1、小题必练5 名词性从句名词性从句是高考常考的语法项目，主要考查对连接词的正确把握。分析历年高考试题不难发现，连接代词what的用法是考查的热点。另外同位语从句中，经常考查that的用法。除此之外，it作形式主语和形式宾语代替主语从句和宾语从句其他连接词的用法以及从句的语序也时有考查。考点1 主语从句（2020江苏卷）It is not a problem _ we can win the battle; its just a matter of time.A. whetherB. whyC. whenD. where【答案】A【解析】考查主语从句。句意：我们能否打赢这场战斗不是问题；这只是时间
2、问题。A. whether是否；B. why为什么；C. when什么时候；D. where在哪里。根据下文its just a matter of time可知，此处指”我们能否打赢这场战斗不是问题”，it是形式主语，whether引导的从句是真正的主语。故选A。【点拨】1that引导的主语从句(1)that引导主语从句时，在从句中不作任何成分，也没有词汇意义，但一般不可省略。(2)that引导主语从句时可用it作形式主语，that不可省略。常见句式主要有以下几种：Itbe形容词(necessary，right，likely，unlikely，wrong，important，certain，
3、clear，obvious，strange，normal等)that从句Itbe名词(短语)(a pity，a shame，good news，a fact，an honour，a wonder，no wonder等)that从句Itbe过去分词(said，told，heard，reported，decided，suggested，advised，ordered，remembered，thought，considered，wellknown，announced等)that从句It特殊动词或短语(seem，appear，happen，matter，turn out，occur to，make n
4、o difference等)that从句2whether/if引导的主语从句主语从句位于主句谓语动作前，表示“是否”，只能用whether。若用it作形式主语，则whether与if可互换。3wh类连接词引导的主语从句wh类连接词包括连接代词(who，whom，whose，what，whoever，whomever，whatever等)和连接副词(when，where，why，how，whenever，wherever，however等)。考点2 表语从句（2018北京）This is _ my father has taught meto always face difficulties a
5、nd hope for the best.A. how B. which C. that D. what【答案】D【解析】句意：没有他的支持，我们是不会在现在这个位置的。how表方式，when表时间，where表地点，why表原因。“_ we are now”是表语从句，结合句子的意思可知，该处指我们所处的位置，故该从句应用where引导。C选项正确。【点拨】可以接表语从句的连系动词有 be, look, remain, seem等等。注意：表语从句的表现形式除了用从属连词，连接代词和连接副词引导以外，还可以由as, as if，as though引导另外还要注意以下常用的两种结构：The r
6、eason whyis that (而不用 because)It (This, That) is because考点3同位语从句（2019江苏卷）Scientists have obtained more evidence _ plastic is finding its way into the human body.A. whatB. thatC. whichD. where【答案】B【解析】考查同位语从句。句意：科学家已经获得更多证据，塑料正在进入人们的体内。从句不缺句子成分，且与evidence指代的是同一事件，用that引导同位语从句。故选B。【点拨】同位语从句一般由 that, w
7、hether 等连词引导，常放在 advice, doubt, fact, hope, idea, information, message, news, order, possibility, problem, question, reason, truth, word, suggestion.等名词的后面，说明该名词的具体内容。考点4 宾语从句（2020天津卷）The student completed this experiment to make come true _ Professor Joseph had said.A. thatB. whatC. whenD. where【答案
8、】B【解析】考查名词性从句。句意：为了使约瑟夫教授所说的成为现实，这个学生完成了这个实验。_ Professor Joseph had said作make的宾语从句，该从句中，空处在从句中作said的宾语，表示”所说的话”，因此应用what引导该从句。故选B。【点拨】宾语从句可以作及物动词的宾语，介词的宾语，某些形容词的宾语以及非谓语动词的宾语。及物动词后的宾语从句：介词后的宾语从句：某些形容词后的宾语从句：非谓语动词后的宾语从句：关于形式宾语it一、单句语法填空1.What students do at college seems to matter much more than _ the
9、y go.【答案】where【解析】考查宾语从句。句意：学生在大学里做什么似乎比去哪里（哪所大学）更重要。这里表达去哪所大学，表示地点，作状语。故用where。2.Over thousands of years，they began to depend less on could be hunted or gathered from the wild, and more on animals they had raised and crops they had sown.【答案】what【解析】考查名词性从句。句意：在几千年的时间里，他们开始减少对我们从野外采集的猎物的依赖，而更多地依赖他们饲
10、养的动物和播种的庄稼。分析句子，宾语从句部分缺主语，所以引导词应为“连接代词”。根据句意，此处缺“什么”之意。故填what。3. While they are rare north of 88,there is evidence _ they range all the way across the Arctic, and as far south as James Bay in Canada.【答案】that【解析】考查同位语从句。根据句子结构分析可知，主句为there be句型，且结构完整，空格后为同位语从句，解释说明中心词evidence的内容，故填that。4.It is possib
11、le _ caffeine may cause birth defects (缺陷) in humans, too.【答案】that【解析】分析句子结构可知，该句是一个主从复合句，it作形式主语，that从句为真正的主语。5. She asked me_ I had returned the books to the library, and I admitted that I hadnt.【答案】whether/if【解析】句意：她问我是否已经把书还给图书馆了，我承认说我还没有还。分析句子结构可知，空格处引导宾语从句，且在从句中不作任何成分，只起连接作用；又根据句意可知此处表示“是否”，故用
12、whether或if引导宾语从句。6.The most pleasant thing of the rainy season is_ one can be entirely free from dust.【答案】that【解析】句意：雨季最令人高兴的事情就是人们可以完全远离灰尘。分析句子结构可知，本句包含一个表语从句，且表语从句中句子结构完整，故使用that引导表语从句，that在表语从句中不作句子成分，只起连接作用。7. The manager put forward a suggestion _ we should have an assistant. There is too much
13、work to do.【答案】that【解析】句意：经理提出了一个建议，我们应该有一个助手。工作太多了。分析句子结构可知，空处引导同位语从句，解释说明suggestion的具体内容，故填that。8.It is often the case_ anything is possible for those who hang on to hope.【答案】that【解析】句意：通常情况下，对于那些坚持希望的人来说，一切皆有可能。空处引导主语从句，从句中不缺少任何成分且意思完整，故使用that引导。9.Im not sure_ is more frightened, me or the female
14、 gorilla (大猩猩) that suddenly appears out of nowhere.【答案】who【解析】分析句子成分，空格处作从句的主语，根据后面的“me or the female gorilla”可知，作者把自己和大猩猩作对比，表示“我不知道我和大猩猩谁更害怕”，故填who。10.This is _ my father has taught me to always face difficulties and hope for the best. 【答案】where【解析】句意：要是没有他的帮助，我们就不会是现在的情形了。空处引导表语从句，表示的是具有抽象意义的地点，
15、故用where引导。11.Without his support, we wouldnt be_ we are now. 【答案】whoever【解析】句意：这块金牌将颁发给在这场自行车比赛中获得第一名的人。从句中缺主语且表示“人”，因此填whoever引导宾语从句并在从句中作主语。12.The gold medal will be awarded to _ wins the first place in the bicycle race. 【答案】what【解析】句意：这就是父亲教给我的永远面对困难并且寄予最大的希望。表语从句中动词taught缺少直接宾语，且表示“的东西”，故填what。1
16、3.By boat is the only way to get here, which is_we arrived. 【答案】how【解析】句意：坐船是到达这里唯一的方式，我们就是这样来的。how 引导表语从句，表示方式。14.Every year, _ makes the most beautiful kite will win a prize in the Kite Festival.【答案】whoever【解析】句意：每年，在风筝节上，制作出最漂亮风筝的人将会获奖。根据句子结构和句意可知，主语从句中缺少表示人的主语，故填whoever。15.Jane moved aimlessly d
17、own the treelined street, not knowing_she was heading.【答案】where【解析】句意：简在绿树成荫的街道漫无目的地走着，不知道她要去哪里。本句考查名词性从句中的宾语从句，根据句意和句子结构可知，宾语从句中缺少表示地点的连词，故填where。16.We choose this hotel because the price for a night here is down to $20, half of_it used to charge.【答案】what【解析】句意：我们选择这家宾馆是因为这里住一晚上的价格降到了20美元，这是它以前要价的一
18、半。此处考查宾语从句的引导词，在of后面what既引导宾语从句，又在从句中作charge的宾语。17.Your support is important to our work._ you can do helps.【答案】Whatever【解析】句意：你们的支持对我们的工作很重要，你们做的任何事情都有帮助。根据句意和结构可知，whatever引导的是主语从句，主语从句中缺少谓语动词do的宾语，表示事物，故用Whatever引导。18.As natural architects, the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly _ thick the adobe
19、walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days.【答案】how【解析】分析句子结构可知，空格处是一个宾语从句。空格后的thick为形容词，因此空格处应用副词，故填how。19.I didnt understand _ this would happen and my credit card had already been charged for the reservation.【答案】why【解析】根据语境可知，“我”不知道/不明白为什么会发生这样的事情。不明白的一定是原因，故用why引导宾语从句。20.We must find
20、out _Karl is coming, so we can book a room for him. 【答案】when【解析】分析句子结构可知，空格处是一个宾语从句，再由句意：我们必须清楚卡尔什么时候会来，以便我们可以为他订房。可知，这里用when引导宾语从句。二、语法填空When Herman Kambugu received the good news he was expecting, he did something unusual. He ran for 32km in 1 (celebrate).Kambugu, who works for the Standard Charte
21、red Bank(StanChart) in Uganda, was among the over 86,000 employees around the world who had attempted2 (take) part in a relay across Belt and Road countries as a way to see how the Belt and Road Initiative(一带一路)is developing. Kambugu and seven more of his coworkers in StanCharts offices around the w
22、orld visited 44 destinations along the Belt and Road routes,3 helped them understand the initiative better.Kambugu4 (witness) how the Belt and Road Initiative is changing life for 5 better in East Africa so far, “The Mombasa-Nairobi Railway has not only shortened transportation time, but also create
23、d over 20,000 jobs for local people in Kenya,”he said. Serena Leung from the Hong Kong office said6 she had seen during her journey impressed7 (she). In some places, people greeted them in Mandarin. They spoke it 8 (fluently) than some people from Hong Kong, she said jokingly.“By running together, w
24、e run further,” added Therese Neo, a customer manager from the Singapore office. As she saw it, the countries 9 (participate) in the Belt and Road Initiative were like the 10 (runner). When they join forces, they have a better shared future.【答案】1. celebration2. to take3. which4. has witnessed5. the6
25、. what7. her8. more fluently9. participating10. runners【解析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了“一带一路”沿线国家的接力赛跑让人们了解“一带一路”倡议的发展情况。1.考查名词。句意：他跑了32公里以示庆祝。作介词in的宾语用名词，故填celebration。2.考查不定式。句意：在乌干达渣打银行工作的坎布古是世界各地逾8.6万名试图参加“一带一路”沿线国家的接力活动，以了解“一带一路”倡议的发展情况中员工的一员。attempt to do表示试图去做，故填to take。3.考查非限定性定语从句。句意：坎布古和渣打银行全球办公室的另外7名同事参观
26、了“一带一路”沿线的44个目的地，这帮助他们更好地理解这一倡议。此处为非限定性定语从句，关系词指代整个主句内容并在从句中作主语，故填which。4.考查时态。句意：坎布古见证了“一带一路”倡议迄今如何让东非人民的生活变得更好。此处强调过去的动作对现在的影响，根据so far可知应该用现在完成时，故填has witnessed。5.考查定冠词。change.for the better表示“让变得更好”，故填the。6.考查主语从句。句意：香港办事处的梁淑芬说，她一路上所看到的景象给她留下了深刻的印象。此处为主语从句，从句中的seen缺少宾语，故填what。7.考查代词。作动词impressed的宾语用宾格形式，故填her。8.考查副词比较级。句意：他们的普通话说得比有些香港人还流利。than表明此处用副词比较级形式，故填more fluently。9.考查非谓语动词。句意：在她看来，参与“一带一路”倡议的国家就像赛跑者一样。countries与participate之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，表示主动，用现在分词作后置定语，故填participating。10.考查名词复数。runner是可数名词，此处用复数表示泛指，故填runners。
