1、Unit 1 Science and Scientists Period 1 Reading and thinking 教学设计The theme of this section is understanding the questioning mind. By guiding students to analyze John Snows process and methods of exploring the source of cholera, cutting off the source of infection, and finally preventing the epidemic
2、of cholera, the textbook urges them to think about and sort out the basic steps and common methods of scientific research, and understand the important role of questioning spirit in scientific research.This paper is a narrative text that describes the development process of events in chronological o
3、rder.The steps of scientific research are the hidden clue of the article. The first paragraph introduces the background of the research. The second paragraph is the first stage of scientific research, that is, raising the question: there were two views on the source of cholera at that time. The foll
4、owing third paragraph describes the research process adopted by Snow: collecting data, analyzing results, finding further evidence, and finally reaching a conclusion. Snow came up with a scientific and effective way to map cholera cases. He marked the residences of all the patients who died of chole
5、ra on the map, so that the residences with high mortality could be seen obviously. Snow found that residents of zero death homes did not have water from a pump because they received free beer. As a result, snow suspected that the pump was the problem. Supported by another case, snow concluded that t
6、he water in the pump carried cholera bacteria. He immediately had the pump handle removed, cutting off the transmission of cholera. The fourth paragraph reveals the truth about the spread of cholera. It has been proved that the water in Broad Street is polluted by waste, and people who drink such wa
7、ter will greatly increase the probability of getting sick. The last paragraph describes Snows contribution to the control of cholera transmission. Thanks to snows tireless efforts, people began to drink clean water, and the threat of cholera was significantly reduced worldwide. His research results
8、and research methods are also of practical significance to the prevention of cholera today, and cholera map has become a classic case of epidemiological research, so snow has won the reputation of father of epidemiology.1. Leading students to read about how John Snow defeated “King Cholera”2. Guidin
9、g students to analyze John Snows scientific process and methods of defeating the epidemic of cholera3. Instructing stuendents to figure out the basic scientific research steps, and understand the important role of questioning spirit in scientific research.4. Instructing students to understand the im
10、portant role of questioning spirit in scientific research.5. Encouraging students to solve the reading tasks by thinking logically and cooperating with peers.1.Enable students to work out the stages of scientific research.2.Cultivate students to form the spirits of raising new questions.Lead inName
11、some famous scientists you know and share some details about them. The teacher can show some some pictures about some famous scientists with the help of the multimedia. If it is too difficult, the teacher can inspire students by asking some questions. Take Charles Darwin for example, the teacher can
12、 show a picture about him and then ask a question:Who wrote a book explaining how animals and plants developed as the environment changed? Pre-reading:Look at the picture, the title and the map, guess what the content of the text is. Then skim it quickly to see if you are right.key: The text is main
13、ly about John Snow and how he defeated king cholera.Step 1: Read the text quickly and find out what order would you put the seven stages in?_analyze the results _ask a question_ draw a conclusion _ collect data _ find a problem _ think of a method_ find supporting evidence Key: 1. find a problem 2.
14、ask a question 3. think of a method 4. collect data 5. analyze the results 6. find supporting evidence 7. draw a conclusionStep 2: Read the text quickly and find out the answers to the following questions.1. Whats the purpose of the text?2. What inspired John Snow according to the first paragraph?3.
15、 Whats the use of John Snows map in his research?4. How did John Snow feel about the cause of cholera after he finished the map?5. Why was cholera called “King Cholera” in the text?keys:1. To tell us how John Snow found the cause of cholera and the cure for it.2. To destroy Cholera once and for all.
16、3. To help him find the reason of the cholera outbreak by marking the residences of all the patients.4. Unsure; he suspected that the water pump was to blame. Thus, he needed more supporting proof.5. Because cholera was the most deadly disease of its day.Step 3： Read the passage again and complete t
17、he chart below.At was believed that cholera was caused by bad _1_or germs in_2_（A）Snow _3_the places where the people who _4_had lived.(B)1. Many deaths occurred near the _5_in Broad Street.2. Some people _6_drunk the water from the pump, and lived.3. A woman and her daughter died in another part of
18、 London after_7_. (C)The _9_of the pump was removed.(E)The pump water carried _8_(D)keys: 1. air 2. food or water 3. marked 4. died 5.water pump 6. had not 7. moving away from Broad Street 8. cholera germs 9. handle.Step 4：Match the following headers with the letters from the chart above. write A-E
19、in the blanks.1. conclusion_2. evidence _3. process_4. solution _5. theories_keys: 15: DCBEAStep 5： After learning the text, discuss with your peers about the following questions:1.John Snow believed Idea 2 was right. How did he finally prove it?2. Do you think John Snow would have solved this probl
20、em without the map?3. Cholera is a 19th century disease. What disease do you think is similar to cholera today?SARS and Covid-19 because they are both deadly and fatally infectious, have an unknown cause and need serious public health care to solve them urgently.keys:1. John Snow finally proved his
21、idea because he found an outbreak that was clearly related to cholera, collected information and was able to tie cases outside the area to the polluted water.2. No. The map helped John Snow organize his ideas. He was able to identify those households that had had many deaths and check their water-dr
22、inking habits. He identified those houses that had had no deaths and surveyed their drinking habits. The evidence clearly pointed to the polluted water being the cause.3. SARS and Covid-19 because they are both deadly and fatally infectious, have an unknown cause and need serious public health care
23、to solve them urgently.Step 6: Consolidate what you have learned by filling in the blanks:John Snow was a well-known _1_ in London in the _2_ century. He wanted to find the _3_ of cholera in order to help people _4_ it. In 1854 when a cholera _5_ London, he began to gather information. He _6_ on a m
24、ap _7_ all the dead people had lived and he found that many people who had _8_ (drink) the dirty water from the _9_ died. So he decided that the polluted water _10_ cholera. He suggested that the _11_ of all water supplies should be _12_ and new methods of dealing with _13_ water be found. Finally, “King Cholera” was _14_.Keys: 1. doctor 2. 19th 3.cause 4.infected with 5.hit 6.marked 7.where 8.drunk 9.pump 10.carried 11.source 12.examined 13.polluted 14.defeatedHomework: Retell the text after class and preview its language points.
