1、Isochore processing-Extra Structure grid-to-well tie421351.Calculate ERROR points(see QC Structure grid-to-well tie slide)3.Make a copy of the structure grid and rename it(For example:TIED STRU)2.Build ERROR grid(see Build isochore slides)-Build default grid-Tune algorithms-Consider post process cli
2、p and smooth-Retie to ERROR points if smoothing was done4.Subtract ERROR grid from TIED STRU grid5.Re-check structures grid-to-well tie.Surface operations(2D grids)Surface operations Lecture and exercise purpose Purpose:Learn how to perform operations on surfaces and between surfaces.You will learn
3、to:Manipulate a surface using Surface Operations Calculate azimuth and dip values from a surface Use the surface calculator Build rock gross thickness grids Calculate volume between surfaces Areal calculations Inside polygon For defined nodes in a gridSurface operations Surface OperationsContains to
4、ols for manipulating on existing surfaces Rotate and smooth Extrapolate Expand and shrink Flip values Shift values Merge surfacesRemember:Only ONE undo!CSurface operations 2D Volume processing;General procedureA.Given top and base structure gridsB.Incorporate fluid contacts into top and/or base grid
5、sC.Build gross rock thickness grid D.Discount gross rock thickness by N:G,Phi,and(1-Sw)E.Calculate volume for positive thicknessF.Calculate area for positive thicknessBDAEFVolume processing(2D Grids)Top and base structure gridsA.Should define the zone of interestB.Should not contain missing node val
6、ues over area of interestNo volumes for missing nodesFault gaps should be filled with nodesC.Should be tied to the top picks AWellCBVolume processing(2D Grids)Incorporate Fluid Contacts13-A3-B23-C1.Use grid or constant2.Merge with a structure grid3.Merging processA.Copy structure to be mergedB.Renam
7、e copied grid“BASE HYDROCARBON”or“TOP HYDROCARBON”C.Incorporate fluid contact“Set Z=A where:”ZA(base)or ZConvert Points/Polygons/Surfaces folder,and select Create Intersection with plane.B.Display the polygons in a 2D or 3D windowMake sure they closeMake sure they encompass the correct areaC.In the
8、Select/pick mode(arrow)touch a polygon to see its area,or Execute for Area and Length in Calculations for the Polygon.Inside a polygonCVolume processing(2D Grids)Changing project unitsOften Petrels default units are meters when the project units are feet.To change units:A.Click on projects in the Me
9、nu bar and select SettingsB.Go to the Units Tab and make appropriate adjustments.Volume processing(2D Grids)Exercises Build a hydrocarbon thickness grid and calculate area and volume for that grid.Intersections Lecture and exercise purpose Purpose:To understand how to use intersections to QC,display
10、 and plot data You will learn to:Create a general intersection Manipulate intersections Create a polygon intersection Create a Well intersection Adjust the settings for intersections General Intersection and an Intersection WindowIntersectionsIntroduction There are three methods for generating cross
11、 sections.The chosen method depends on the needs of the user.ABCA.General Intersection:Cuts across entire modelCan be moved and rotatedCan be visualized in the Intersection windowB.Polygon Intersection:User defines location and shape of intersection C.Well Path Intersection:Intersection through well
12、 pathsCan be used for proposed as well as existing wells.IntersectionsTips&Hints Most data within the Input and Models tab can be displayed(exceptions include well log curves and tops).Display is controlled by the Toggle visualization on plane Ctrl+B icon(player bar).Can clip data to the plane(if no
13、 turning points).If seismic is displayed,then you can interpret on the intersection.IntersectionsDisplay1.Activate intersection.2.Turn on Toggle visualization on plane Ctrl+B icon.3.Objects available for display turn blue.4.Turn on objects to display.5.Objects are added to the intersection plane.123
14、45IntersectionsPolygon IntersectionIntersection between 2 or more arbitrary pointsUseful for showing detail between 2 or more points.For example,between wells across multiple faults.A.A polygon is digitized(Make/Edit Polygon process)or imported.ABCB.A vertical intersection is generated from it(right
15、 click on polygon).C.Data is placed on the intersection to view relationships(blue button).Intersections Well Intersection Intersection along coordinates of well path.Help to QC a digitized(proposed)well or to visualize data along existing well path(s).A.Select Create Vertical Well Section for a wel
16、l or a folder of wells.B.Display any or all available data on the new vertical intersection.ABIntersections Plane settings 3D view settings-Transparency-Clip offsetSettings for the map view-Color-Line widthPlane extension-Extend start and endIntersections Input settings Distance limitHow objects wil
17、l be displayed when the plane is used in a 3D window.SurfacesWellsSeismicPolygonsIntersections 3D grid settings Color and display settings for:-Horizons -Faults -ZonesProperty filterGrid lines3.Position the intersection to the desired position by:Manipulate plan in 2/3D windowUse the intersection pl
18、ayerIntersection windowSetting up an intersection window1.Insert a new intersection window2.Click on an existing General Intersection or insert a new one123Intersection windowSetting up an intersection window4.Toggle on data from the Input ot Model panes5.Add on desired marginaliaAxesLegendsHeaderIn
19、formation box Bitmap of intersection position45Intersections Exercise Generate and Display data on general intersections,well intersections and polygon intersectionsPlotting Lecture and exercise purpose Purpose:Learn tips and tricks to help improve your maps You will learn to:Set a fixed scale Use t
20、he Set home function Link to coordinate group Link to visual group Annotations Printer setup Printing using the Process ManagerPlottingFixed scaled1.Go to the windows pane312.Open the settings for the Map viewport under the active map window3.Set scale and tick on the Fixed option4.Push applyPlottin
21、gSet home scale function1.Open a map viewport2.Display data and adjust until satisfied3.Click on the set home scale icon4.To use the home position click on the use home scale icon341.Open settings for viewport one and select”Linked to coordinate group:First”2.Do the same for viewport number two3.Scr
22、olling and panning is synchronizedPlottingLinked to coordinate groupThis option will synchronize all scrolling and panning actions for each linked viewport e.g.in a montage plot1231.Open settings for a window(from the windows tab)and select”Linked to visual group:First”2.Do the same for another wind
23、ow3.Any object displayed in one window is also displayed in the otherPlottingLinked to visual groupThis option will link windows to share display events.Once the windows are linked then any object displayed in one window will automatically be displayed in the other 1PlottingAnnotations1.Select New A
24、nnotations from the Insert menu1232.The annotations will appear in the Input tab3.Open the Settings and specify text style,font settings e.g.PlottingAnnotations45674.Define the annotations to insert Premade objects e.g.Segments Free text5.Specify position6.Specify Show/Show always7.Text StylePrintin
25、g Plot sizeEach plot window/viewport may have an independent plot size and paper size.1.Open the Show paper and margin settings2.Specify the Plot sizeNote:This size,not the printer paper size will be used for graphic export(PDF,CGM,EMF)12Printing Paper size1.Specify the paper size12.Specify the marg
26、ins on the plot2Plot windows multiple viewports A plot window may consist of different viewports combined with arrows,textboxes e.g.1.Insert a new plot window from the window menu2.Insert viewports manualy123.Or use the”Setup multiple viewports”3Printing Process Manager1.Use the predefined workflow:”Make a scaled plot of each horizon in the active 3D grid”2.Add the”Get Name”and”Export Graphic”into the workflow3.Define the variable and the output path123
