1、专题五非谓语动词高考总复习英语类别典题试做命题解读非谓语动词1They make great gifts and you see them many times decorated(decorate)with red envelopes and messages of good fortune.(2020年全国卷)2As well as looking at exhibits，visitors can play with computer simulations(模拟)and imagine themselves living at a different time in history or
2、 walking(walk)through a rainforest.(2020年山东卷)1考查非谓语动词的句法功能(作状语、定语、宾语、补语、主语和表语等)，以考查主语、宾语、状语居多；高考总复习英语类别典题试做命题解读非谓语动词3Agriculture gave people their first experience of the power of technology to change(change)lives.(2020年浙江卷)4Later，they learned to work with the seasons，planting at the right time and，
3、in dry areas，making(make)use of annual floods to irrigate(灌溉)their fields.(2020年浙江卷)2考查固定搭配中的非谓语动词。高考总复习英语一、非谓语动词作状语(一)不定式作状语1不定式作目的状语常用“so as to/in order to动词原形”。so as to不可用于句首。不定式作目的状语且在句中时，一般不能用逗号将其与前面的部分分开。2不定式作结果状语常用在下列结构中：soas to;suchas to；enoughto；only to(常表示意外结果或事与愿违的结果)；tooto等。高考总复习英语3在“主语系
4、动词表语(形容词)to do”结构中，不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。该结构中常用的形容词有：easy,hard,difficult,important,impossible,interesting,pleasant,nice,comfortable,safe,dangerous等。To stay warm at night,I would fill the woodstove,and then set my alarm clock for midnight so I could refill it.为了在夜里取暖，我总是把火炉填满，然后把闹钟定在午夜，以便我能再填满一次。高考总复习英语Geor
5、ge returned after the war,only to be told that his wife had left him.乔治战后返家，结果被告知他的妻子已经离开了他。This machine is very easy to operate.Anybody can learn to use it in a few minutes.这台机器操作起来很容易。任何人在几分钟之内就能学会操作它。高考总复习英语We were astonished to find the temple still in its original condition.我们惊讶地发现那座寺庙依然是最初的面貌。
6、高考总复习英语(二)分词作状语1作状语的分词要求其逻辑主语与句子的主语保持一致。2如句子的主语是分词动作的发出者，就用现在分词形式(doing)。3若现在分词的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前，则用现在分词的完成形式(having done)。高考总复习英语4若与句中主语为逻辑上的动宾关系，且先于谓语动词动作发生，用现在分词完成式的被动形式(having been done)。5若句子的主语是分词动作的承受者，则要用过去分词(done)。过去分词作状语时，可表示时间、原因、方式、条件等，置于句首、句末均可。Being the head of the village,he often tell
7、s the villagers to protect the farmland.作为村长，他经常让村民们保护农地。高考总复习英语I have learned a lot about Asian customs,having lived in the small village for three years in the early 1990s.20世纪90年代，我在这个小村庄里居住了3年后对亚洲的风俗习惯了解了很多。Punished by his father,the boy was unhappy.由于被父亲惩罚，这个男孩很不高兴。The teacher entered the house
8、,followed by his students.学生跟着老师，进入了房子。高考总复习英语(三)独立成分作状语有些分词或不定式短语作状语，其形式的选择不受上下文的影响，称作独立成分。常见的有：generally speaking一般来说frankly speaking坦白地说judging from/by根据来判断considering/takinginto consideration考虑到to tell you the truth说实话高考总复习英语to be sure可以肯定地说seeing鉴于/由于supposing假设；如果assuming假使given考虑到；鉴于provided(
9、that)如果高考总复习英语(四)紧缩式状语从句分词(短语)作状语时，可以表时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、行为方式、伴随状况等。为了强调，还可与while，when，once,if,unless等连词连用，构成紧缩式状语从句。Anyone,once tested positive for H7N9 flu virus,will receive free medical treatment from our government.任何人，一旦被检测出感染H7N9流感病毒，将得到政府的免费治疗。高考总复习英语【对点微测】根据所给的提示完成下面的句子1_(make)it easier to get
10、in touch with us,youd better keep this card at hand.2_(order)over a week ago,the books are expected to arrive anytime now.3Newlybuilt wooden cottages line the street,_(turn)the old town into a dreamland.【答案】1To make2Ordered3turning高考总复习英语4The cooling wind swept through out bedroom windows,_(make)air
11、 conditioning unnecessary.5_(absorb)in painting,John didnt notice evening approaching.6_(work)for two days,Steve managed to finish his report on schedule.【答案】4making5Absorbed6Having worked高考总复习英语7Clearly and thoughtfully_(write),the book inspires confidence in students who wish to seek their own ans
12、wers.8Children，when _(accompany)by their parents,are allowed to enter the stadium.9Anxiously,she took the dress out of the package and tried it on,only _(find)it didnt fit.10_(ask)to work overtime that evening,I missed a wonderful film.【答案】7written8accompanied9to find10Having been asked高考总复习英语二、非谓语动
13、词作定语(一)不定式作定语1用来修饰被序数词、最高级或no,all,any等限定的中心词，且与中心词为主动关系。2被修饰的词是抽象名词时用不定式作定语，常见的有：ability,idea,fact,excuse,promise,attempt,belief,way,reason,moment,time,chance等。高考总复习英语(二)分词作定语现在分词doing主动，进行The boy dancing there is my brother.beingdone被动，进行The school being built is for the poor children.过去分词done完成，被动
14、The gift given by you is very nice.完成The developed countries are very rich.高考总复习英语【对点微测】根据所给的提示完成下面的句子1In art criticism,you must assume the artist has a secret message _(hide)within the work.2To return to the problem of water pollution,Id like you to look at a study _(conduct)in Australia in 20183Th
15、e park was full of people _(enjoy)themselves in the sunshine.【答案】1hidden2conducted3enjoying高考总复习英语4 Last night,there were millions of people _(watch)the opening ceremony live on TV.5There are still many problems _(solve)before we are ready for a long stay on the moon.【答案】4watching5to be solved高考总复习英
16、语三、非谓语动词作补足语(一)非谓语动词(词组)作感官动词、使役动词的宾补1感官动词(词组)see，watch，observe，look at，notice,hear,listen to等的宾语补足语有四种形式，以see 为例：高考总复习英语高考总复习英语高考总复习英语高考总复习英语【拓展提升】have sth.done还表示“使某物遭受”之意。Tom had his leg broken while playing football.汤姆在踢足球的时候把他的腿弄伤了。have sb.doing若用于否定句中，其中的have有“容忍”之意。I wont have you speaking to
17、 your dad like that.我不允许你和你父亲那么讲话。高考总复习英语have还可用于have sth.to do结构，该结构中have作“有”讲，不定式作定语。I have a lot of readings to complete before the end of this term.在期末之前，我有大量的阅读要完成。3下列动词(词组)在主动语态中用不带to的不定式作宾语补足语，但在被动语态中要加上to：它们是“吾看三室两厅一感觉”5看(look at,see,watch,notice,observe)；3使(make,let,have)；2听(listen to,hear)
18、；1感觉(feel)。高考总复习英语(二)动词leave,keep,set,find,catch及介词with后加非谓语动词作复合宾语的情况高考总复习英语高考总复习英语高考总复习英语【对点微测】根据所给的提示完成下面的句子1Back from his twoyear medical service in Africa,Dr.Lee was very happy to see his mother_(take)good care of at home.2Listening to music at home is one thing,while going to hear it _(perform
19、)live is quite another.【答案】1taken2being performed高考总复习英语3The manager was satisfied to see many new products _(develop)after great effort.4He is thought _(act)foolishly.Now he has no one but himself to blame for losing the job.5The engine just wont start.Something seems _(go)wrong with it.【答案】3develo
20、ped4to have acted5to have gone高考总复习英语四、非谓语动词作主语、表语1不定式、动名词都可作主语和表语。动名词多指抽象的、概念性的动作，可以是多次的、经常的行为；不定式多表示具体的动作，尤其是某一次的动作。His hobby is playing football.他的爱好是踢足球。(侧重抽象意义)What he wants to do now is to play football.他现在最想做的是踢足球。(侧重具体)高考总复习英语I like playing football,but this afternoon I like to play basketba
21、ll.我喜欢踢足球，但今天下午我想打篮球。高考总复习英语3 分词无名词的性质，因而不能作主语，但是它有形容词性质，所以可作为表语。现在分词作表语时多含有“令人”之意，说明主语的性质或特征，多表主动，且主语多为物；过去分词一般表示被动或主语所处的状态，含有“感到”的意思，主语多是人。Hearing the exciting news,every one in the class was excited.一听到这个激动人心的消息，班上的每个人都很激动。高考总复习英语The cup you sent me as a birthday gift was broken.你送我的作为生日礼物的杯子破了。4
22、若主语和表语都是非谓语动词，应保持形式上的一致。Seeing is believing.(To see is to believe.)眼见为实。高考总复习英语【对点微测】根据所给的提示完成下面的句子1_(ignore)the difference between the two research findings will be one of the worst mistakes you make.2While waiting for the opportunity to get _(promote),Henry did his best to perform his duty.【答案】1Ig
23、noring/To ignore2promoted高考总复习英语3For those with family members far away,the personal computer and the phone are important in staying_(connect)4_(understand)your own needs and styles of communication is as important as learning to convey your affection and emotions.【答案】3connected4Understanding高考总复习英语
24、五、非谓语动词作宾语(一)下列动词只能用不定式作宾语，请牢记下面的口诀：决心学会想希望，拒绝设法愿假装。主动答应选计划，同意请求帮一帮。decide/determine,learn,want,expect/hope/wish;refuse,manage,care,pretend;offer,promise,choose,plan;agree,ask/beg,help。此外，afford,strive,happen,wait,threaten等也要用不定式作宾语。高考总复习英语(二)下列动词或词组只能用动名词作宾语，请牢记下面的口诀：考虑建议盼原谅，承认推迟没得想。避免错过继续练，否认完成就欣赏
25、。禁止想象才冒险，不禁介意准逃亡。consider,suggest/advise,look forward to,excuse/pardon;admit,delay/put off,fancy(想象，设想);avoid,miss,keep/keep on,practice;deny,finish,enjoy/appreciate;forbid,imagine,risk;cant help(禁不住),mind,allow/permit,escape。高考总复习英语(三)be used/accustomed to,lead to,devote to,go back to,stick to,obje
26、ct to,get down to,pay attention to,cant stand(无法忍受),give up,feel like,insist on,thankfor,apologize for,be busy(in),have difficulty/trouble(in),have a good/wonderful/hard time(in),spend time(in)等短语和动词词组后也要用动名词作宾语。高考总复习英语高考总复习英语高考总复习英语(五)不定式作介词的宾语一 般 而 言，介 词 后 用 动 名 词 作 宾 语，但 在 介 词but/except(除之外)，besi
27、des(除外还有)后常用不定式作宾语，如果在这些介词前有实义动词do的任何一种形式，其后用省去to的不定式，反之则用带to的不定式。【拓展提升】与but构成“只好”的短语，且其后要接不带to的不定式的还有：cannot but，cannot help but，cannot choose but。高考总复习英语高考总复习英语高考总复习英语【对点微测】根据所给的提示完成下面的句子1When it comes to _(speak)in public,no one can match him.2The film star wears sunglasses.Therefore,he can go sh
28、opping without _(recognize)3Its quite hot today.Do you feel like _(go)for a swim?【答案】1speaking2being recognized3going高考总复习英语4The windows of the classroom need _(clean)5I still remember_(take)to the Famen Temple and what I saw there.【答案】4to be cleaned/cleaning5being taken高考总复习英语六、独立主格结构独立主格结构从语法上来讲不是
29、句子，在句中通常作状语。具有以下特点：1独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，不指同一个人或同一事物；高考总复习英语高考总复习英语So many children to support,they both have to work all day long.有这么多孩子要养，他们俩不得不整天工作。The guide leading the way,we had no trouble getting out of the forest.向导领着路，我们毫不费劲地走出了森林。高考总复习英语Jim was listening attentively to the lecture,all his a
30、ttention fixed upon it.吉姆专心致志地听着讲座，所有注意力都集中在上面了。He came out of the library,(with)a large book under his arm.他夹着一大本书，走出了图书馆。高考总复习英语【对点微测】根据所给的提示完成下面的句子1Much time _(spend)sitting at a desk,office workers are generally troubled by health problems.2Time _(permit),I will discuss the problem with you.【答案】
31、1spent2permitting高考总复习英语3A lot of things _(remain)to be done,I cant accompany you to the supermarket tomorrow.4All the things he needed _(buy),the man left the shop in a hurry.【答案】3remaining4bought高考总复习英语非谓语动词与语法填空1对非谓语动词类考题，解题时首先要通过句子结构判断所给提示词是否要用其非谓语动词形式。再通过分析句子成分判断应使用哪种非谓语动词，如：作主语、宾语用动名词或不定式；作目的状语常用不定式，作伴随状语常用现在分词等。2确定要用非谓语动词后，再根据非谓语动词与被修饰词之间的主动、被动关系、动作发生的时间以及句意，判断出应该使用何种非谓语动词形式。高考总复习英语
