1、【备战高考】名词练习题及答案一、单项选择名词1He made an _ to me for losing my book.AapologyBambitionCappearanceDalarm【答案】A【解析】【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：他为弄丢了我的书而向我道歉。A. apology道歉；B. ambition抱负；C. appearance出现；D. alarm警报。根据“for losing my book”可知，此处表示“向我道歉”，故A项正确。2场景、场面 ( 着重人物的活动) 3An advantage of living on the top floor of a high r
2、ise building is that you can get a good _.Ascene BsceneryCsight Dview【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查名词辨析。句意：住在高楼大厦顶层的优点是你能看很好地欣赏风景。A. scene 情景 B. scenery景色 C. sight 景象 D. view风景。view“风景”普遍用语,指从某个角度所看到的风景。根据句意，故D选项正确。【点睛】Scene:1. 某地的景色、风景，指展现在眼前的情景，也可以指scenery的一部分4His conflicted with that of the other witnesses and
3、yet his story had, for me, the ring of truth.Aexpectation BinstructionCresponse Daccount【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查名词辨析。句意：他的叙述与其他目击者讲的有矛盾。然而在我看来，他所说的有可能是真的。A. expectation期望；B. instruction指示；C. response 回应 ;D. account陈述。由“yet his story”可知，account符合句意。故D选项正确。5Only when women are enabled to become strong will our
4、 families, our economies, and our societies reach their fullest .Adistinction BinnovationCpotential Dappreciation【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查名词。A. distinction区别； B. innovation创新； C. potential潜能； D. appreciation欣赏。句意：只有当妇女能够变得强大时，我们的家庭、经济和社会才能充分发挥其潜力。结合句意可知答案为C。6 attention to surrounding traffic is a(n) to accide
5、nts.ADrivers not paying; invitationBDrivers not paying; invitationCDrivers not paying; causeDDrivers not paying; cause【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查动名词和名词。句意：司机不注意周围的交通会引起事故。此处是动名词的否定形式作主语，且逻辑主语是名词所有格形式，所以第一个空应填Drivers not paying；第二个空，an invitation to“-的一个邀请”，结合句意此空填invitation。故选B。7As an American living in-Tianjin
6、 for about 10 years, Chris says that it has been a _ be a witness to Chinas great progress.Aprivilege Bpreference Cpriority Dprinciple【答案】A【解析】【详解】考查名词辨析。句意：作为一个在天津生活了大约10年的美国人，克里斯说，能够见证中国的巨大进步是一种荣幸。A. privilege 荣 幸；B. preference偏爱；C. priority 优 先；D. principle原则。 privilege“荣幸”符合句意。故A选项正确。8Some netiz
7、ens use “beat a call” as an _ to “cheering for” to show their approval or support for others.Aalternative BaccountCapology Dacquaintance【答案】A【解析】【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：一些网民用“打call”代替“为之欢呼”来表示对他人的赞赏或支持。A. alternative供替代的选择；B. account描述；C. apology道歉；D. acquaintance熟人。故选A。9Violent programs on television may h
8、ave a bad on children.Ainjury BpressureCimpression Dinfluence【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查名词。A. injury伤害； B. pressure压力； C. impression印象； D. influence影响。句意：电视上的暴力节目可能对孩子有不良影响。固定词组：have an effect/ influence on“对-有影响”。故选D。10It has been proved that there is a(n) _ between smoking and certain diseases.Aconnection Bde
9、scription.Cexpression Dconcentration【答案】A【解析】【详解】考查名词词义辨析。A. connection联系；B. description描述；C. expression表达；D. concentration集中。句意：已经证实吸烟和某些疾病之间有联系。根据句意可知此处表示“联系”，故A项正确。11William， grandson of the Queen， said he would not expect or accept special_when he was considering joining the armyAtreatmentBachie
10、vementCstatementDrequirement【答案】A【解析】【详解】考查名词辨析。句意：威廉王子，英国女王的孙子，说当他考虑参军的时候，他不会期待或者接受特别的对待。treatment治疗、对待，这里指跟其他士兵不同的对待； achievement成就； statement声明、陈述； requirement要求、需要，根据句意，故选A。12We cant make out his _ of the article because there are too many technical terms in it.AfictionBabstractCclaimDprinciple【
11、答案】B【解析】【详解】考查名词辨析。句意：我们不能弄清楚他这篇文章的摘要，因为里面有太多的术语。A. fiction虚构类文学作品；B. abstract摘要；C. claim声称；D. principle原则。由“ article ”可知，abstract“摘要”符合句意。故B选项正确。13$300, and thats my last offer.OK. It is a _.AchargeBpriceCcostDdeal【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：300美元，这是我最后的报价。好的，成交。A. charge要价；B. price价格；C. cost花费，费用；D.
12、deal交易。It is a deal.意为“成交”，是固定表达。故选D项。14事故现场Scenery:指某地总的自然景色或风景全貌。Sight:既可以指场景、眼前看到的景观，多指人工的事物，又可以指名胜、风景，只是在表示后者的含义时，必须要用复数。View:1.常指从远处或高处看到的scenery的一部分，有时可与scene互换。2.视野=sight 3.观点 跟opinion同义。根据本句句意可知，D选项正确。15In the book, the author describes how Iran has long sought an with America.AaccelerationB
13、accomplishmentCaccumulationDaccommodation【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查名词辨析。句意：这本书里，作者描述了伊朗如何长期与美国寻求和解。A. acceleration加速，促进；B. accomplishment成就，完成；C. accumulation积聚，累积；D. accommodation和解，膳宿。根据句意，故选D。16Did you see the new movie directed by that famous director？ Its said to be _ great funNo I have been busy repairin
14、g all the broken office _ these days（）Aa； equipmentBthe； equipmentsC/； equipmentD/；equipments【答案】C【解析】试题分析：句意：上文，你看了这部由那位著名导演导演的新电影了吗？据说很有趣。下文，没有。那些天我一直在忙于修理损坏的办公室设备。第一个空，抽象名词前不用冠词；第二个空，equipment是不可数名词，选C。考点：考查冠词17Deliberately push yourself out of your _. Try things that you do not normally try.Aori
15、ginBbudgetCroutineDidentity【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查名词词义辨析。A. origin起源；B. budget预算；C. routine常规，惯例；D. identity身份。句意：故意让自己脱离常规。尝试一些你通常不会尝试的事情。结合句意可知答案为C。18“We trust that todays talks will help create _ on the Belt and Road Initiative as part of the efforts to build a global community of a shared future,” said
16、Zhou Shuchun.AconsensusBconsequenceCcompromiseDcompetence【答案】A【解析】【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：周树春表示:“我们相信，今天的会谈将有助于就一带一路倡议达成共识，这是构建全球命运共同体努力的一部分。”A. consensus共识 ；B. consequence结果；C. compromise妥协; D. competence 胜任。会谈将有助于就一带一路倡议达成共识。所以 consensus“共识”符合句意。故选A项。19More than half of the participants said that getting
17、married was not an important_ for becoming an adult.AtensionBrestrictionCcirculationDcriterion【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查名词。句意：超过一半的受访者表示，结婚并不是成为成年人的重要标准。A. tension紧张；B. restriction限制，约束；C. circulation流通，传播；D. criterion标准，准则。根据getting married和becoming an adult可知，结婚是成为一个成年人的“准则”。故选D。20Actively involve yourself i
18、n voluntary work and you will see what a(an) _ it will make to your future life.AinfluenceBcontributionCdifferenceDvariety【答案】C【解析】【详解】本题考查固定短语。解题步骤：1.确定各项意思：A. influence影响；B. contribution贡献；C. difference不同；D. variety多样化；2.确定答案：固定短语make a difference有影响。句意：积极地参与志愿者的工作，你就会看见它对你未来的生活有多么大的影响。故选C。21New _
19、 continue to use ancient methods of agriculture to maintain the terraces.AcharactersBgenerationsCinsectsDtourists【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查名词。句意：新一代人继续使用古老的农业方法来维持梯田。A. characters 特点；B. generations 一代人；C.insects 昆虫；D. tourists游客。分析句子可知，新一代人继续使用古老的农业方法来维持梯田。故选B。22As we all know, there is a close _ between diet
20、and health.AconnectionBevidenceCpowerDbelief【答案】A【解析】【详解】考查名词辨析。句意：我们都知道，饮食和健康之间有密切的联系。A. connection联系；B. evidence证据；C. power力量，能力；D. belief信念，信仰。此处指饮食和健康两者的联系，故选A。23I cant stay out overnight without my parents _.AreputationBprejudiceCpresentationDapproval【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查名词。句意：未经父母的同意，我不能在外过夜。A. repu
21、tation声誉；B. prejudice偏见；C. presentation 授予，介绍；D. approval批准，同意。根据句意，填入approval正确。故选D。24Lao Gan Ma is the best chilli sauce in China. The company built up its_by constantly providing high-quality products at a relatively low price.AreputationBcampaignCappetiteDoccupation【答案】A【解析】【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：老干妈是中
22、国最好的辣椒酱。该公司通过不断以较低的价格提供高质量的产品而建立了自己的声誉。A. reputation名誉；B. campaign运动；C. appetite胃口；D. occupation职业，占有。由“by constantly providing high-quality products at a relatively low price”可知，reputation“名誉”符合句意。故选A。25The self-driving smart bus is already operating in 10 cities across China, with the latest_ in S
23、hanghai in August.AexplorationBexclusionCexpansionDexplosion【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：自动驾驶智能巴士已经在中国10个城市投入运营，最新的一次扩展是今年8月在上海。A. exploration探索，勘探；B. exclusion排外；C. expansion扩大，扩展；D. explosion爆炸。根据句意及选项，此处是说自动驾驶智能巴士最新一次投入使用是在上海。故选C。26Children should not see the films full of violent (暴力的) .AsightsBview
24、sCsignsDscenes【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查名词辨析。句意：孩子们不应该看充满暴力的电影场景。A. sights景象；B. views风景；看法；C. signs迹象；D. scenes场面；（戏剧的）一场。根据上文“the films full of violent ”可推断，此处指“电影中的场景”。故选D。【点睛】scene，view，sight，sign的区别。1. sight则既可以指场景、眼前看到的景观，又可以指名胜、风景，但表示后者的含义时，习惯上要用复数。如：The sight was quite amusing. 这景象使人感到有趣。We saw the sigh
25、ts of Hong Kong by bus. 我们乘公共汽车观看香港的风景。Mary walked round the town, looking at the sights. 玛丽在城里到处转，逛各处景点。2. view主要指从某处看到的东西或景象，有时也指“风景”，尤指自然美景（fine natural scenery）。如：From the window there was a clear view of the mountains. 从窗户往外看是一览无余的群山。The view makes this a good location for a house. 景观使得此处成为建房的好
26、地点。The view was wonderful. If Id had a camera, I would have taken some photographs. 风景好极了，要是我带有照相机，我就照几张像了。3. scene 多指某一特定或具体场面所表示的“景色”、“场景”等，可以是室内的也可以是室外的、可以是城市的也可以是乡村的、可以是活动的也可以是静态的等。如：There are some pretty scenes in the park. 公园里有几处美丽的景色。As he entered the room, he was confronted by a scene of dis
27、order. 他进入房间，面对的是一幅乱糟糟的场面。4. sign 是符号，手势，迹象，指示牌的意思。Headaches may be a sign of stress.头痛可能是紧张的迹象。The sign on the wall said Now wash your hands .墙上的牌子上写着“请洗手”。27Tony put on soft music and turned down the lights in order to give a more relaxed _ at home.AviewBattitudeCstyleDatmosphere【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查名词词
28、义辨析。句意：托尼放了柔和的音乐，把灯调暗，以便使家里的气氛更轻松。A. view视野，风景；B. attitude态度；C. style风格；D. atmosphere气氛。根据语境及选项分析可知，此处指更轻松的“氛围”。故选D。28The system has been designed to give its users quickly and easy _to the required information.Away BapproachCmanner Daccess【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：这套系统设计的目的是为了让学生快捷方便地获得信息。A. way方式；方
29、法；B. approach方法；C. manner方式；D. access接近(的机会)；使用之权。access to接近，有权使用；进入，通向的路口。access to“有权使用；查阅（或使用）的机会（或权利）”，根据句意，故选D。29We observe the tradition of having a big family dinner with aan _ of delicious food on Spring Festivals Eve.Aboom BdivisionCreputation Dabundance【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查名词辨析。句意：我们遵循传统，在除夕夜吃一
30、顿有着丰盛美食的家宴。A. boom繁荣；B. division分配；C. reputation名声；D. abundance丰富，根据题意，故选D。30- Do you agree friends you spend time with will change your life in one way or another?- Couldnt agree more. Hopefully our students can show great _ in their choices of friends.AaccommodationBdiscriminationCreputationDdistinction【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：你同意和你在一起的朋友会以这样或那样的方式改变你的生活吗？完全同意，希望我们的学生在选择朋友方面表现出很强的鉴别能力。A. accommodation住处；B. discrimination鉴别力；C. reputation名誉；D. distinction区别。根据“their choices of friends”可知此处表示“鉴别力”，故B项正确。
