prepare for the coming winter.Use an Attr
24、ibutive Clause to combine each pair of sentences.启动计时器时间到！时间限制：3 分钟启动计时器时间到！120102030405060110100908070时间限制：2 分钟Group workThankThankYou!You!ConclusionConclusionPA R T 4SummarySummary定 语 从 句 解 题 三 步 骤定 语 从 句 解 题 三 步 骤三“分析分析”把先行词代入定从分析先行词在定从中充当的成分找出先行词做主/宾/表/定，选择关系代词一“找找”二“代代”做状语，选择关系副词主/宾/表；人/物whichw
25、howhosethatwhomw h e nwherewhy主/宾/表；物主/宾/表；人宾语；人定语；人/物时间状语地点状语原因状语关系副词与关系代词的区分关系副词与关系代词的区分 The reason _ she gave was not true.This is the reason _ I didnt come.why/for which指时间，地点或原因的先行词在定语从句中：指时间，地点或原因的先行词在定语从句中：作作状语状语时，用关系副词时，用关系副词where/when/why等引导。等引导。which/that指时间，地点或原因的先行词在定语从句中：指时间，地点或原因的先行词在定
26、语从句中：作作主语主语或或宾语宾语时，用关系代词时，用关系代词which或或that引导。引导。1.This is the place _ he works.This is the place _we visited last year.2.That was the time _ he arrived.Do you still remember the time _ we spent together?3.This is the reason _ he went.The reason _ he gave us was quite reasonable.where which/that when
27、that/which why/for which that/which 1.as引导的限制性定语从句：用在固定搭配中，如：引导的限制性定语从句：用在固定搭配中，如：He is not the same man as he was.You may take as many books as you want.The world has been changing at such a high speed as no one has expected.2.as引导非限制性定语从句，指代主句的内容，在从句中做主语或宾语。引导非限制性定语从句，指代主句的内容，在从句中做主语或宾语。The earth,
28、as we all know,goes around the sun.As I have pointed out,it is important to include vegetables in our diet.As we had expected,he changed his mind later.As is often the case,we have worked out the production plan.As is reported in the newspaper,this bank is one of the biggest ones in this city.Just a
29、s Professor Scotti often puts it,(状语从句)success is ninety-nine percent attitude.1.as和和which引导非限制性定语从句的区别。引导非限制性定语从句的区别。非限制性定语从句所修饰的不是某一个词，而是整个主句或是主句中的一个部分，这时一般用which或as来引导。如：He passed the exam,which/as he hoped he would.(1)as引导的从句可以放在主句之前，而which引导的从句只能放在主句之后。They are hollow,which makes them very light.As is known to all,Taiwan is a part of China.(2)从意义上讲，which指前面主句的内容；而as指代的是作为一般人都知道的常识性的东西，“就象 那样”。as有“正如”之意，而which没有此意。(3)如果定语从句的内容对主句的内容起消极作用，则用which，而不用as，如：She stole her friends money,which was disgraceful.He tore up my photo,which upset me.
