1、高中英语必修三Unit 5语法汇总一、过去将来时1.过去将来时表示从过去某一时间来看将要发生的动作或存在的状态,常用在宾语从句中。一般由“would/should+动词原形”构成。*She hoped thatthey would meet again someday.她希望将来有一天他们能再见面。*I rang up to tellmy father that I should leave for London.我打电话告诉我父亲我要去伦敦。2.was/were goingto+动词原形:表示过去将要发生或很有可能发生的动作,常用于口语中,表示预言、意图或者打算等。*He was going
2、 tostart work the following week.他打算下星期开始工作。*Alice, whydidnt you come yesterday?爱丽丝,你昨天为什么没来呀?I was going to,but I had an unexpected visitor.我打算去的,但我家来了个不速之客。3.start, go,come, leave, see, meet等动词的过去进行时: 表示就过去某一时刻而言即将发生的动作。*She was cominglater.她随后就来。*I had just put onmy overcoat and was leaving to vi
3、sit a friend of mine.我刚穿上外套要去看我的一个朋友。4.was/were aboutto do: 常用来表示即将发生的动作,“刚要/正要做”。注意该结构不与任何时间状语连用。*I felt thatsomething terrible was about to happen.我感到某种可怕的事情即将发生。*We were about togo there when it began to rain.我们刚打算去那儿,这时天下起了雨。5.was/were to do:表示“曾计划做某事”,如果表示“本来计划做某事,动作没实现”,则需用“was/were to have do
4、ne”。*She said she wasto have told me about the accident.她说她本来想告诉我关于事故的事。*He said he was tomeet his friend at the station at 4 p.m.他说他下午四点去车站接他的朋友。【随堂运用】用所给动词的适当形式完成句子(1)She said thebus _(leave)at five the next morning. (2)I wasnt surewhether he _(lend)me his book the next morning. (3)At that time he
5、did not know that quitting the job _(become) the turning point inhis life. (4)He said he_(visit) China the next week. (5)In hisintroduction, he made it clear that our credits _(be) hard-earned.1.Wasleaving2.wouldlend3.Wasto become4.wasgoing to visit5.Wouldbe二、情态动词(一)may/might1.表示请求或允许,might可以指过去时间,也
6、可指现在时间,语气更委婉。对may的一般疑问句的肯定回答可用may或can,但作否定回答时要用mustnt或cant。*You may come ifyou wish.如果你想来,你就来。*May(Might)I askfor a photo of your baby?我可以要一张你宝宝的照片吗?*May I smokehere?No, youmustnt. Youd better not.我可以在这里吸烟吗?不,不可以。你最好不要吸烟。2.表示可能。可以指过去时间,也可以指现在时间,但语气不肯定。*The crowds mightdamage the beauty of the place.
7、人群可能会破坏这个地方的美。*She may not knowabout it.她可能不知道这件事。3.用于表祝愿的句子中。*May both thebride and groom have long and happy lives.祝新娘新郎幸福长寿。【随堂训练】(1)Are you goingto her party?Im notsure. I _stay home and help mybrother with hishomework.(2) _you have ahappy weekend.Mightmay(二)can/could1.表示能力,can表示现在的能力,could主要指过去
8、的能力。*You can tell thesignificance of climate change to us.你可以告诉我们气候变化的重要意义。*I had hoped tosend Peter a gift to congratulate him on his marriage, but I couldnt manage it.我本来希望送给彼得一件礼物祝贺他结婚,但没有做到。【易错精点】can表示能力的时候,还可以用beable to代替,表示后来通过努力终于做成了某事。*He was a goodswimmer so he was able to swim to the river
9、bank when the boat sank.他是一个很擅长游泳的人,所以当船下沉时,他能够游到河岸上。2.表示请求或许可。当请求允许做某事时,两者均可用,但用could语气更委婉。当表示允许某人做某事时,一般要用can,而不用could。*Can/Could I useyour bike tomorrow morning?Yes, you can./No, Im afraid not.我明天早晨能用你的自行车吗?是的,可以。/不,恐怕不行。*You can go withthem if you like.如果你愿意的话,可以和他们一起去。3.表示推测。can表推测时一般用于否定句和疑问句中
10、(could一般无此限制)。表示对过去发生的行为怀疑或不肯定时,常用“can/could+have+过去分词”的否定或疑问形式。*It cant/couldntbe true.那不可能是真的。*Can/Could he haveheard the news?他听说过这个消息了吗?4.表示客观的、一时的情况,意思是“有时候会”。*The weather inShanghai can/could be very cold in winter.上海冬季可能很冷。5.表示惊异、怀疑,不相信的态度(主要用在否定句、疑问句或感叹句中)。*How can you be socareless!你怎么那么粗心呀
11、!【随堂训练】选词填空can,could, be able to(1)My grandma iswell over eighty, but she _readwithout glasses.(2)Being a wiseperson, he finally _find the place. (3)The cheatersaid that he _turn stone into gold.CanWas able toCould(三)must/haveto1.must表示必须,没有时态变化。强调的是一种主观看法,也表示责任或义务。haveto表示“必须,不得不”,是由于某种外界(客观)原因而“必须
12、,不得不”做某事。mustnt表示禁止做某事;have to的否定形式表示“不必”。haveto可用于多种时态中。*I work notbecause I have to, but because I wantto.我工作不是因为我不得不做,而是因为我想做。(客观上需要做这件事)You must keepthese points in mind while setting your goals.在设定目标时,你必须牢记这些要点。(主观上要做这件事)【易错精点】回答must引出的疑问句时,如果是否定的回答,不能用mustnt,而要用neednt或donthave to。*Must we hand
13、 inour exercise books now?Yes, you must.(No, you neednt./No, you dont have to.)我们现在就必须要交练习本吗?是的,必须。(不,不必。)2.must表示猜测。意为“想必,准是,一定”,只用于肯定句。*The book must bethe one you want.这本书一定是你要的那本。*Shes wearing adiamond necklace. She must have a lot ofmoney.她戴着钻石项链,她一定很有钱。3.must还可表示“偏要”。表示说话人不耐烦、不满的情绪。*Why must i
14、t rainon Sunday?为什么偏要在星期天下雨?【随堂运用】用适当的情态动词填空(1)My sister isill; my mother _look after her. (2)Theres a lotof noise from next door. They _behaving a party.(3)Must I returnall the books in three days?Yes, you _.(No, you _.) (4)If you_go, at least wait until the stormis over.Has toMustMust;neednt/donth
15、ave toMust(四)should1.表示义务、责任,意为“应该”,用于各种人称。*Students shouldhave a proper attitude towards college before thinking about which college toattend.在考虑上哪所大学之前,学生应该对大学有一个正确的态度。*You should bepolite to your teachers.你对老师应该有礼貌。2.表示可能性很大的猜测,说明说话人对客观事物的真实性作出较大可能的判断,意为“想必一定,照说应该,估计”等。*The film shouldbe very goo
16、d as it is starring first-class actors.这部电影是一流演员主演的,估计拍得很好。3.表示说话人的惊讶、愤怒、失望等特殊情感,意为“居然,竟然”。*Amazing! Youshould wear slippers at work.真令人惊讶,你竟然穿着拖鞋上班!【随堂运用】(1)Such a cleverboy _fail the exam.(2)We _obeythe school rules and work hard.(3)Its already10.She promised to come by 10.She _be here at any mome
17、nt.(五)shall1.表示征询意见,用于第一、第三人称疑问句。*Shall I get yousome more tea?再来点茶好吗?*Shall the boywait outside?让那男孩在外面等吗?2.表示说话人的意愿,有“命令、允诺、警告、决心”等意思,用于第二、第三人称陈述句。*You shall come ontime.你必须准时到。(命令)*He shall have thebook when I finish reading it.我读完这本书就给他。(允诺)*Nothing shallstop us from carrying out this plan.没有什么事
18、情能阻止我们实施这项计划。(决心)*No reader shallremove a book from the library without permission.未经许可,读者不准把书带出图书馆。(警告)3.表示强制,用于法令、条约、规章中,意为“必须;应该”。*One of our rulesis that every student shall wear school uniform while at school.我们规定中的其中一项是:每位学生在校期间都要穿校服。*Each part shallrespect the articles of this contract.任何一方都要
19、尊重合同的条款。【随堂运用】写出下列句中shall的含义(1)You shall failif you dont work harder.( )(2)You shall getan answer from me tomorrow.( )(3)You shall bepunished for what youve done.( )(4)Shall I watchTV for a while? ( )(六)need1.用作情态动词,need意为“需要,有必要”,一般用于否定句或疑问句中。疑问句中把need提前,否定形式是在need后加not。*You neednt comehere this af
20、ternoon. 你今天下午不必来。2.用作实意动词,意为“需要, 有必要”,可以用于各种句式中。*You dont need togo now. 你不必现在就走。*I need to have arest.我需要休息一下。*Do we need tofinish all the work today?我们今天需要完成所有的工作吗?【随堂运用】(1)Must I stayhere? No, you _.(2)You _not betold twice about one single thing.Needntneed(七)will/would1.表示意志或意愿。will指现在,would指过去
21、,用于否定句表示“不肯,不乐意”。*I will never dothat again.我决不会再做那种事了。2.表示征求意见或提出请求。主要用于第二人称疑问句中,will和would均可用,would此时不表示过去,而是表示委婉语气。*Will/Would youpass me the book?请你把书递给我好吗?3.will和would可分别表示现在和过去反复发生的动作或某种倾向,意为“总是;常常”。*Fish will diewithout water.没有水, 鱼会死去。*When my parentswere away, my grandmother would takecare of me.我父母外出的时候,总是祖母照看我。*I would be happyto wear traditional Chinese clothes at the welcome ceremony.我很乐意在欢迎仪式上穿中国传统服装。5
