1、I. Old English Literature & the Late Medieval Ages贝奥武夫:thenationalepicoftheAnglo-Saxons Geoffrey Chaucer 杰弗里乔叟1340()1400 The father of English poetry. 坎特伯雷故事集：first time to use heroic couplet(双韵体) by middle English特罗伊拉斯和克莱希德 声誉之宫II The Renaissance PeriodA period of drama and poetry. The Elizabethan
2、drama is the real mainstream of the English Renaissance.Renaissance: the activity, spirit, or time of the great revival of art, literature, and learning in Europe beginning in the 14th century and extending to the 17th century, marking the transition from the medieval to the modern world.Three histo
3、rical events of the Renaissance rebirth or revival:1. new discoveries in geography and astrology2. the religious reformation and economic expansion3. rediscovery of ancient Roman and Greek cultureThe most famous dramatists: Christopher MarloweWilliam ShakespeareBen Johnson.William Shakespeare威廉莎士比亚1
4、5641616lHistorical plays: Henry VI 亨利六世; Henry IV : Richard III 查理三世; Henry V ；Richard II；Henry VIIIFour Comedies: 皆大欢喜; 第十二夜; 仲夏夜之梦; 威尼斯商人Four Tragedies: 哈姆莱特; 奥赛罗; 李尔王; 麦克白Shakespeare Sonnet :154 Three quatrain and one couplet, ababcdcdefefgg A sonnet is a lyric consisting of 14 lines, usually in
5、iambic pentameter restricted to a definition rhyme scheme. the comedy of errors 错中错， Titus Andronicus泰特斯安特洛尼克斯，The Taming of the shrew 驯悍记 Loves labours lost （爱的徒劳）Romeo and Juliet 罗密欧与朱丽叶 Much ado about nothing（无事生非）The merry wives of Windsor. 温莎的风流娘们 King John 约翰王Alls well that ends well 终成眷属 Meas
6、ure for measure（一报还一报）Bacon: Of Studies; Of Beauty; Of Marriage and Single Life English Bourgeois Revolution，学术的推进III：the period of the English bourgeois revolution. Milton：16081674Paradise Lost; Samson Agonistes (力士参孙); On the morning of Christs Nativity，复乐园我的失明论出版自由n为英国人民声辩Bunyan: 16281688Religion
7、ary Allegory:天路历程nGrace Abounding to the Chief of Sinner; the Holy WarJohn Don: the Metaphysical poet(玄学派诗人).Metaphysical Poetry(玄学诗)：（用语）the diction is simple, the imagery is from the actual, (形式)the form is frequently an argument with the poets beloved, with god, or with himself.（主题：love, religiou
8、s, thought）The Flea; 跳蚤 Forbbiding Mourning， Songs And Sonnets歌与十四行诗，emergent occasions 突变引起的诚念 Hely sonnetsIV The 18th Century：Enlightenment A revival of interest in the old classical works, order, logic, restrained emotion(抑制情感) and accuracyThe Age of Enlightenment/Reason: the movement was a furth
9、erance of the Renaissance of the 15th and 16th centries, a progressive intellectual movement, reason(rationality), equality&science(the 18th century)小说崛起：In the mid-century, the newly literary form, modern English novel rised(realistic novel现实主义小说)Gothic novel(哥特式小说)：mystery, horror, castles(from mi
10、ddle part to the end of century)Jonathan Swift乔纳森斯威夫特16671745（十八世纪杰出的政论家和讽刺小说家a master satirist。） 格列佛游记(fictional work) Four parts: Lilliput 小人国 Brobdingnag 大人国 Flying Island 飞岛 Houyhnhnm 马岛一个小小的建议n 书战 木桶的故事n 一个麻布商的书信 Bickerstaff Almanac 比克斯塔福历书Daniel Defoe丹尼尔笛福16601731（小说家，新闻记者，小册子作者；十八世纪英国现实主义小说的奠
11、基人。）lHe is the first writer study of the lower-class people, his language is smooth, easy, colloquial and mostly vernacular, and he is the founder of realistic novel. 鲁宾逊漂流记It praise the fortitude of the human labor and the Puritan. Robinson grew from a naive and artless youth into a shrewd and hard
12、ened man,tempered by numerous trials in his eventful life. It is an adventure story, Robinson, narrates how he goes to sea, gets shipwrecked and marooned on a lonely island, struggles to live for 24-years there and finally gets relieved and returns to England. 辛格顿船长Henry Fielding亨利菲尔丁17071754The fun
13、der of the English realistic world He is called “Father of English novel”. He was the first to write a “Comic epic in prose”(散文体史诗), and the first to give the modern novel its structure and style. novels:弃婴汤姆琼斯约瑟夫安德鲁大诗人江奈生威尔德爱米利亚n plays:一七三六年历史记事堂吉柯德在英国nWilliam Blake威廉布莱克17571827 天真之歌 A happy and in
14、nocent world from childrens eye. 经验之歌 A word of misery, poverty, disease, war and repression with a melancholy tone from men eyes.Include: 扫烟囱的小孩 Lamb is a symbol of peace and purity Tyger is a symbol of dread and oiolence 天堂与地狱的婚姻nRobert Burns罗伯特彭斯17591796 The greatest Scottish poet in the late 18t
15、h century.Poems Chiefly in the Scottish Dialect主要用苏格兰方言写的诗 约翰安德生，我的爱人，Chiefly in the Scottish Dialect，苏格兰抒情歌谣集 一朵红红的玫瑰n 友谊地久天长 不管那一套n 我的心在那高原上 自由树 Farewell to Scotland 再见苏格兰V The Romantic Period The romantic period began in 1798 the publication of Wordsworth and Coleridges , and end in 1832 with Sir
16、 Walter Scotts death. Romanticism:It emphasize the specialqualitie of each individuals mind.(人应该是独立自由的个体) In it, emotion over reason, spontaneous emotion, a change from the outer world of social civilization to the inner world of the human spirit, poetry should be free from all rules, imagination, n
17、ature, commonplace.Two major novelists of the Romantic period are Jane Austen (realistic) and Walter Scott (romantic).“The Lake Poets”湖畔诗人，who lived in the lake district. William Wordsworth; Samuel Taylor Coleridge; Robert SoutheyWilliam Wordsworth威廉华兹华斯17701850 抒情歌谣集(with Samuel Taylor Coleridge) M
18、y Heart Leaps up When I Behold，Above Tintern Abbey; Intimations of Immortality Lines Composed A Few Miles Above Tintern Abbey The Solitary Reaper孤独的割麦女 序曲George Gordon Byron乔治戈登拜伦17881824（拜伦式英雄Byronic heroes孤傲、狂热、浪漫，却充满了反抗精神。内心充满了孤独与苦闷，却又蔑视群小。恰尔德哈罗德是拜伦诗歌中第一个“拜伦式英雄”。）l “Byronic hero” is a proud, myst
19、erious rebel figure of noble origin, against tyrannical rules or moral principles. 唐璜恰尔德哈罗德尔游记该隐 当初我们俩分别 My Soul is Dark; The First Kiss of Love;Persy Bysshe Shelley波西比希雪莱17921822 Poetic Drama：解放了的普罗米修斯 Theme: the drama celebraies mans victory over tyranny and oppression 麦布女王 伊斯兰的反叛 钦契一家诗辩 无神论的必要性 L
20、yrics: 西风颂 Loves Philosophy; The Cloud; To a Skylark(致云雀); Johnl Keats约翰济慈17951821 (“美即是真，真即是美”是他的著名诗句。) Four great odes: 希腊古瓮颂 夜莺颂心灵颂 忧郁颂 秋颂n Isabella VI The Victorian Period 1832-1900 English Critical Realism(Victorian Era)Common sense and moral propreity, again became the predominant preoccupatio
21、n. Critical realists were all concerned about the fate of the common people and everyday events.Charles Dickens查尔斯狄更斯18121870（批判现实主义小说家）the greatest representative of English critical realist writer 匹克威克外传 奥利弗特维斯特（雾都孤儿） 老古玩店 圣诞颂歌 董贝父子 大卫科波菲尔 荒凉山庄艰难时世 双城记(London & Paris) 远大前程 我们共同的朋友 Sketches by Boz;
22、 American Notes 美国札记 William Makepeace Thackeray威廉麦克匹斯萨克雷18111863 or a Novel without a Hero名利场(the name is an excerpt from by John Bunyan) Coxs Diary庸人之书Jane Austen简奥斯丁17751817lShe compared her works to a fine engraving upon a literary piece of ivory only inches squire. 理智与感情 傲慢与偏见曼斯菲尔德庄园 爱玛诺桑觉寺 劝导C
23、harlotte Bronte夏洛蒂勃朗特18161855 简爱 雪莉 教师 Emily Bronte艾米莉勃朗特18181854 呼啸山庄 George Eliot乔治艾略特18191880l 弗洛斯河上的磨坊 亚当比德 织工马南 米德尔马契Mid and Late 19th CenturyRobert Browning罗伯特白朗宁18121889 我已故的公爵夫人 海外乡思Men and Women; Dramatic Lyrics; Pippa Paaaes; The Ring and the Book; Elizabeth Barrett Browing: 葡萄牙十四行诗Christi
24、na. G. Rossetti: 1830-1894 Seek and Find; A Story for Girls; Song; A BirthdayVII 19001950 The 20th CenturyPlaywrights Oscar Wilde George Bernard ShawHenrry James: the wings of a dove; a portrait of a women; Daisy Miller; the ambassadors; the golden bowlGeorge Bernard Shaw乔治伯纳萧18561950(英国杰出的批判现实主义剧作家
25、）critical realistic dramatist Plays Unpleasant 华伦夫人的职业 鳏夫的房产 Plays Pleasant 武器与人 左右命运的人Plays 人与超人 匹格玛利翁 苹果车圣女贞德 Heartbreak House.Thomasl Hardy托马斯哈代18401928（小说多以农村生活为背景；自然主义小说家。Wessex novels; novels of character and environment） Novels 德伯家的苔丝 Theme:experience is as to intensity, and not as to duratio
26、n 无名的裘德 绿荫下 远离尘嚣 卡斯特桥市长 还乡 Poems ： Wessex Poems And Other Verses ， Poems Of The Past And PresentThe Dynasts 列国 Oscar Wilde奥斯卡王尔德18561900 salome （The Aesthetic Movement: Art for Arts Sake） 4 Comedies:认真的重要 温德米尔夫人的扇子一个无足轻重的女人理想的丈夫 Novel: 多利安格雷的画像 Fairy Stories: 快乐王子故事集 The Truth Of Masks.William Butle
27、rl Yeats威廉勃特勒叶茨18651939（爱尔兰诗人，剧作家； The Irish nationalist movement 爱尔兰独立运动； The Irish Literary Revival 爱尔兰文艺复兴； The Irish Literary Theater, or the Abbey Theater 爱尔兰民族剧团） collections 苇风 责任 塔 旋转的楼梯 Poems 复活节，1916 第二次来临/再世 到拜占庭航行When You are Old; The Lake Isle of Innisfree;Thomas Sterns Eliot（诗人，剧作家，批评家
28、） Poems 四个四重奏 Plays 大教堂谋杀案Morning at the Window; David Herbert Lawrence戴维赫伯特劳伦斯18851930 Modernist儿子与情人(autobiographical)虹n恋爱中的女人查特莱夫人的情人Jamesl Joyce詹姆斯乔伊斯18821941 Modernist（爱尔兰小说家，意识流小说的代表人物）stream-of-consciousness尤利西斯(S_O_C)一个青年艺术家的肖像芬尼根的苏醒都柏林人Virginia Woolf弗吉尼娅沃尔芙18821941 Modernist（意识流小说的代表人物）stre
29、am-of-consciousness Novels 达洛维夫人到灯塔去浪 雅各布的房间 奥兰朵幕间The Voyage Out; A room of ones ownEdward Morgan Foster Passage To India印度之行 霍华兹别墅 Where Angels Fear to Tread; The Longest Journey; A Room with a View; Howards End; A Passage to India; MauriceDorris LessingThe Grass is Singing; The Golden Notebook; Pa
30、rticularly Cats; Love, AgainSamuel BeckettFinnegans Waken ; More Pricks Than Kicks; Waiting for Godot; The Trilogy Molloy;Malone Dies; The UnameableHarold PinterThe Room; The Birthday Party; Tea Party;The Homecoming; Old Times“文艺复兴”（Renaissance）原意是“再生”，指的是希腊、罗马文化的再生。世俗学校在“神学学科”以外添设了“人文学科”，内容就是希腊、罗马古
31、典各科学术（包括文艺、哲学、历史乃到自然科学）。这些古典学术的研究者和倡导者，被称为“人文主义者”。 古典文化大体上是人道主义 （即把人看成万物的中心）和现世主义，重视科学和哲学的探讨及对美好事物的创造和享受，要求人在身心各方面均衡发展。基督教则以神权中心和来世主义为基本内容，实行蒙昧主义和禁欲主义，两种文化形成了尖锐的对立。以人为本、以人性反神性、以人权反神权、以个性自由、理性至上和人性全面发展为理想的“人文主义”是文艺复兴运动的指导思想，也是文艺复兴时期文学的思想核心。文艺复兴运动在15世纪末、16世纪初影响到英国。早期的人文主义者托马斯莫尔、科列特、格罗辛、林纳克等被称为“牛津改革派”
32、18世纪的欧洲被称为理性时代或启蒙时代。这个时期产生了全欧性的思想运动启蒙运动。启蒙思想家们把启蒙教化民众看作改造社会的基本途径，他们推崇人的理性万能和至高无上，以理性检验旧的制度、传统观念，依赖科学、经验和理智. 在崇尚理性的文化环境中，英国文学中自德莱顿开始的古典主义蔚然成风，在18世纪上、下半叶分别以蒲伯和约翰逊为代表人物。在前期出现的新的散文文学：期刊文学和现实主义小说，也具有启蒙的性质。在中期，特别是40到50年代，现实主义小说取得辉煌成就。到18世纪后期，英国文学中出现了引人瞩目的新的文学潮流：感伤主义和前浪漫主义，表现出对理性主义的不满，预示着英国文学中新的时代浪漫主义时期的到来.
