1、八年级下册第10单元 一语法暂短性动词-相应的延续性动词borrow-keep buy-have begin/start-be on leave - be awaydie- be dead finish - be over open-be open close-be closedget married-be marriedjoin - be in +组织机构/be a member组织机构，join the Party- be a Party member join the Army -be in the Army become-be, come /go-be get to/ arrive/r
2、each-be (in), come back- -be back, fall asleep - be asleep,fall ill- be ill get up- -be up get to know - know，put on- -wear, catch a cold -have a cold 注：否定句中，短暂性动词可与表一段时间的状语连用I havent borrowed a book for a long time.一般过去时中用短暂性动词，现在完成时用延续性动词，现在完成时的否定形式可用短暂性动词He has_（leave）since last week. Key:been aw
3、ayHe _（leave）last week. Key:leftThe couple_（marry）for two years/since two years ago.The couple_（marry）two years ago.This film _（begin）five minutes agoThis film_（begin）since five minutes/five minutes ago.His cat _（die）two days agoHis cat _（die）for two days/since two days ago.二、 词形转换1. sweet adj.甜蜜的/含
4、糖的/甜 n.糖果=candy sweets=candies2. memory n. 记忆，回忆 memorize v. 记住复数：memories.3. toy n. 玩具-复数：toys4. scarf n. 围巾 -scarves/scarfs (pl.)5. clear v. 清理 adj. 清晰的/晴朗的 clearly adv. 清楚地6. own v. 拥有 adj. 自己的 owner n. 主人 7. soft adj.柔软的-反义词：hard adj.硬的8. junior adj.初级的-形近词：senior adj.高级的9. certain adj. 某事，某种 ce
5、rtainly adv. 当然10. honest adj. 诚实的，老实的 honesty n. 诚实 dishonest adj.不诚实的 honestly adv.诚实地11. truthful adj. 诚实的/真实的 true adj. 正确的 truth n. 事实 12. shame n. 羞耻，羞愧 shameful adj. 羞愧的13. century n.世纪-复数：centuries.14. count v. 数数 countable adj. 可数的 uncountable adj. 不可数的15. childhood n. 童年 child n. 小孩 - chil
6、dren (pl.) 16. hold 拥有/抓住（holds-held-held-holding）三、 单词短语Section Ayard院子 yard sale庭院拍卖会be on sale 出售/减价出售 for sale待售10% off打九折 a sweet voice悦耳的声音 bring back a sweet memory带回甜蜜的回忆bring back带回使.回想起使.复活bring back ones life使某人复活作文句子：Amy wants to keep her old things because they bring back sweet memories
7、.Amy想留着她的旧东西，因为他们能勾起甜蜜回忆keep her old things留着她的旧东西have a good/bad memory记忆力好/差I can also give old things away to people in need.我也可以把旧的东西捐赠给有需要的人give sth away to sb.把.捐赠给某人people in need（需要中的人）I have had this book for seven years and I have read it three times.But now I dont read it anymore。我拥有这本书七年
8、了，我已经读了三次了，但是现在我不再读这本书了。You can have it for 75 cents.75分你可以拥有它听力：1. over the years这些年 over=during在.期间2. 作文句子：There are many things Ive had since I was a child.这儿有许多东西自从我还是一个孩子的时候我就拥有了.3. 作文句子：Its hard to say goodbye to my favorite things对我喜欢的东西很难说再见.4. by the way顺便问一下5. 作文句子:I learned how to ride a
9、bike on it.我学习了怎样在上面骑自行车.6. 作文句子:Old things really bring back sweet memories.旧东西确实可以带来旧的甜蜜的回忆.7. Its true that we may never use some of these things again.我们不再使用其中的一些东西，这是真的8. We can throw some of them away or sell those,or can also give them away to kids or people who need them.（我们可以扔掉他们中的一些或者卖掉他们或
10、者把他们捐赠给孩子们或者送给孩子或需要他们的人们）9. look through浏览/察看10. Even though Ive already read it twice,its still my favorite book.尽管我已经读了两次了，但它仍然是我最喜欢的书。Even though尽管11. It has special meaning to me because Grandma gave it to me .它对我有特殊的意义，因为是祖母给我的。has special meaning to sb.对某人有特殊意义12. Aunt Taylor泰勒姑姑 Aunt Chen陈阿姨U
11、ncle Tom Tom叔叔 Uncle Li李叔叔Grandma Li李奶奶13. buy sb. Sth.=buy sth for sb.给某人买.东西14. give sb. Sth.=give sth to sb.把.东西给某人15. homemade bread自制面包16. keep the hat and scarf for ice skating为滑冰保留帽子和围巾2d1 welcome to sp.欢迎到某地当sp 为here/there/home时，省略to.welcome home欢迎回家2 a couple of months几个月3 the stories insid
12、e 里面的故事 outside在外面4 a bit=a little= a little bit=kind of有点儿+adj.a bit tired有点累5 check. v检查 n.账单/支票check out察看/核对/结账 check in登记/报到6 soft toy毛绒玩具 soft drink软饮料7 board game棋类游戏 8 a bread maker一台面包机 3a1 grow up fast长得快2 in junior high school初级中学 3 （senior） high school高级中学 4 As the children get bigger,th
13、e house seems to get smaller.当孩子们变得大点的时候，这个房子似乎变得更小了。5 Sell some of our things 卖掉我们东西当中的一些6 give money to a childrens home 把钱给孤儿院7 clear out清理,丟掉8 no longer不再 not any longer时间上的不再no more= not any more数量或程度上的不再9 at first起初10 Although he has not played with his old toys for a long time,he still wanted
14、 to keep them.尽管他没有玩他的旧玩具很长一段时间了吗，但他仍然想保留他们11 on ones own独自的 of one s own自己的 owner主人 He bought a house of his own.他买了一套他自己的房子12 A train and railway set.火车铁路轨道玩具13 since his fourth birthday（注意用序数词）14 He didnt want to lose his toy monkey, either.他也不想失去他的玩具猴。15 He slept next to the monkey every night w
15、hen he was a child.他每天晚上挨着这个猴子睡觉，当他还是个孩子时。16 more understanding更懂事17 I also felt sad to part with my certain toys.和我某个玩具分离，我也觉得伤心18 part with放弃、交出 part 分开角色 take part in 参加 play a part in在.中发挥作用/在.中扮演.角色部位/部分 body parts身体部位e.g.They parted at the airport.他们在机场分开了E.g.School plays an important part in
16、education学校在教育中扮演了重要的角色19 to be honest=truthful=to be frank说实在的，用逗号隔开，20 an honest boy be honest with sb对某人诚实21 for a while暂时=some time after a while过了一会 in a short while 不久/马上/立刻once in a while 偶尔22 be certain to do一定会做. for certain= for sure确信23 as for+ n/pron/doing 至于,关于听力：Theyve been away from t
17、heir hometown for the past few years,but they still love it.Many people always regard with great interest how their hometown have changed.他们在过去几年里已经离开了他们的家乡，但是他们仍然爱着家乡，许多人总是以极大的兴趣关注着他们的家乡发生了怎样的改变。1 Its full of many interesting places to see and things to do（有许多有趣的地方可以看，有许多的事情可以做）2 The restaurant has
18、 been around here for as long as I can remember. It serves the best food in this town.这个餐馆自从我记事起就在这里已经存在了，它在这个镇上提供最好的食物.3 be around 存在around 大约在.周围围绕出现around the world =across the world=through the world=all over the world全世界范围内4 A new science museum has been here since last August,Theres a big park
19、 behind the museum.Many families go there on weekends to let the kids run around and climb the hill. 自从上个八月一个新的科学博物馆已经在这儿了，还有一个大的公园在它后面，许多家庭在周末去那儿，让他们的孩子四处跑或者爬山2a1. hometown feelings 家乡情怀2. once or twice a year一年一到两次3. nowadays 如今=these days4. millions of Chinese上百万的中国人5. leave the countryside离开家乡6.
20、 search sp. for sth.搜寻某地找.东西She searched many stores for a gift.她搜寻了许多店找寻一个礼物。search sb.搜身search for搜索，寻找 search for work寻找工作7. among在.之间（用于三者或者以上） between在.之间（用于两者之间）The house located among many trees.这栋房子位于许多树之间.Andy sits between Tina and Linda.Andy 坐在Tina和Linda 之间.8. A 46-year-old husband and fat
21、her一个46岁的丈夫兼父亲9. He has lived in Wenzhou for the last 13 years.他过去13年里一直居住在温州10. With a hard job in a crayon factory,he doesnt find much time to visit his hometown.在粉笔厂中有一份艰辛的工作，钟伟没有太多的时间去参观他的家乡。11. used to do过去常常 be/get used to doing习惯于做某事 be used to do被用来做某事 = be used for doing.He has changed a lo
22、t,he used to_（play）computer games,but now he gets used to_（study）. Key: play,studyingThe pen is used_（write） key:to write 笔被用来写字12. used to be+n/adj.过去是 There used to be 过去有Our hometown used to be a small village.我的家乡过去是一个小村庄The girl used to be very shy.这个女孩过去很害羞13. return home回家 at least至少 14. Its
23、a shame!真惭愧！what a shame！真可惜 = what a pity！It is a shame to do sth做某事很羞愧Its a shame to steal others things偷别人的东西真可耻.15. regard v. 关注/留意 看待/把.视为 regard. as把.看作 That old woman regards those children as her own grandson.那个老人把那些孩子当作自己的亲孙子。16. perhaps/possible/probably/maybe也许/大概/可能 17. appear 出现，无被动=tur
24、n up disappear 反义词，消失18. send (sends-sent-sent-sending)寄送 send sb sth=send sth to sb 邮寄什么东西给某人send sb.to sp.派遣某人到某地send sb. to do sth.派遣某人做某事 In many places,The government has sent teachers from the cities to help.在许多地方，政府已经派遣来自城市里的老师去帮助19. send up发射 send for派人请 send away撵走，解雇20. add v.补充 primary sc
25、hool小学21. count from.to.从.数到. count from one to one hundred.从一数到一百 count up to数到./count down倒数22. since the mid-20th century自20世纪中期以来23. such &so such a +adj.+n.=so +adj+. a+n. 两多两少(many,much,little,few) 用so24. 四个也：also&too&as well &either1)also 句中，肯定句 2) too句尾，有逗号，肯定句和疑问句3)as well句尾，无逗号，肯定句和疑问句 4)e
26、ither 句尾，有逗号，否定句Tony cant swim,either.Do you like hanging out with friends as well?Does your father give up smoking ,too?25. stay the same保留一样（stay 连系动词“保持”+adj）26. according to+ n /pron根据在.看来according to sb=in ones opinion在某人看来,依某人之见27. however后有逗号，but后面没有28. opposite prep在.对面= across fromThere is
27、a river opposite our school.我们学校对面有一条河流adv. 对面地 That old man stands opposite.那个老人站在对面/A professor live opposite.一个教授住在对面adj.相反的 We have opposite views on this problem.在这个问题上我们有相反的见解n. 对立面/反义词 Whats the opposite of “good”好的反义词是什么？opposite the school=on the opposite of the school29. It has become quit
28、e a symbol of the place.它已经变成了这个地方的一个标志。quite相当，非常quite a+n.=a very+n. quiet安静的30. Most of the children in my time liked to play together under that big tree.especially during summer holidays.我那个时代的孩子喜欢在那棵大树下一起玩,特别是暑假期间31. It was such a happy childhood.这是如此开心的童年32. Our hometown has left many soft an
29、d sweet memories in our hearts.在我们心中我们的家乡在我们的心里留下了许多柔软的甜蜜的回忆。33. consider v.考虑认为consider doing sth考虑做某事 consider sb as把某人看做.consider sb. to be+n.词组 认为某人/某物怎样People usually consider _（make）a plan before traveling （key:making）在旅游之前人们通常会考虑制定计划I consider him as my closest friend.我把他看做我最亲密的朋友All of us co
30、nsider the boy as an honest man.我们所有人都把这个男孩看做一个诚实的人Most of the patients consider him to be a good doctor.大部分病人认为他是一个好医生34. be close to 接近，几乎Zhong Wei hasnt been back in close to three years.钟伟有近三年没有回过家了。同义句35. He left an hour ago.=He has been away since an hour ago= He has been away for an hour.=Its
31、 one hour since he left.36. hold（holds-held-held-holding）举办The sports meeting will be held on Monday.这个运动会将在星期一举办容纳/包含This stadium can hold three thousand people.这个体育馆能容纳三千人。抓着 This girl is holding his fathers hand.这个小女孩正抓着她爸爸的手拥有Miss Chen holds an admiring job.37. 陈小姐拥有让人艳羡的工作支撑.的重量His arm holds the whole body while climbing the rock.当攀岩的时候，他的手臂支撑着整个身体。hold on 等一等（接电话）hold on to坚持
