1、Review宾宾语语从从句句引导词引导词语序：语序：时态：时态：thatif/whether疑问词陈述语序主句为现在时态，从句可以是需要的任何时态主句为过去时态，从句应使用相应的过去的时态。从句如果描述的是客观真理、科学理论等则永远用一般现在时态。陈述句一般疑问句特殊疑问句将将下列句子合并为一句下列句子合并为一句:1.Where do they stop on the way?I asked.2.What will you speak at the meeting?Could you tell me?3.Do they like to go skiing?He asked.4.He is do
2、ing his homework.He said.5.He will come back.Tom said.I asked where they stopped on the way.Could you tell me what you will speak at the meeting?He asked if they liked to go skiing.He said that he was doing his homework.Tom said that he would come back.直接引语与间接引语直接引语与间接引语（Direct Speech and Indirect S
3、peech）1.定义：A.直接引述别人的话，叫直接引述别人的话，叫“直接引语直接引语”。B.用自己的话转述别人的话用自己的话转述别人的话，叫“间接引间接引语语”。间接引语在多数情况下构成宾语从句。直接引语一般前后要加引号，间接引语不用引号。2.例如：约翰说：约翰说：“我喜欢看故事书。我喜欢看故事书。”（直接引语）John said，“I like reading story books.”约翰说他喜欢看故事书。约翰说他喜欢看故事书。（间接引语）John said that he liked reading story books。Next pageLast page直接引语变间接引语可分为三大
4、类：直接引语变间接引语可分为三大类：1 1）直接引语为）直接引语为陈述句陈述句2 2）直接引语为直接引语为疑问句（一般疑问句、特殊疑问句（一般疑问句、特殊疑问句）疑问句）3 3）直接引语为直接引语为祈使句祈使句直接引语如果是陈述句，变为间接引语时，用连词that引导，that在口语中常省略。主句的谓语动词可直接用引语中的say,也可用tell来代替，注意，可以说say that,tell sb.that，不可直接说tell that 陈述句e.g.He often says,“China is great.”He often says(that)China is great.Tom says,
5、“I am a student.”Tom says(that)he is a student.He says,“I leave my book in your room”He said(that)he left his book in your room.）人称的变化）人称的变化口诀说明直接引语间接引语一一随随主主二随宾二随宾三三不不变变引号内的第一人引号内的第一人称变间引后与主称变间引后与主句主语的人称保句主语的人称保持一致持一致引号内的第二人引号内的第二人称变间引后与主称变间引后与主句宾语的人称保句宾语的人称保持一致持一致引号内的第三人引号内的第三人称在变间引后人称在变间引后人称不变称不变
6、She said,“I like Tennis.”She said that she liked tennisHe said to Lily,“you must get up early”He told Lily that she must get up earlyShe said to me,“They want tohelp him”She told me that That they wanted help him一随主，二随宾，三不变一随主，二随宾，三不变Practice:1)He said,“My brother failed in the exam.”He said _brothe
7、r had failed in the exam.2)He said to Mary,“How is your mother now?”he asked Mary how _mother was then.3)My teacher said,she is a good student.My teacher said _was a good student4)He said to me,“Ive left her book in your room”He told me that _had left _ book in _ room.hishershehehermy1.We want you t
8、o take a message for her.said the Greens.The Greens told me that wanted to take a message for .theyme her2.Are you willing to lend us a hand?she said to him.She asked him whether was willing to lend a hand.hethem2)2)时态的变化时态的变化He says,I will do it tomorrow”He says that he will do it tomorrow.如果主句的谓语动
9、词是如果主句的谓语动词是现在时现在时，直接引语，直接引语变成间接引语时，从句的时态无需变化变成间接引语时，从句的时态无需变化如果主句的谓语动词是如果主句的谓语动词是一般过去时一般过去时，直，直接引语变成间接引语时，从句的时态要接引语变成间接引语时，从句的时态要做出相应的改变做出相应的改变直接引语时态直接引语时态间接引语时态间接引语时态一般现在时一般现在时一般过去时一般过去时现在进行时现在进行时过去进行时过去进行时现在完成时现在完成时过去完成时过去完成时一般过去时一般过去时过去完成时过去完成时过去完成时过去完成时不变不变一般将来时一般将来时过去将来时过去将来时Practice:.John sai
10、d,“I like reading adventure stories.”John said that he _ reading adventure stories.She said to me,“I broke your CD player.”She told me that she _ my CD player.He said,“Ill come here this morning.”He said he_ go there that morning.He says,“I have finished my homework.”He says that he _ his homework.H
11、e said,“they are playing games over there?”He said that they_ playing games over there.likedhad brokenwouldhad finishedwerenowthentodayThat daytonightThat nightagoBefore/earlieryesterdayThe day beforelast nightThe night beforetomorrowThe next/following daynext The next/following 直接引语中的时间状语转换规则：直接引语中
12、的时间状语转换规则：直接引语中动词直接引语中动词come在间接引语中用在间接引语中用go:直接引语中的指示代词转换规则：直接引语中的指示代词转换规则：this变为变为that;these变为变为those本来就是本来就是that/those则不变。则不变。一般疑问句一般疑问句 He said,“Do you have any difficulty with pronunciation?”He asked(me)whether/if I had any difficulty with my pronunciation.He said,“You are interested in English,
13、arent you?”He asked whether I was interested in English.He asked,“Do you speak English or French?”He asked me whether I spoke English or French.I asked,“Will you take bus or take train?”I asked him whether he would take bus or take train.“Is he all right?”They cried out.They cried out whether he was
14、 all right.注意：大多数情况下，if,whether 可以互换，但句中出现or(not),或放在介词后作连接词，只用whether。特殊疑问句特殊疑问句 He said to me，“Whats your name?”He asked me what my name was.He asked us,“How many car factories have been built in your country?”He asked us how many car factories had been built in our country.直接引语是祈使句，则改为直接引语是祈使句，则改
15、为tell/order/ask sb.(not)to do sth.其他变化同上。其他变化同上。祈使句祈使句He said,“Please come here tomorrow.”The teacher said,“Dont talk any more.”He asked me to go there the next day.The teacher told us not to talk any more.He says,“Is Tom a student or a teacher？”He asks whether Tom is a student or a teacher.He asked
16、 me,Do you like playing football?“He asked me if/whether I liked playing football.My sister asked me:“What is your friend?”My sister asked me what my friend was.Jack asked me,How do you like the film?Jack asked me how I liked the film.The solider ordered,“Be quiet.”The solider ordered us to be quiet
17、.He said to her,“Open the door,please.”He asked her to open the door.She says,“I will go to Beijing next month.”She says(that)she will go to Beijing the next month.He often says“I shall tell you about them.”He often tells me that he will tell me about them.注意注意：（1）直接引语如果是客观真理，变为间接引语时，时态 不变。如：He said
18、,“Light travels much faster than sound.”He said that light travels much faster than sound.“A friend in need is a friend indeed,”Mother said to me.Mother told me that a friend in need is a friend indeed.(2)如果在当地转述，here不必改为there，动词come 不必改为go。如果在当天转述，yesterdaytomorrow等时间状语也不必改变。直接引语转为间接引语时，下列情况下直接引语转为
19、间接引语时，下列情况下时态不变时态不变.直接引语若表示的是直接引语若表示的是客观事实或真理客观事实或真理时，时，变间接引语时时态不变变间接引语时时态不变.当引语中的时间状语表示当引语中的时间状语表示过去某一具体过去某一具体时间时间时，谓语动词时态不需改变时，谓语动词时态不需改变1.Our teacher said,“Light travels much faster than sound.”Our teacher said that light _ much faster than sound.travelsgraduatedMy brother said that he in 1966.gr
20、aduated1.The teacher said to the students,“The earth is round.”2.My father said to me,“I was born in 1961.”The teacher told the students that the earth is round.My father told me that he was born in 1961.1.“I like reading adventure stories,”said John.John said that he liked reading adventure stories
21、.2.“I dont like computers,”Sarah said to her friend.Sarah told her friends that she didnt like computers.Exercise I3.“Ann,have you seen my blue notebook?”Peter asked.Peter asked Ann if she had seen his blue notebook.4.“How can you do that?”Mary said to Ann.Mary asked Ann how she could do that.5.“Wha
22、t difference does it make?”Peter asked Jim.Peter asked Jim what difference it made.1.Jack said to me,“You look worried today.”Jack told me that _ worried _.A.he lookstoday B.you looktoday C.we lookedthat day D.I lookedthat dayExercise IIA.we were walkingthen B.you are walkingnow C.they were walkingt
23、hen D.they walkingnow 3.Mr Black said,“I have walked a long way this week.”Mr Black said that _ a long way _.A.I had walkedthat week B.he had walkedthat week C.I walkedlast week D.he has walkedthis week4.The man thought,“I shall take it back tomorrow.”The man thought that _ take it back _.A.I shallt
24、omorrow B.I shallthe next day C.he shouldtomorrow D.he would the next day 5.They said to us,“Are you afraid to leave this house?”They asked us _ afraid to leave _ house.A.that were wethis B.that we werethat C.if were we this D.if we werethat6.Jane said,“What did he hear about a week ago?”Jane asked _ about _.A.that he hearda week ago B.what he had heardthe week before C.what he had herd a week ago D.if he heardthe week ago10.The teacher asked her,“Does the sun rise in the east?”The teacher asked her _ the sun _ in the east.A.ifrise B.ifrises C.whetherrose D.whether did rise
