1、Unit1 Science and Scientists 例：专业人员的短缺在一些地方十分严重。Shortages of professional staff are _.This illness causes severe diarrhoea,dehydration,and even death.1句意：这种疾病会导致严重的腹泻、脱水，甚至死亡。句意：这种疾病会导致严重的腹泻、脱水，甚至死亡。in some placesvery severe severe adj.causing sharp discomfort or distress;extremely violent or intens
2、e;very serious.【拓展】severe adj.unsparing or harsh,as in treatment of others;strict 例：要求苛严的教官已经出国,你可以完全放心。_.The severe trainer has gone abroad.You can breathe freely againHowever,some households(such as 20 and 21 Broad Street,and 8 and 9 Cambridge Street)had had no deaths.2例1：大多数家庭现在至少有一辆汽车。_ now own
3、at least one car.household n.一家人；家庭；同住一所房子的人 pl.households adj.家喻户晓的；家庭的Most households句意：但是，一些家庭句意：但是，一些家庭(如布罗德街如布罗德街2020号和号和2121号，剑号，剑桥街桥街8 8号和号和9 9号号)没有死亡。没有死亡。例2：今天，时装设计师是家喻户晓的人物。_.Today,fashion designers are household namesSnow suspected that the water pump was to blame.3句意：句意：斯诺斯诺怀疑水泵是罪魁祸首。怀疑水
4、泵是罪魁祸首。例1：我觉得他们是正确的。_.例2：警方昨天逮捕了一名嫌疑犯。_.例3：一个可疑包裹被发现后，代表们撤离了这栋大楼。Delegates evacuated the building when _ was found.suspect v.怀疑；猜想 n.嫌疑犯 adj.靠不住的；可疑的I suspect they were rightPolice arrested a suspect yesterday a suspect packageSnow suspected that the water pump was to blame.3例1：没有警察的允许谁也不准离开这栋楼。_.例2
5、：公园里不允许乱丢纸屑。_.No one is to leave this building without the permission of the policeYou are not to drop litter in the parkbe to blame 受到责备受到责备,主动表被动主动表被动be+动词不定式,可以表示该做或不该做的事情,相当于must,should,ought to 等。Accordingly,he had the handle of the pump removed so that it could not be used.4句意：因此，他把泵的把手拿下来，使它不
6、能使用。句意：因此，他把泵的把手拿下来，使它不能使用。例：我转动把手，发现门是开着的。_.handle n.柄,把手I turned the handle and found the door was open1.Ms Hawkins,the chief accountant of the company handles the companys accounts.2.The children are naughty that I cant handle them.3.She handled a difficult argument skillfully.4.This shop handles
7、 paper and stationery.5.He learnt how to handle the axe.管理管理应付应付控制控制买卖买卖操作；运用操作；运用Through Snows tireless efforts,water companies began to sell clean water,and thethreat of cholera around the world saw a substantial decrease.5句意：通过斯诺的不懈努力，供水公司开始销售洁净句意：通过斯诺的不懈努力，供水公司开始销售洁净水，世界各地霍乱的威胁大幅减少。水，世界各地霍乱的威胁大幅
8、减少。他做了大量的慈善捐赠。_.相当多的人支持这些改革措施。_.substantial adj.大量的；实质的；内容充实的He made substantial donations to charity例：大笔的钱 _ 重大变化 _Substantial numbers of people support the reformssubstantial sums of moneya substantial changeThrough Snows tireless efforts,water companies began to sell clean water,and thethreat of
9、cholera around the world saw a substantial decrease.5decrease vi.减少，缩小 n.减少，减少量on the decrease 在减少中decrease to 减少到decrease by 减少了例1：人口增长每年下降1.4%。_.Population growth is decreasing by 1.4%each year例2：独立公司的数量从198家减到了96家。_.The number of independent firms decreased from 198 to 96no greater than“否定词形容词/副词
10、比较级 than”结构，表示最高级。Perhaps no other scientist has had a greater impact on Chinas aerospace science than Qian Xuesen.6句意：也许再没有哪一位科学家比钱学森对中国航天科学的影响更大了。例：我从未读过比这更有趣的小说了。_.I have never read a more interesting novel【知识拓展】表示最高级意义的其他常见结构：never比较级nothing/noas/so 原级as.nothing/no比较级than.impact相关短语have(make)an
11、impact on 对（产生）影响；an impact against 对的冲击例：Nothing is _ practice.Nothing is _ practice.as/so important as more important than 例1：她的讲话对每个人都有深远的影响。Her speech _ everyone.例2：数字技术的出现，对既有媒介的生存造成了重大的冲击。Digital technology has brought tremendous _ the survival of existing media.had(made)a profound impact onim
12、pact againstbreak out(战争、打斗等不愉快的事情)突然开始；爆发However,after the Songhu Battle broke out in 1932,Qian made the decision to switch his major to aviation because he realised that China needed its own powerful air force to protect and defend the country.7句意：然而，1932年淞沪会战爆发后，钱学森意识到中国需要建设强大的空军来保卫国家，因此决定改学航空专业。
13、例1:在这一地区总有意想不到的事情发生。Something unexpected always _ in this area.breaks out例2：我正在熟睡中，这时突然发生了火灾，而且蔓 延得很快。_.I was still sleeping when the fire broke out,and then it spread quickly【拓展】break相关短语break in 强行进入；打断break through 突破；冲破break up 破碎；解散；分手break off 断开；中断；停顿break into pieces 破成碎片break into 强行闯入；突然开始
14、break down 出故障；垮掉例：1.He _ my house and stole my money.2.The computer system _ suddenly while he was searchinng for infomation on the Internet.3.They decided to _ the partnership.4.It was a cloudy day but the sun at last _ _.5.The mirror fell to the ground and _ _.broke intobroke downbreak upbrokethr
15、oughbroke into piecesin charge of 主管；掌管He received a heros welcome from his homeland and was put in charge of not only developing Chinas rocket science but also its space and missile programme.8句意：他受到了祖国英雄般的欢迎，受命发展中国的火箭科学以及航天和导弹项目。例：这位厨师负责管理帮厨工。_.The cook is in charge of the kitchen helpers【拓展】free
16、of charge 免费 take charge of 掌管/负责 in charge of 控制/管理 in sb.s chargein the charge of sb.由主管(含被动意义)例：在她掌管之前，公司管理很差。The company was badly organized until she _ it.演员们都愿意免费出演。The performers have all offered their services _.当老板不在的时候由汤姆负责公司业务。The company is _ of Tom when the boss is away.Tom is _ the company when the boss is away.took charge of free of chargein the chargein charge of
