1、Unit 6 Sunshine for all 6.1 Comic strip & Welcome to the unit1. Im training to be a volunteer for the Olympic Games. 我正在为成为奥林匹克运动会的志愿者而训练。train意为“训练”，常构成短语train for，意为“为而训练”，介词for表示目的，意为“为”；其中train作不及物动词；train as意为“训练当”。He is training to be a doctor.他正训练当一名医生。They are training for the coming World C
2、up.他们正在为即将到来的世界杯集训。He is now being trained as a volunteer.他现在正在接受训练成为一名志愿者。train也可以作及物动词，后面直接跟宾语。 They are training the dolphin to help them save people in the sea.trainer n教练员驯兽师trainee n接受培训者，学员，实习生【考点解析Olympic games】 Olympic Games是一个复数形式的短语，但当它作主语时，谓语有的时候用单数形式，有的时候用复数形式。一般情况下，当Olympic Games泛指时用复数
3、形式；而特指某一次奥运会时常常用单数形式。The Olympic Games are held every four years. 奥运会每四年举行一次。 The last Olympic Games was held in London in 2012. 上一届奥运会是2012年在伦敦举行的。2. Its meaningful to do something for the Olympics. 为奥林匹克运动会做一些事情是很有意义的。meaningful形容词，意为“有意义的”，由名词meaning加形容词后缀-ful构成。句型“Itsadj.(for sb.)to do sth.“结构。I
4、ts meaningful to plant trees every year.每年植树很有意义。mean 动词，意为“意思是，意味着”；meaning名词，意为“意义”，由动词mean加-ing构成；meaningless，形容词，“无意义的”。3. I need some more food to eat at work我需要更多食物在工作时吃。need(1) 作情态动词，通常用在疑问句、否定句中。Need he go so soon? 他这么快就要走吗？He neednt go.他不必走。(2) 作行为动词Does he need to go so soon? 他这么快就要走吗？He d
5、oesnt need to go.他不需要走。He needs to go他得走。He needs our help.他需要我们的帮助。作行为动词的need后可接动名词的主动形式表示被动含义。The garden needs watering(to be watered).花园该浇水了。some more food 更多一些食物 数量意义词+more+名词: 表更多=another+数量意义词+名词4. They can provide special places for homeless people to stay.provide sth. for sb. 为某人提供某物 =provid
6、e sb. with sth.He was very poor because hed toprovidefood for seven children.他很穷，因为他要给七个孩子提供食物。6.2 Reading1. task n. 任务，工作 How long will it take to finish this task? 完成这项任务需要多少时间? 2. background n. 背景The mountains form a background to this photograph of the family. 这幅家庭照的背景是群山。3. Liu Ming did not kno
7、w what to expect刘明不知道期待什么 (1)表示“期待，期望”，通常用作及物动词Im expecting a telephone call from her.We should not expect success overnight.(2)expect它还可以表示“预计；预料”等。I expect a storm我预计会有场暴风雨。I expect to be back on Sunday. /I expect that l will be back on Sunday. 我预计周日回来。(3)其后可接不定式或不定式的复合结构，但不能接动名词。I expect to finis
8、h the work by Friday.我预计在星期五以前完成此项工作。He expected her to go with him.化期望她同他一起去。(4)其后可接that从句，若从句谓语为否定，注意否定的转移。I dont expect that he has arrived so early.我预料他不会到得这么早。4.many events similar to those in the Olympics 很多与奥运会类似的项目短语similar to those in the Olympics为后置形容词短语， 用于修饰events。similar 意思是“相似的，类似的”。be
9、 similar to 意为“与相似 / 相仿”。His teaching style is similar to that of most teachers. 他的教学风格和多数教师相似。be similar in 表示“在某方面相似 / 相仿”。The two houses are similar in shape. 这两个房子在形状上相似。5.necessary adj. 必须的；必要的It is necessary to remember these facts. 记住这些事实是很有必要的。【拓展】句型“Itsadj.(for sb.)to do sth.“结构。当形容词修饰后面的动词
10、不定式时，如necessary, difficult/hard, tiring, easy, (im)possible等时，介词用for；当形容词修饰人（的内在品质时），如generous, kind, good/great, polite等时，介词用of。6. achieve vt. “达到，取得”，指经过努力取得胜利、成功，实现目的、目标等。You will achieve your ambition if you work hard. 如果你努力，你的抱负是可以实现的。7. Volunteering for the Special Olympics World Games 为夏季特奥会做
11、志愿者 (1)volunteer vi. & vt. 志愿做，义务做volunteer for . 志愿做；主动做No one volunteered for cleaning the henhouse. 没有人主动去清理鸡舍。(2) volunteer to . 志愿做；主动提出He volunteered to water our plants. 他主动提出给我们的植物浇水。(3) volunteer n. 义务工作者；志愿者Zhalong Nature Reserve needs volunteers to count and describe birds. 学校需要义务工作者来数和描述
12、鸟。 8. The Special Olympics World Games give children and adults with intellectual disabilities a chance to show their skills to the world. 特奥会给有智力缺陷的孩子和成人一个向全世界展示能力的机会。（1）句中的with intellectual disabilities 为后置定语，修饰children and adults。介词短语作定语一般要后置。The key to my bicycle is missing. 我的自行车钥匙丢了。（2）chance可
13、作可数名词，意为“机会；机遇”。 Please give me a chance to explain. 请给我一个解释的机会。【拓展】by chance意为“偶然地；碰巧”。I met one of my old friends by chance yesterday.9. Over 40,000 people gave up their spare time for the 2007 Special Olympics World Games.give up 意为“放弃”，其后可接动词-ing形式。Nicks father had to give up smoking because of
14、his illness.give up后还可跟名词（短语）。Eds mother gave up her job to look after him.代词作give up的宾语时要放在give和up之间。This is a good chance. I wont give it up.10. Then they provided support for the athletes and helped make the event a great success.然后志愿者们为运动员提供支持，使本届特奥会取得很大的成功。句中的support可以用作名词或动词，意思是“支持”。 11. He wa
15、s born with intellectual disabilities.他生下来就有智力问题。短语be born with 意思是“生来具有”。He was born with a weak heart. 他生来心脏虚弱。 12. It was very brave of him to join the competition. 他参加竞赛真的很勇敢。句型Its + adj. + of sb. to do sth. 通常表示说话人对客观事件的惊讶、兴奋、懊悔、难过等感叹情绪。表示聪明或愚蠢的形容词, 有clever, wise, foolish, stupid, silly, unwise
16、, dumb(愚笨的), absurd (荒谬的)等。如：Its silly of him to do such a thing. 他竟干出这样的事，真是愚蠢！（1） 表示正确或错误的形容词, 有 right, wrong, correct, incorrect 等。如:It was right of her not to come here. 她没有来这儿，太对了！（2） 表示好坏等品性的形容词, 此类词较多, 有good, nice, kind, friendly, lovely, wonderful, bad, unkind, naughty等。 如: Its friendly of y
17、ou to come and see me. 你能来看我，真够朋友！（3） 表示褒义或贬义色彩的形容词, 有brave, polite, careless, selfish。如: It was brave of you to manage to do it. 你居然能做成这件事，真勇敢！13. To Li Hai, the most important thing is not to win a gold or a silver, but to take part.对李海来说，最重要的东西不是赢得一块金牌或银牌，而是参与。not but 不是而是PE is not my favourite,
18、but Music. 我最喜欢的不是体育而是音乐。14. Li Hai tried his best and finished fourth. 李海尽了最大努力并取得第四名。当序数词表示名次时，其前面的定冠词通常可以省略。Who won (the) first prize? 谁获得了一等奖？ 15. Its fantastic to work as a volunteer! 作为一名志愿者工作真是太棒了！work as意为“担任；以身份而工作”。当序数词表示名次时，其前面的定冠词通常可以省略。He works as a head teacher in our school.他在我们学校担任班主
19、任。16. To Li Hai, the most important thing is not to win a gold or a silver, but to take part.win的用法如下：(1)用作不及物动词，意为“获胜，得胜，成功，达到”，与succeed同义，与fail相反。We won in the football match last week.在上周的足球比赛中我们赢了。(2)用作及物动词，意为“获得，博得”。He won the Nobel Prize for physics.他获得诺贝尔物理学奖。He won the first prize for his in
20、vention.他的发明获得了一等奖。winsth.（赢的东西）；beatsb.（打败的人）We beat them.我们赢了他们。Who won the game，Li Ming or Liu Hai?谁赢了游戏，李明还是刘海？17. Athletes and volunteers from different backgrounds feel like part of one big family.来自不同背景的运动员和志愿者感觉像一个大家庭的成员。 (1)意为“想要”，feel like doing意为“想要做某事”，相当于want/would like to do sth.I feel
21、 like eating this kind of food.我想吃这种食物。(2)意为“觉得像；摸起来像”。The cap feels like an animal这帽子摸起来像一个动物。18. Its great for us to work closely with these special athletes. 对于我们来说和这些特殊的运动员在一起紧密合作真好。work closely with意为“与紧密合作”。I often work closely with my deskmate.我经常和我的同桌紧密合作。6.3 GrammarIt isadjto-infinitive（It
22、is形容词十动词不定式）It isadj.forto-infinitive1) It isadjto-infinitive（It is形容词十动词不定式）“It is形容词动词不定式”可以用来描述行为和情境。在该句型中，it是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的动词不定式。把真正的主语放在句末而用it作形式主语也是为了句子的协调，避免“头重脚轻”。该句型中的形容词是用来描述行为或情境的。It is dangerous to play football in the street在街上踢足球是危险的。It is hard to understand what he said.要理解他的话是很难的。2)
23、It isadj.forto-infinitive“It is形容词for动词不定式”可以用来具体说明正在谈论的事情。在该句型中，it是形式主语，for后面所引导的人或物是动词不定式的逻辑主语，for sb./sth. to do sth.在英语中通常称为动词不定式的复合结构。其中的形容词用来说明不定式的特征，而不是说明人的特征或性格。用于该句型的常见形容词有：hard，difficult，easy，important, interesting, dangerous, possible, impossible, meaningful, comfortable, uncomfortable等。I
24、ts difficult for you to pass the exam.对你来说通过这次考试是困难的。2. It isadjof(not) to do sth（It is形容词of动词不定式）“It is形容词of动词不定式”结构用来对某人的品质、性格等作出评价，其中的形容词必须是表示人的品质、性格等的形容词。it是形式主语，没有实际意义。该结构中的sb.和(not) to do sth.有着逻辑上的主谓关系，所以该句型又可以转换成“sb.beadj.(not) to do sth.”。用于该句型的常见形容词有：careless，careful，clever, foolish, good,
25、 kind, nice, polite, impolite, rude, selfish, generous, wise, silly, modest, proud, thoughtful等。Its very nice of you to give me a gift. =You are very nice to give me a gift.你送给我礼物，你真好。It is silly of you not to forgive others for their mistakes. =You are silly not to forgive others for their mistakes
26、.你不原谅别人的错误是愚蠢的。3. donate . to . 捐给donate money to charities 给慈善机构捐钱donate blood to people in need给有需要的人献血.4. experience 经验，经历表示经验时是不可数名词，表示经历时是可数名词。The greatest teacher is experience. 经验是最好的老师。 Please tell us your experiences in America. 请你告诉我们你在美洲的经历。experience还可以做动词用，意为“经历”The more you experience,
27、 the more knowledge you will get.5. have trouble (in) doing sth.做某事有麻烦Do you have trouble in learning English? 你在英语上有困难吗? have trouble (in) doing sth.=have trouble with sth.另外have trouble (in) doing sth.结构中，trouble还可以换成“difficulty, problems”6.4 Integrated skills & Study Skills1. north-west China中国西北
28、部 (1)表示方位的名词east，west等常与介词on，in，to连用，来表达两地的相互位置，但含义却各有不同：表示某地在某一特定区域内时，用余词in。Nanjing is in the south of Jiangsu.南京在江苏的南部。表示某地在某一特定区域外，且两地相互接壤时，用介词on。Henan is on the west of Shandong.河南在山东的西部。表示某地在某一特定区域外，且两地相互不相连时，用介词to。Korea is to the east of China.韩国在中国的东面。(2) east，west等方位词既可作名词又可作形容词。作名词时常用于“the方
29、位词of”结构中，表示“部”；作形容词时常构成具有行政区划意义的专有名词。试比较：She works in the north of China.她在中国的北部工作。She works in North China.她在华北工作。east，west作形容词时意为“东方的；东部的”、“西方的；西部的”。一般说来，east，west等构成专有名词时具有一定的政治意义或社会意义，其划分较为明确；而eastern，western只是单纯从地理方位上讲，无政治或社会意义，且划分较为模糊。如：East China华东（特指行政区划中的东部几省）；eastern China申国东部（泛指中国的东部地区）。
30、2. in mountain area 在山区Most children in city dont like to live in mountain area.绝大部分城里的孩子不喜欢住在山区。area的常见用法如下： 区域；地区 help children in poor areas帮助贫困地区的孩子 面积have an area of 有的面积3. by writing emails通过写电子邮件by在此意为“通过”，后接动词时要用doing的形式。I help him by sending some money to him.我通过给他寄钱的方式帮助他。by的常见用法如下：在近处；在旁边
31、standing by the window站在窗户旁边经；由；从We came by the back road.我们从后面的小路而来。不迟于By tomorrow hell be here.他明天就到这儿。被；由 written by Shakespeare莎士比亚写的以方式 She earns money by writing.她靠写作挣钱。逐一；连续One by one they left.他们一个接一个地离去了。4. daily life 日常生活day (n.) - daily (adj.)日常英语 daily English日报 daily newspaper 以“ly”结尾的形
32、容词：friendly-lively-lovely-likely-lonely-elderly-daily-weekly-monthly-yearly5. save our pocket money 此处save的意思为“储存；保存”If you save money now, you will be able to buy a car soon. 如果你现在存钱的话，你不久就能买小汽车了。save的其他用法： 救save ones life.救某人的命 节约 save a lot of time节约很长时间6. keep in touch 保持联络keep in touch with sb.
33、 与某人保持联系keep in touch by doing sth. 通过某方式保持联系 Wherever you go, keep in touch with me, please. 无论你去哪里，请与我保持联络。6.5 Task & Self-assessment1. He has been ill in hospital since last month. 他从上个月开始生病住院了。本句用的是现在完成时，表示从过去某一时间开始一直持续到现在的动作或事情。They have worked here since 1975.他们从1975年开始就在这工作了。2. have a serious
34、 disease 有严重的血液疾病表示“生病”通常用动词have。如：头疼 have a headachehave a headache是延续性动词词组，其短暂性词组是catch a headache3. lose ones life 失去生命, 丧生许多人在这次地震中丧生了。Many people lost their lives in the earthquake. lose 动词；lost形容词；loss名词4. They do not have enough money for such an operation.他们没有足够的钱做这样的手术。【考点解析so与such】(1) so形容
35、词副词that从句。This story is so interesting that l want to read it again.达个故事如此有趣，我想再读一次。He spoke so quickly that couldnt follow him.他说得如此快，我不能跟上他。(2) so形容词副词(aan)（单数）复数可数名词不可数名词 that从句，如果句中的名词是单数可数名词，其前就要用不定冠词a或an，如果是复数可数名词或者不可数名词，前面就不用冠词。She is so lovely a girl that everyone loves her.她是如此可爱的一个女孩，每个人都喜
36、欢她。Those are so beautiful flowers that the girl wants to pick them.那些花是如此漂亮，那个女孩想要摘下它们。(3) such a/an形容词单数可数名词that从句。It is such an interesting story that l want to read it again.这是一个如此有趣的故事，我想再读一次。(4) such复数可数名词不可数名词that从句。He showed such concern that people took him to be a relative.他表现得如此关心，人们都把他当作亲戚了。operation构成的常用短语有：performdo an operation on sb.给某人做手术5. as soon as possible 尽可能快的as soon as possible意为“尽快”，相当于as soon as sb. can。I will finish the work as soon as possible. =I will finish the work as soon as I can.我将尽快完成这项工作。
