1、Reading for writingSpace ExplorationReading for Structure1 What genre is this article?2 What is the issue(议题议题)?3 What is the argument of the writer?Its an argumentative essay.Is exploring space a waste or not?Exploring space helps us a lot.4 What grounds of argument are there?Three grounds are prov
2、ided.5 What is the conclusion of the writer?Exploring space provides t h e w o r l d w i t h m a n y different benefits.Which is the structure of the passage?A B C D Introduction body body body Conclusion Introduction:GeneralGrounds of argument:SpecificConclusion:GeneralPara1Para2Para3Para4 Para5,ex
3、ploring space has already made a difference in the fight against world hunger.,space exploration has already promoted technological improvements that benefit us all.,sending astronauts into space has helped people to think about the worlds problems and even to find ways to solve them.Some people arg
4、ue that we should stop.However,others feel this is a shallow view.,exploring space provides the world with many different benefits.Introduction Body Conclusion Different viewpoints1.Ground 1 2.Ground 2 3.Ground 3 1.What is the main idea of the passage?It is to present an idea that exploring space _.
5、2.Whats the authors attitude to exploring space？A.Supportive.B.Objective.C.Neutral.D.Negative.helps us in many ways/benefits us a lot However,others feel this is a view which fails to realise how exploring space helps us.Read for comprehension Para 2 Firstly,exploring space has already made a differ
6、ence in the f i g h t a g a i n s t w o r l d h u n g e r.It has directly resulted in the many satellites that now orbit Earth.A number of the satellites record data on land and weather patterns.Then the data is transmitted to scientists on Earth.After careful analysis,the scientists can provide use
7、ful recommendations and advice for farmers.As a result,space-based science has helped farming in its efforts to grow e n o u g h f o o d t o f e e d E a r t h s increasing population.首句即本段主题句首句即本段主题句By explaining How does the writer support the argument?Para 3 Secondly,space exploration has already
8、promoted technological improvements that benefit us all.High-end products around the world are made to a higher standard now because of advanced technology which was first created to meet the requirements for space exploration.For example,space technologies have helped the research and development o
9、f different types of new material.They have also h e l p e d c o m p a n i e s m a k e b e t t e r heart monitors and other machines that doctors regularly use.Today,space technologies are widely used in all kinds of industries,and everyday products such as GPS,memory foam(乳胶泡沫乳胶泡沫)pillows,and smart
10、phone cameras are changing our lives.首句即本段主题句首句即本段主题句By giving examples How does the writer support his argument?Para 4 Finally,sending astronauts into space has helped people to think about the worlds problems and even to find ways to solve them.Seeing pictures of our planet as an island in a black
11、 sea made people realise that our planets resources are limited.In order to provide for such a rapidly increasing population,scientists are trying to find other planets that could one day be our new home.The greatest attention at present is on Mars because it is closer to Earth.In the future humans
12、may live on both planets.首句即本段主题句首句即本段主题句By providing facts How did the author show the supporting details?Para 5 In closing,exploring space provides the world with many different benefits.Therefore,it should continue so as to provide new and better solutions to peoples short-term and long-term prob
13、lems.结尾重申主题 首尾呼应首尾呼应1 Read the argumentative essay about space exploration and answer the questions.P.451 Why are some people space exploration?2 What has space exploration food production?3 did the pictures of Earth from space make?4 does space exploration that people use nowadays?Because they thin
14、k it is a waste of time and money,and that we should feed the worlds poor and find immediate solutions to other problems,such as pollution and fatal diseases,instead.Satellites study land and weather patterns.These studies help farmers grow more crops and warn them about natural disasters before the
15、y occur.They made people realise that our planets resources are limited.Advanced technology developed for space exploration has promoted technological improvements that benefits us all by allowing products to be made to a higher standard.2 Study the organisation and language features.1 Read the firs
16、t paragraph and underline the different opinions about space exploration.2 Find the three topic sentences that summarise the writers arguments about space exploration.3 Underline the sentence that repeats the writers opinion in the last paragraph.P.45 Some people argue that we should stop wastingtim
17、e and money exploring space.However,othersfeel this is a shallow view which fails to realise howexploring space helps us.P.453 Use what you have learnt to write about your opinion about space exploration.1 Are these arguments for or against exploring space?Put them in the table below.Then add your o
18、wn ideas and write your essay.A There are a lot of unsolved mysteries on Earth.So why are we going into space to explore?B It is necessary to find a new home for people in space,as the resources on Earth will run out.C I cannot understand spending all this money on expensive research and experiments
19、 when so many people need food.D Exploring space encourages scientists to improve technology that can help people in other ways,too.B It is necessary to find a new home for people in space,as the resources on Earth will run out.D Exploring space encourages scientists to improve technology that can h
20、elp people in other ways,too.A There are a lot of unsolved mysteries on Earth.So why are we going into space to explore?C I cannot understand spending all this money on expensive research and experiments when so many people need food.Tips on writing an argumentative essay When writing an argumentati
21、ve essay,we should:1.Introduce the opposing positions about a topic(导入话题的对立立场)2.Develop your arguments in detail,presenting your own position about the topic,providing suitable supporting evidence and reasoning to convince the readers of your position(提出自己对话题的立场和支持性的论据)3.Conclude your argument by su
22、mmarizing and reflecting on the arguments made in the body,stressing the importance of your argumentLanguage studya waste of 浪费浪费/埋没埋没/糟蹋了糟蹋了 (时间、金钱、才能时间、金钱、才能)a waste of space 废物、饭桶废物、饭桶 e.g.Being unemployed is such a waste of your talents.Some meetings are a complete waste of time.表达：失业简直是埋没了你的才能。
23、有的会议完全是浪费时间。mission C(达成目的的系列达成目的的系列)任务任务；(重要的任务重要的任务)使命使命 mission accomplished 大功告成大功告成 e.g.It is quite a mission to build a space station.Our mission is to recover the stolen plans.表达：建设空间站是一项艰巨的任务。我们的任务是找回被盗的设计图。whether or conj.(表示选择的连接两个并列成分表示选择的连接两个并列成分)是否、不管是是否、不管是 还是还是 e.g.Well find out wheth
24、er it turns out to be a good idea or a bad one.I wonder whether hell decide to stay or transfer to another school.表达：我们会搞清楚这个点子是是好还是还是坏。我不知道他将决定留下来还是转到另一学校。_ _argue vi.(with sb.about/over sth.)争论、争吵争论、争吵 vi.&vt.(提出论据)论证、说明论证、说明e.g.The children argued with each other about/over which TV programme to
25、watch.He argued that teachers be allowed to use mobile phones in class.表达：孩子们相互为为看哪一个电视节目而争吵争吵。他提出理由说应该允许老师课堂使用手机。_随时注意各种随时注意各种搭配搭配(尤其是主谓一致尤其是主谓一致)语言就是语言就是和和两方面的搭配两方面的搭配such as+n.prep.诸如诸如 for example prep.(独立成分，可接完整的句子)e.g.Subjects such as Chinese,maths and English are compulsory in high schools.We
26、sterners live on foods such as meat and milk.Your bed,will record how well you sleep every night.表达：诸如语文、数学、英语这些科目是中学的必修的。西方人以诸如肉类和牛奶的食品为主食。_例如，你的床会记录你每晚的睡眠质量。such as 接在复数名词后，接在复数名词后，as后不能加逗号，可接一后不能加逗号，可接一 个或几个名词，不接句子个或几个名词，不接句子for example后面紧接逗号，所举的例子可以是词语或句子，可置于句首、句中或句末，与所举的例子一起能独立成句能独立成句 定语从句的引导词主
27、要取决于其在从句中的作用，当其在从句中作主语等代词能定语从句的引导词主要取决于其在从句中的作用，当其在从句中作主语等代词能充当的成分时，用关系代词。充当的成分时，用关系代词。因为定语从句的关系代词本身不体现单复数，所以因为定语从句的关系代词本身不体现单复数，所以时，从句的谓语动词的人称和数取决于先行词。时，从句的谓语动词的人称和数取决于先行词。_make a difference；有作用；有作用/影响；有所作为影响；有所作为 make no difference 没差别、没关系没差别、没关系 e.g.Every effort will make a difference.A little co
28、ntribution from everyone will make a big difference.Work hard day after day and you will surely make a difference.It makes no difference to his happiness where he lives.(It doesnt make any difference)表达：每一次努力都会。人人做一点贡献，世界就会。_天天努力，你一定会。住在哪里对他的幸福。fight against 对抗对抗、与、与作斗争；反对作斗争；反对e.g.People all over t
29、he world should unite to fight against American bullying.Medical workers have played a great role in the fight against the COVID-19.表达：全世界的人民应团结起来美国霸凌。医务人员在新冠疫情战斗中作用巨大。_ _pattern (事物反复出现的事物反复出现的)模式模式 样板；范例、榜样；样本；样板；范例、榜样；样本；花样、图案花样、图案、式样、式样e.g.Weather patterns have changed in recent years.This child
30、 doesnt show a normal pattern of development.Sentences in English usually follow fixed patterns.His success has set a pattern for others to follow.表达：近年气候变了。这个孩子表现出不正常的成长。_英语中的句子必须遵循固定。他的成功为后人树立了效仿的/。transmit vt.(用无线电)传送、发送、转播传送、发送、转播(信号等)；传染、传播；传染、传播(疾病)e.g.The Olympic Games are usually transmitted
31、 live by satellite to the whole world.It is immoral to transmit AIDS to others intentionally.表达：奥运会常常用卫星向全世界实况。故意把艾滋病给他人时不道德的。_单个的非谓语动词短语或从句作主语时，主句的谓语动词用单数单个的非谓语动词短语或从句作主语时，主句的谓语动词用单数_ _ _provide for 供养供养(人)；防备、满足；防备、满足(某事物)e.g.In order to provide for the family,he has to deliver takeout early and l
32、ate.Youd better equip yourself with more skills to provide for the changing demands.表达：为了全家，他得早出晚归地送外卖。你最好掌握更多技能，以便不断变化的要求。_in clos 最后(近义词:to sum up,all in all,in summary,to conclude,to summarize,finally)e.g.In closing,Id like to take this opportunity to thank you all for your help over the years.In
33、 closing,I wish you good health and all the best.表达：，我想借此机会谢谢大家多年来的帮助。，顺祝大家身体健康万事如意。_meet a need/demand/requirement/condition/standard 需要需要/需求需求/要求；要求；条件条件/标准标准e.g.The company failed to meet the workers for higher wages.Athletes participating in the Olympic Games must meet the required standards.meet a deadline 如期完成 meet a goal/target 目的/目标表达：公司未能工人加薪的要求。参加奥运会的选手必须要求的标准。_
