1、UNIT 4 HISTORY AND TRADITIONSSection Discovering Useful Structures过去分词作定语和宾语补足语自主探究阅读下列句子,并注意黑体部分的用法。1.Jim has retired,but he still remembers the happy time spent with his students.2.In art criticism,you must assume the artist has a secret message hidden within the work.3.The manager was satisfied t
2、o see many new products developed after great effort.4.She was well-dressed that evening,hoping to make herself noticed at the ball.5.The chairman wished those letters typed as soon as possible.我的发现（1）第1、2句中的过去分词在句中充当_,其动作在谓语动词的动作_发生,表示_或已完成的动作。定语之前被动的（2）第3、4、5句中的过去分词在句中充当_,表示_或_的意义。宾语补足语被动完成探究点1 过去
3、分词作定语1.作定语的过去分词一般是由及物动词转化的,被修饰的词逻辑上是这个及物动词的宾语。The government decided to rebuild the damaged bridge.政府决定重新修建那座被损毁的桥。Whats the language spoken in Germany?在德国,人们讲什么语言?2.不及物动词的过去分词也可作定语,一般作前置定语,不表示被动意义,只强调动作的状态或完成。Autumn is here,and the ground is covered with fallen leaves.秋天到了,地上铺满了落叶。When payments to
4、retired workers are cut,the three decide to get their money back.当给退休工人的退休金被削减之后,这三个人决定把自己的钱拿回来。3.过去分词短语有时还可用作非限制性定语,相当于一个非限制性定语从句,前后用逗号分开。Some of them,born and brought up in rural villages（=who were born and brought up in rural villages）,had never seen a train.他们中的一些人在农村出生和长大,从来没有见过火车。4.过去分词与动词-ing
5、形式作定语时的区别动词-ing形式作定语时,与所修饰的名词之间是主谓关系,表示动作正在进行;而过去分词作定语时,则表示动作的被动或完成。The girl standing under the tree is really charming.正站在树下的那个女孩子真的很迷人。What do you think of the meeting held yesterday?你觉得昨天召开的会议怎么样?探究点2 过去分词作宾语补足语1.感官动词（短语）see、watch、observe、look at、hear、listen to、find、feel、notice等接过去分词（短语）作宾语补足语时,表
6、示“看到/听到/发现/感觉到/注意到某物/某人被”。I can hear the windows beaten by the heavy rain.我能听到窗户被大雨敲打的声音。The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see carried out the next year.经理们讨论了那个他们希望明年实施的计划。2.使役动词have、make、get、keep、leave等接过去分词（短语）作宾语补足语时,表示“致使某物/某人被”。Tom has been away from home for two years,le
7、aving his room covered with dust.汤姆离家两年了,他的房间里满是灰尘。When will you have your eyes examined?你什么时候检查你的眼睛？3.过去分词、动词-ing形式及动词不定式作宾语补足语的区别:过去分词作宾语补足语,宾语和补足语之间是逻辑上的动宾关系;动词-ing形式作宾语补足语,宾语和补足语之间是逻辑上的主谓关系,其动作与谓语动作同时进行;动词不定式作宾语补足语强调动作发生的全过程,有时也表示一个将来的动作。注意:see、hear等动词后面作宾语补足语的动词不定式要省略to。We saw the injured sent
8、to hospital shortly after the accident.我们看到伤员在事故发生不久后被送到了医院。We saw him cleaning the fallen leaves in the yard this morning.今天早晨我们看见他在院子里扫落叶。We saw her enter the supermarket and buy herself a box of chocolate.我们看见她进了超市,给自己买了一盒巧克力。PracticeYou are a policeman writing a report about a house that has bee
9、n broken into.Use the past participle below as the object complement to describe what you found.steal,disconnect,wash,repair,mend,check,open,lock,examine,clean,break,insure Report of a House Break-in at 26 Mount Pleasant Road,Cambridge When I entered the house I found the telephone _,the windows _ a
10、nd the door _.I was overcome by the smell.disconnectedbrokenopenedPracticeI had to get the kitchen _,the cooker _ and the floor _ before I could look into the problem.Mrs Smith had had the house _ and _ a few months ago so it should have been safe.Nobody should have been able to enter without permis
11、sion.I had the locks _ and the windows _ before I left.Mrs Smith was very grateful.cleanedrepairedwashedsteal,disconnect,wash,repair,mend,check,open,lock,examine,clean,break,insure lockedmendedcheckedexaminedPracticeShe had only had three valuable jewels _ and as she had had them _ she was not too u
12、pset.She thinks the gardener may have stolen a key and be the person who broke into the house.Signed:Police Constable Stephen BriggsDate:21/9/2021steal,disconnect,wash,repair,mend,check,open,lock,examine,clean,break,insure insuredstolenRewrite the sentences with past particles as the attribute,and t
13、hen see whether you can write a little story with them.1 Loch Ness was surrounded by beautiful natural landscape,which made it look amazing.Loch Ness surrounded by beautiful natural landscape looks amazing.2 Carl and his friends stayed with a generous family who offered them bread with butter and ho
14、ney that was homemade.Carl and his friends stayed with a generous family who offered them homemade bread with butter and honey.3 The familys ancestors once attended to soldiers who were wounded in the First World War.The familys ancestors once attended to wounded soldiers in the First World War.4 Th
15、e young people were attracted by the legend of Loch Ness.They watched over the lake with their cameras and binoculars,which were positioned on the hill.The young people attracted by the legend of Loch Ness watched over the lake with their cameras and binoculars positioned on the hill.单句填空1.The adobe
16、 dwellings（土坯房）_（build）by the Pueblo Indians of the American Southwest are admired by architects and engineers.built2.The witnesses _（question）by the police just now gave very different descriptions.questioned3.I was the first Western TV reporter _（permit）to film a special unit caring for pandas res
17、cued from starvation in the wild.permitted4.With many brightly-coloured flowers _（plant）around the building,his house looks like a beautiful garden.planted5.The peasants had the tractor_（work）day and night at the harvest time.working6.The experience_（gain）will give you more confidence to help your c
18、ustomers.gained7.The teacher wouldnt like the problem _（discuss）at the moment.discussed8.The chairman was dismissed because of _（fall）profit.fallen9.Our students need to adapt to the rapidly_（change）world.changing.完成句子1.Ill _about the breakthrough in our experiment.我将向你报告有关我们实验的重要进展。keep you informe
19、d2.He woke up only to_.他醒来发现他的汽车被偷了。find his car stolen3.You seldom _in this developed country.在这个发达国家,你很少听到有人讲脏话。hear rude words spoken4.He raised his voice so as to _.他提高嗓音以使别人能够听见他说话。make himself heard5.He left home in a hurry,_.他匆忙离开家,留下很多事没做。leaving many things undone.语篇填空 The lake 1._（被包围）beau
20、tiful natural landscape looked more beautiful.When 2._（发现）it,the explorer was amazed at the beauty of the lake.3._（吃着家做的）bread with butter and honey,he was using the 4._（放置的）telescope to admire the lake,which made him 5._（放松和满足）.surrounded byfindingEating the homemadepositionedrelaxed and pleasedPra
21、cticePractice:Complete the sentences:Complete the sentences1.丢了钱他自责不已。丢了钱他自责不已。(blame)He _ about losing the money.2你为什么总是看上很疲劳？这些日子睡得好吗？你为什么总是看上很疲劳？这些日子睡得好吗？(tired)Why do you always _?Do you sleep well these days?3我对昨晚看的电影很失望我对昨晚看的电影很失望,我原以为它能好些。我原以为它能好些。(I _ the film I saw last night,I had expected
22、 it to be better.4.听说那位明星死了，人人都很惊讶。听说那位明星死了，人人都很惊讶。Everybody _to hear the death of the famous film starwas shocked1.As we joined the big crowd,I got _ from my friends.A.separated B.to separate C.separate D.separating 2.Cleaning women in the big cities get _ by the hour.A.pay B.paying C.paid D.to pay
23、 3.Prices of daily goods _ through a computer can be lower than store prices.A.are bought B.bought C.been bought D.buying4.The first text books _ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century.A.Having written B.to be written C.being written D.written5.The flowers _ sweet in the botanic garden attract the visitors to the beauty of nature.A.to smell B.smelling C.smelt D.to be smelt
