1、牛津译林版七年级上册英语Unit 4语法知识点总结Comic Strip知识点01 wake up 教材P42【用法详解】wake v. 醒来 wake up 醒来 wake sb up 把某人叫醒，当宾语sb是人称代词宾格时，必须放在两词中间。 Doyouusuallywake upatnight? 你经常半夜醒来吗？What time doyouusuallywake up? 你通常几点起床？Dont wake me up until 8 oclock in the morning. 别叫醒我直到早上8点钟。【典例讲解】 _ up, Tom! Youll be late for schoo
2、l! OK, Dad.A.WakesB.WakingC.WakeD.To wake【答案】C【解析】句意：醒醒，汤姆！你上学要迟到了！好的，爸爸。考查祈使句。wake up叫醒；根据“up, Tom! Youll be late for school”可知此处表示“劝告和警告”，用祈使句，此时省略主语you，动词用原形。故选C。【拓展】awake adj. 醒着的，强调醒着的状态。The baby is awake. 婴儿是醒着的。知识点02 Its time for . 教材P42【用法详解】Its time for sth = Its time to do sth 该是做某事的时候了Its
3、 time for lunch. = Its time to have lunch. 该是吃午饭的时候了。Its time for sb to do sth 该是某人做某事的时候了。Its time for the children to go to bed. 该是孩子们上床睡觉的时候了。【典例讲解】1.Its time _ an English lesson.A.haveB.to haveC.havingD.had【答案】B【解析】句意：该上英语课了。考查非谓语动词。固定句式：its time to do sth“到了做某事的时间”，故选B。2.It is 7: 30 am now! I t
4、hink its time for you _ school.A.forB.to goC.goD.to go to【答案】D【解析】句意：现在是7：30。我认为是你上学的时候了。考查固定句式Its time for sb. to do sth。根据固定句式“Its time for sb. to do sth到时间该做某事了”可知此处动作应用不定式表示；“上学”英文表达是“go to school”。故选D。知识点03 Shall we . 教材P42【用法详解】shall 用于第一人称疑问句，表示征求意见或请求指示，或表示一种建议。Shall we do sth= Lets do sth =
5、 Why not do sth / Why dont you do sth = What / How about doing sth Shall we go to visit the museum?= Lets go to visit the museum.= Why not / Why dont you go to visit the museum?= What / How about going to visit the museum?【典例讲解】Dad, Jacks father _ going to buy some bread. _ we buy some, too? OK, dea
6、r!A.will; WillB.will; ShallC.is; ShallD.are; Shall【答案】C【解析】句意：爸爸，Jack的爸爸打算买一些面包。我们也买一些吗？好的，亲爱的！考查一般将来时的结构。一般将来时的结构是：be going to do或will/shall do，第一空后有going，且主语是第三人称单数形式，故第一空填is。第二个主语we是第一人称，用助动词shall。故选C。知识点04 go out 教材P42【用法详解】go out 外出；出去；熄灭 ； 过时Letsgo outon Saturdaynight. 我们星期六晚上出去吧。Letsgo outfor
7、some freshair. 咱们出去呼吸点新鲜空气。The bedroom light went out after a moment. 卧室的灯片刻后熄灭了。The fire seemed to be going out. 火看来快熄灭了。【典例讲解】Jims parents always stop him from _ out at night.A.goB.goingC.to goD.will go【答案】B【解析】句意：吉姆的父母总是阻止他晚上外出。 考查非谓语动词。stop sb from doing sth意为“阻止某人做某事”，因此是going，作介词from的宾语。故选B。知识
8、点05 need 教材P42【用法详解】need 作为动词，既可以做情态动词，也可以做实义动词。 情态动词：need do sth 否定 neednt do sth need 实义动词：need to do sth 否定 dont need to do sth Its here if you need it.你要的话就拿去吧。I need to get some sleep.我需要睡会儿觉。He needs to win this game to stay in the match.他得赢下这场比赛以免被淘汰出局。You dont need to leave yet, do you?你不必现在
9、就走吧need 还可以作为名词来使用。 in need of 需要There isno needfor you to get up early tomorrow.你明天不必早起。The house isin need ofa thorough clean.这房子需要来个大扫除。Theres no need to cry.不要哭了。【典例讲解】You _ the cat out for a walk.A.neednt to takeB.dont need takeC.dont need to takeD.neednt taking【答案】C【解析】句意：你不需要带猫出去散步。考查need的用法。
10、neednt do sth.或dont need to do sth.意为“不需要做某事”，故选C。知识点06 how to have fun 教材P42【用法详解】Some dogs just dont know how to have fun“疑问词+ to do”结构，可以在句中做主语、宾语、表语等。I dont know where to find him. 我不知道到哪里去找他。have fun doing sth = have a good time doing sth = enjoy oneself doing sth 做某事玩的开心 They have fun climbing
11、 the mountain. 他们爬山玩的很开心。【典例讲解】Did you have great fun _ with your dog?A.playB.playedC.playsD.playing【答案】D【解析】句意：你和你的狗玩得开心吗？考查固定搭配。have fun doing sth.做某事开心，为固定搭配，故选D。知识点07 Do morning exercises 教材P43【用法详解】do morning exercises 做早操，这里的exercise 为可数名词，表示“操练，练习”，常用复数形式。Doing eye exercises is good for our e
12、yes. 做眼保健操对我们的眼睛有益。exercise 用作不可数名词，表示“ 锻炼”。I sometimes take exercise in the morning. 我经常在早上锻炼。exercise 还可用作动词，表示“ 锻炼”。You need to exercise more. 你需要多锻炼。【典例讲解】 Do you _ every day? Yes, _ good for our eyes.A.do eye exercise；itsB.do eye exercises；theyreC.do eyes exercise；itsD.do eyes exercises；theyre【
13、答案】B【解析】句意：你每天做眼保健操吗？ 是的，它们对我们的眼睛有好处。考查短语辨析和代词辨析。do eye exercises为固定搭配，意为“做眼保健操”，此处exercise是可数名词，指的是具体一系列活动，不是抽象概念。根据问句“exercises”可知，此处应用they are指代上文提到的exercises，故选B。知识点8 be late for 教材P43【用法详解】late 既可以做形容词，也可以做副词，表示“迟的，晚的”，be late for 迟到He got up late this morning. 他今天早上起床起迟了。Hurry up, dont be late
14、 for the meeting. 快点，开会不要迟到了。【典例讲解】Frank is always _ (迟到) for school in the morning.【答案】late【解析】句意：弗兰克早上上学总是迟到。迟到：late，形容词；be late for“迟到”，固定结构。故填late。知识点9 at a quarter past eight 教材P43【用法详解】at a quarter past eight 八点一刻 a quarter 一刻钟（15分钟）a quarter 还有“四分之一”的意思。A quarter of students are girls in our
15、class. 我们班上四分之一的学生是女生。past 在这里表示“晚于，超过”，当分钟不超过30的时候，用“分钟数+past +小时数” at five past six 6:05 at six past five 5:06 at twenty past twelve 12:20to 表示“未到”，当分钟超过30的时候，用“分钟数+to +小时数”, 表示到小时数还差几分钟 at five to six ( 6点还差5分钟 ) : 5:55 at six to five (5 点还差6分钟) : 4:54 at twenty to twelve ( 12点还差20分钟): 11: 40 【典例
16、讲解】1.Can you say 11: 45 in English? Its easy _.A.A quarter to twelveB.Forty-five to eleven.C.A quarter to elevenD.forty-five past eleven【答案】A【解析】句意：你会用英语说11:45吗？很简单，“A quarter to twelve”。考查基数词的时间表达法。11:45超过30分钟，用to表达。表达为“差15分钟到12点”，15分钟可以用“a quarter”表示，即a quarter to twelve。 故选A。2.Dont worry. Its 4:4
17、5. We still have time.A.fifteen past fourB.fifteen past fiveC.a quarter to fiveD.a quarter to four【答案】C【解析】句意：别担心。现在4:45。我们还有时间。考查时间的表达。4:45有两种表达：four forty-five或a quarter to five。故选C。Reading知识点01 first 教材P44【用法详解】We do morning exercises first. 这里的first用作副词，意为“首先”，用作状语，前面不加任何冠词。at first 首先 first of
18、all 首先 the first time 第一次 first 作为序数词，前面应加定冠词the，但序数词做定语，前面有物主代词修饰时，则不用the.my first teacher = the first teacher of mine This is our first lesson this term. 这是我们这学期的第一节课。【典例讲解】Its _ to come to China.A. his the first timeB. my first timeB. theirs first timesD. the our first time【答案】B【解析】句意：这是我第一次来中国。o
19、nes first time to do sth,某人第一次做某事。结合句意，故选B。知识点02 chat with 教材P44【用法详解】chat with 聊天 chat 现在分词 chatting 过去式 chatted 【典例讲解】I went home by bike _ yesterday, then I met an old friend, so we stopped_ for half an hour in the street.A.as usual; chattingB.like before; chattingC.as usual; to chatD.usually; to
20、 chat【答案】C【解析】句意：昨天我像往常一样骑自行车回家，然后我遇到了一个好朋友，所以我们停下来在街上聊了半个小时。考查固定搭配和非谓语动词。as usual像往常一样；like before像以前一样；usually通常；chat聊天。stop to do sth.“停下来做某事”，stop doing sth.“停止正在做的事情”，由语境可知见到老朋友，要停下来去聊天，故空二用stop to do，排除AB；空一表示“像往常一样回家”，用as usual。故选C。知识点03 each other 教材P44【用法详解】each other 相互，彼此each与every 的区别1.e
21、very 强调全体的概念， each强调个体概念。Every student in our school works hard. 我们学校的学生都很用功。Each student may have one book. 每个学生都可有一本书。2. every 指三个以上的人或物(含三个)，each指两个以上的人或物 (含两个)。3. every 只作形容词，不可单独使用。each可作代词或形容词。Every student has to take one.Each boy has to take one. = Each of the boys has to take one.4.every 与n
22、ot 连用，表示部分否定； each 和not连用表示全部否定。Every man is not honest. 并非每个人都诚实。Each man is not honest. 这儿每个人都不诚实。【典例讲解】They met _ and wrote down _ phone number.A.each other; each otherB.each others; each otherC.each others; each othersD.each other; each others【答案】D【解析】句意：他们遇到了彼此，写下了彼此的电话号码。each other彼此；each othe
23、rs彼此的。分析句意，第一个空表示“彼此”。用each other。第二个空表示“彼此的”用所有格形式，表示后面的phone number 隶属于他们。所以第二个空填each others。故选D。【拓展】other 与another 的区别1.the other +（one/单数名词）表示两者中的另一个I have two books. One is an English boy,the other (one/book)is a Chinese book.2. another + (one/单数名词）表示三者或三者以上中的另一个This hat doesnt fit. Id like to
24、try another.He didnt return the book to me. Instead he borrowed another (one/book) from me.Please give me another umbrella. This one is too old.3. another 还可表示“又一的，再一个（或一批）的”与more 相似，但词序不同。after another week又一星期之后 have another glass of milk 再喝一杯牛奶-Would you like another cup?/Would you like one more
25、cup?你要不要再来一杯？-No, I have had enough.不，我已经足够了We need another ten chairs./We need ten more chairs 我们还/另外需要十张椅子。4.others=other + 复数名词/ones “其余的/剩余的”指其余的/剩余的部分the others=the other + 复数名词/ones“其余的/剩余的”指其余的/剩余的全部These books are hers, and the other ones are mine.She always thinks of other people/others and
26、 never thinks of herself.她总是想到别人而从不考虑自己。知识点04 practise 教材P44【用法详解】practise v. 练习；实习；训练 practise doing sth 练习做某事You need to practise every day. 你需要每天练习。Shes practising for her piano exam. 她在练习准备钢琴考试。【典例讲解】We _ half an hour _ on the playground after class.A.spend; to practise runningB.take; to practis
27、e to runC.spend; practising runningD.take; to practise running【答案】C【解析】句意：下课后我们花了半个小时在操场上练习跑步。考查动词辨析及动词非谓语。spend“花费”，主语常常是人，常用结构为：sb. spend+time/money+in+doing sth.，表示“某人花费金钱/时间来做某事”；take“花费”，常用结构为：It takes sb.+time+to do sth.，表示“做某事花费某人多少时间”；根据题干，主语是人，用spend，practise表示“练习”，后面接动名词形式，故选C。【拓展】practice
28、 n. 练习，训练Practice makes perfect. 熟能生巧知识点05 have a good time 教材P44【用法详解】have a good time 过得愉快，玩得开心have a good time doing sth = have fun doing sth = enjoy oneself doing sth 做某事玩的开心【典例讲解】They often had a good time_ ball games before. But now they have no time _ after-school activities.A.playing; doingB
29、.to play; doingC.to play; to doD.playing; to do【答案】D【解析】句意：以前他们玩球类游戏很开心，但是现在他们没有时间做课后活动。考查短语辨析。根据“have a good time doing sth.”结构和“have no time to do sth.”结构可知，前者表示玩球类游戏很开心have a good time playing ball games，后者表示没有时间做课后活动have no time to do after-school activities。故选D。知识点06 best wishes 教材P44【用法详解】Best
30、 wishes 最美好的祝愿wish n. 希望，愿望。 best wishes to sb 向某人致以美好的祝愿I can understand her wish for keeping a secret. 我可以理解她想保守秘密的愿望。His dearest wishis to see his grandchildren again.他最大的愿望是能再次见到自己的孙子孙女。wish v. 希望（做某事）；想要（某事发生）wish to do sth 希望做某事 wish sb to do sth 希望某人做某事 wish sb sth 祝愿某人某事You may stay until mo
31、rning,if you wish.如果你愿意，你可以一直待到早晨。I wish to speak to the manager.我想跟经理说话。I wish you to keep quiet. 我希望你保持安静。【典例讲解】Mom, I will give an English Speech tomorrow.Wish you _ my dear!A.succeedB.successC.successfulD.successfully【答案】B【解析】句意：妈妈，我明天要做一个英语演讲。亲爱的，祝你成功！考查名词作宾语补足语。succeed成功，动词；success成功，名词；succes
32、sful成功的，形容词；successfully成功地，作副词。句子是表达祝愿的话，根据wish表祝愿的结构：“wish sb+名词”。例如：I wish you a happy journey 我希望你旅途愉快。根据选项success成功，作名词，符合题意。故选B。Grammar 知识点01 时间介词at, on, in 教材P47【用法详解】at表示时间的某一点1) at表示一天中的某时刻，不用冠词。at six oclock在六点钟 at lunch 在午饭时间 at noon 在正午 I arrived at school at seven. 我七点钟到的学校。2) at表示一瞬间或短
33、暂的时间。at that moment 在那一瞬间 at that time 那时Your memory is always poor at this time. 你的记忆力到这时候总是不好。3) at表示节日或年龄at Christmas 在圣诞节，指整个节日 at the age of ten 在十岁时How could you be so forgetful at the age of ten? 你才十岁怎么就这么健忘？on表示具体到某一天on表示某日或和某日连用的某一时间段on Monday在星期一 on Friday afternoon 在星期五下午on the morning of
34、 August the eighth 在八月八日早晨on Christmas Day 在圣诞节，指在当天You were late on Monday last week. 你上星期一就晚了。You mean I was late on May the fifteenth? 你是说我五月十五日迟到了？in用于表示除日以外的某一时间段。in表示年、月、季节、世纪、时代，与定冠词连用表示一天中某个时间段。in 1996 在1996年 in May 在五月 in spring在春季in the 20th century 在二十世纪 in the eighties 在八十年代in modern tim
35、es 在现代 in the evening 在晚上Sorry, I am late for the first time in May. 对不起，我五月第一次迟到了。I got up at six in the morning. 我早上六点钟起床。【典例讲解】1.More and more young people celebrate Christmas Day _ December 25th.A.atB.onC.inD.of【答案】B【解析】句意：在12月25日那天，越来越多的年轻人庆祝圣诞节。考查介词辨析。at指具体时刻；on指具体的某一天；in指年、月、季节等；of的。根据“Decemb
36、er 25th”可知，此处为12月25日，具体的某一天，所以用介词on。故选B。2.When do you have geography? _ 10:00 _ Tuesday.A. At; inB.On; atC.At; onD.In; at【答案】C【解析】句意：你什么时候有地理课？ 星期二的十点。考查介词辨析。at+时刻；in+月份、年份等；on+具体某一天。“10:00”为时刻，所以第一空应填at；“Tuesday”为具体的一天，所以第二空应填on。故选C。3.The world-famous writer William Shakespeare was born _ 1564.A.in
37、B.forC.atD.on【答案】A【解析】句意：世界著名的作家威廉莎士比亚出生于1564年。考查介词。in用于表示世纪、年、月、季节，在上午，在下午等。For为了。at指具体的点钟。on表示确定的时间，具体某天或具体某一天的上午下午晚上或一般节日等。根据“1564”可知表达的是具体的年份，用介词“in”。故选A。知识点02 频率副词 教材P48【用法详解】频度副词通常放在行为动词之前，系动词、情态动词或助动词之后。always 意为“总是”，“一直”，它所表示的频度最高，相当于 all the time。Tom is always late for school. 汤姆上学总迟到。usual
38、ly意为“通常”，在一般情况下做某事很少有例外的意思，倾向于一种习惯。We usually go shopping on Sundays. 我们周日通常去购物。often 意为“经常”，它表示的频度不及usually，用来表示动作重复，中间有间断。We often have supper at home. 我们经常在家吃晚饭。sometimes 意为“有时”，它所表示的频度在以上这几个词中最低，它可以放在句子中间，也可以放在句首或句末。She sometimes walks along the river. 她有时候沿着河边散步。Sometimes I dont like to work, b
39、ecause I feel too tired.有时候我不想去工作，因为我感到太累了。seldom表示“很少，不常”，表示否定的含义，发生的频率最低。Lily doesnt like ice cream, so she seldom eats it. Lily不喜欢吃冰激凌，所以很少吃它。never 的频度为0，意为“从来不”、“永不”。表示否定含义，表示从未发生的动作或情况。My parents are never late for work.我父母上班从来不迟到。【典例讲解】How often do you go to work by subway?_. I always take a b
40、us, because there is no subway in the city.A.SometimesB.OftenC.NeverD.Usually【答案】C【解析】句意：你多久一次乘地铁上班？从没有过。我通常坐公交车，因为这座城市没有地铁。考查频度副词。sometimes有时；often经常；never从不；usually通常。根据“there is no subway in the city”可知这座城市没有地铁，因此“从不”坐地铁上班。故选C项。【拓展】频度副词一般用how often 来提问。How often do you go to visit your grandparen
41、ts? 你多久去拜访一次你的祖父母。知识点03 would like 教材P47【用法详解】would like sth= want sth 想要某物 I would like some water. 我想要点水。would like to do sth = want to do sth 想要做某事 I would like to drink some water. 我想要喝点水。would like sb to do sth = want sb to do sth 想要某人做某事I would like the baby to drink some water. 我想要婴儿喝点水。【典例讲解
42、】Would you like _ (have) a cup of tea?【答案】to have【解析】句意：你想喝杯茶吗？have吃/喝；would like to do sth.想要做某事，固定结构，故填to have。Integrated Skills - Task 知识点01 hope 教材P50【用法详解】hope v. 希望 hope to do sth 希望做某事They hope to arrive home before 7:00pm. 他们希望下午7点钟之前到家。Do you think it will rain? I hope not.“你觉得会下雨吗？”“但愿不会。”
43、Will you be back before dark? I hope so, yes.“你天黑之前能回来吗？”“但愿吧。”hope n. 希望 in the hope of 抱着的希望I called early in the hope of catching her before she went to work.我很早就打了个电话，希望在她上班之前找到她。He asked her againin the hopethat she could come.他又问了她一次，指望着她能来。【典例讲解】I hope _ the volleyball match. I _ our team goo
44、d luck.A.us to win; wishB.we will win; wishC.we to win; hopeD.we will win; hope【答案】B【解析】句意：我希望我们能赢得这场排球比赛。祝我们队好运。考查hope和wish的用法。第一空，hope可用于hope to do sth.结构，但不能用于hope sb. to do sth.结构，排除AC选项，hope可接省略that的宾语从句，选项BD的“we will win”是hope后接宾语从句的用法，符合语法及语境；第二空，“our team good luck”为双宾语，wish能接双宾语表示祝愿，而hope不能接双宾语。故选B。【拓展】hope 不可以用于hope sb to do sth 的结构，hope 之后有sb/sth 的时候，其后要接一个句子。I hope he will make his dream come true. I hope it will be sunny tomorrow. 知识点02 wish 教材P50【用法详解】wish作为动词用法
