1、Learning About LanguageGrammar语态及用法主动被动用法动词-ing形式一般式完成式一般式完成式主语宾语 表语 定语状语补语doinghaving donebeing donehaving been done动词-ed形式done Discovering the form(Para 1)For both of them,the thought of crossing the whole country by trail was exciting.(Para 2)They were pleased to see the beautiful mountains looki
2、ng out over the city.(Para 5)However,they did not anticipate seeing such an open country,and were truly amazed.1.What is ing/-ed form used as?Comparing the usage(Para 1)For both of them,the thought of crossing the whole country by trail was exciting.(Para 2)They were pleased to see the beautiful mou
3、ntains looking out over the city.(Para 5)However,they did not anticipate seeing such an open country,and were truly amazed.-ing form as a predicative is used to _while-ed form is to .describe feelings describe places,things,or peopleDescribe feelings Describe places,things,or people1.A:Are you in vi
4、siting the newly built museum downtown？B:Not really.Id rather go to the new theme park,which is more .2.A:Dont you think that dog is?Better not get close to it.B:Actually,I think that the dog is just because there are so many people around.3.A:Do you feel after a whole days hike along the river.B:Ye
5、s.It is so that Im almost worn out.P83 Ex1interestedinterestedinterestinginterestingfrighteningfrighteningfrightenedfrightenedtiredtiredtiringdisappointeddisappointingexcitedexcitingtiringamazedamazing1.We became when thinking about those beautiful locations in Finland.We expected to experience a lo
6、t of things there.2.We went to bed as soon as we arrived at the hotel because we wereso .The eight-hour train ride was quite .3.I was not with the hotel.It was not as clean as I had expected.But we had a meal at the hotels restaurant,so I felt a bit Better later on.4.It was raining hard the next day
7、,so we just stayed in the hotel and watched TV.Sadly,the TV programmes that day were really .As we had nothing to do,we felt pretty .bore excite tire satisfyP41 Ex2excitedexcitingtiredtiringsatisfiedsatisfyingboringboredSummarizing the usage(Para3)Looking at the beautiful scenery,they both agreed th
8、at it was the most awesome journey they had ever taken.(Para3)Seen from the train window,the mountains and forests of Canada looked massive.1.What is ed/ing form used as?Discovering the function(Para3)Looking at the beautiful scenery,they both agreed that it was the most awesome journey they had eve
9、r taken.(Para3)Seen from the train window,the mountains and forests of Canada looked massive.-ing as an adverbial is used to .-ed as an adverbial is used to .-ing形式则表示主动关系。形式则表示主动关系。-ed形式与其逻辑主语之间时被动关系形式与其逻辑主语之间时被动关系1The girls were to see such an open country.The farms covered a very large area，which
10、 was .第一空描述主语the girls看到一大片空旷土地时的心理状态第二空描述的是一片空旷土地给人的感受姑娘们看到如此辽阔的国度甚为惊讶。这些农场面积之大令人惊讶。2Going into the wilderness alone can be .Do you feel when going into the wilderness alone?frighteningfrightened独自一人进入荒野可能会令人恐惧。你一个人进入荒野感到恐惧吗？第一空描述独自一人进入荒野给人的感受第二空描述主语一个人进入荒野的心理状态amazedamazing P41 Ex1see frighten hea
11、d amaze P41 Ex1see frighten head amaze 3_from the top of the mountain，the scenery was really fascinating._ the scenery from the top of the mountain，I was fascinated by the autumn colours.SeenSeeing从山顶往下望，景色令人非常着迷。我在山顶看风景，被秋天绚烂的色彩深深吸引。4 _ eastwards，you will pass the Canadian Rockies.Finally，the compa
12、ny_ by its new managerstarted to make a profit.Headingheaded 往东，你会经过加拿大落基山脉。最终，在新经理的带领下，公司开始获利。第一空的主语是you，“you”与“head”之间是主动关系第二空的主语是the company，“the company”与“head”之间是被动关系第一空的主语是the scenery，“景色”与“从山顶上看”之间是被动关系第二空的动作主语是I，I与“从山顶上看景色”之间是主动关系过去分词与动词-ing形式的用法和意义(1)作表语 过去分词表示人或物的心情或状态等，也可以理解为心情或状态受到外界影响，有
13、“感到”之意 动词-ing形式则表示人或物的自身特征，有“令”之意。(2)作状语 过去分词与其逻辑主语之间是被动关系，往往表示完成 动词-ing形式与其逻辑主语之间是主动关系，一般表示动作正在进行。SummaryRewrite the sentences.Add information as necessary.1 Butchart Gardens was transformed from a quarry.It has now become a famous destination for travellers.2 If you compare Quebec City with other
14、cities in Canada，it seems more like a charming European village.EXAMPLE When people asked the man what the trip meant to him，he said it was“an experience of a lifetime”.When asked what the trip meant to him，the man said it was“an experience of a lifetime”.Transformed from a quarry，Butchart Gardens h
15、as now become a famous destination for travellers.Compared with other cities in Cana-da，Quebec City seems more like a charming European village.P41 Ex 3Rewrite the sentences.Add information as necessary.P41 Ex 33 They did not know where to start their sightseeing in Luoyang，so they went to the Touri
16、st Information Centre.4 When they heard that the Sea-to-Sky Highway was Canadas most scenic（13）drive，they made West Vancouver their first destination.Not knowing where to start their sightseeing in Luoyang，they went to the Tourist Information Centre.Hearing that the Sea-to-Sky High-way was Canadas m
17、ost scenic drive，they made West Vancouver their first destination.英语中有很多与感觉有关的使令动词，其现在分词表示主动意义，即英语中有很多与感觉有关的使令动词，其现在分词表示主动意义，即“令令人人的的”，多用来修饰物，多用来修饰物；其过去分词表示被动意义，即；其过去分词表示被动意义，即“感到感到的的”，多用来修饰人、人的声音或表情等，多用来修饰人、人的声音或表情等。常用的这类词：。常用的这类词：amazing 令人惊讶的 amazed 惊讶的 exciting 令人激动的 excited 激动的 inspiring 鼓舞人心 i
18、nspired 受鼓舞的 encouraging 令人鼓舞的 encouraged 受鼓舞的 surprising 令人吃惊的 surprised 吃惊的 astonishing 令人惊讶的 astonished 感到惊讶的 disappointing 令人失望的 disappointed 感到失望的 interesting 有趣的 interested 感兴趣的1 1 过去分词作表语过去分词作表语Summarizing the usage frightening 令人害怕的 moving 感人的 frightened 受惊的 moved 感动的 pleasing 令人高兴的 shocking
19、 令人震惊的 pleased 高兴的 shocked 感到震惊的 tiring 令人疲惫的 worrying 令人担心的 tired 疲惫的 worried 担心的 satisfying 令人满意的 puzzling 令人迷惑的 satisfied 感到满意的 puzzled 困惑的Summary(1)I am totally（confuse）.Could you explain that finding again?(2)The setting of the novel is very（confuse）and I hasnt grasped it.(3)They asked me so ma
20、ny questions that I got _（confuse）and didnt know how to answer them.(4)We are all at the fact that he has made a _ transformation.（surprise）(5)It is normal to feel（tire）after a long journey.confusedconfusingconfusedsurprised tired surprisingPractice(6)What he said was and I was totally .（embarrass）(
21、7)He was so（frustrate）and _（disappoint）at the news that he failed to be admitted to his dream university.(8)He felt（convince）of his assessment of the current situation.(9)A lot of people have no awareness to recycle，which is really _ and many environmentalists feel _ about it.（worry）(10)Im（frighten）
22、of walking home alone in the dark.embarrassing frustrated convincedworrying frightened embarrassed disappointed worriedPractice1.Caught in a heavy rain in Vancouver,they were all wet.Because they were caught in a heavy rain in Vancouver,Because they took a boat ride out into the bay,-ed-ed和-ing-ing形
23、式做状语时，可表示原因，-ed-ed形式与其逻辑主语之间时被动关系，而-ing-ing形式则表示主动关系。2.Taking a boat ride out into the bay,they could see marvelous scenery.Summarizing the usageVancouverbay3.When passing through the Canadian Rockies,they saw beautiful mountains and forests.When they were passing through the Canadian Rockies,When/I
24、f they are given another chance,-ed-ed和-ing-ing形式做状语时，也可表示时间或条件，-ed-ed形式与其逻辑主语之间时被动关系，而-ing-ing形式则表示主动关系。4.When/If given another chance,they will pay a visit to Vancouver once more.5.A plane trip to Vancouver is thrilling for Li Daiyu,followed by a train one.-ed-ed和-ing-ing形式做状语时，还可表示伴随，-ed-ed形式与其逻辑
25、主语之间是被动关系，而-ing-ing形式则表示主动关系。6.The two girls arose early to take the train to Lake Louise,passing through the Canadian Rockies.A plane trip to Vancouver is thrilling for Li Daiyu and then it is followed by a train one.The two girls arose early to take the train to Lake Louise and at the same time,th
26、ey passed through the Canadian Rockies.过去分词作状语，表示时间、条件、原因、让步时可以转化为相应的状语从句；表示方式、结果和伴随时可转化为并列分句。其逻辑主语通常是句子的主语，与主语是被动关系。（1）过去分词作状语，它的逻辑主语必须和句子的主语相一致。If caught，the police will punish the thief.误 If caught，the thief will be punished by the police.正 小偷如果被抓，会受到警方的惩罚。（2）过去分词作状语时，其前面可以带有相应的连词，如 when，though，a
27、lthough，as if，if，unless，until，once 等，表时间、让步、条件、方式等。If（I am）invited，I will attend the wedding of my friend.如果受到邀请，我会参加我朋友的婚礼。学法点拨学法点拨2 2 过去分词作状语过去分词作状语1.And when he saw the mists rising from the river and the soft clouds _(surround)the mountain tops,he was reduced to tears.(2020新课标全国卷III)2.Oranges:Or
28、ange trees are more than decoration;they are a symbol of good fortune and wealth.They make great gifts and you see them many times _(decorate)with red envelopes and messages of good fortune.(2020新课标全国卷II)surroundingdecorated3.All the football players on the playground cheered loudly,_(say)that I had
29、 a talent for football.(2019全国卷I)4.Earth Day,_(mark)on 22 April,is an annual event aiming to raise public awareness about environmental protection.(2019北京)sayingmarked1.One of the windows is _(broke).2._(look)out of the window,we saw a cat walking along the wall.3.He looked _(puzzle)so I repeated th
30、e question.4.She was _(surprise)to find the fridge empty;the children had eaten everything!5._(build)thirty years ago,the house looks very beautiful.6._(born)in a poor family,he had to work when he was young.7.He walked slowly in the forest,_(follow)by a dog.8.The national park has a large collectio
31、n of wildlife,_(range)from butterflies to elephants.9._(see)from the hill,you will find the city looks like a big garden.10._(see)from the hill,the city looks like a big garden.1.One of the windows is _(broke).2._(look)out of the window,we saw a cat walking along the wall.3.He looked _(puzzle)so I r
32、epeated the question.4.She was _(surprise)to find the fridge empty;the children had eaten everything!5._(build)thirty years ago,the house looks very beautiful.brokenLookingpuzzledsurprisedBuilt6._(born)in a poor family,he had to work when he was young.7.He walked slowly in the forest,_(follow)by a d
33、og.8.The national park has a large collection of wildlife,_(range)from butterflies to elephants.9._(see)from the hill,you will find the city looks like a big garden.10._(see)from the hill,the city looks like a big garden.BornfollowedrangingSeeingSeen【学法点拨】分词作状语记忆口诀分词作状语记忆口诀 分词作状语，主语是问题。逗号前后两动作，共用一主语。主语找出后，再来判关系。主动用-ing，被动用-ed。having done 表先后，千万要牢记。Grammar
