1、考考点点精精讲讲一、宾语从句的引导词一、宾语从句的引导词1.陈述句充当宾语从句时，用that引导;that无词义，在口语或非正式文体中常省略。My teacher said(that)I was a good boy.我的老师说我是一个好孩子。续表续表2.当由一般疑问句充当宾语从句时，用if或whether引导，意为“是否”;若句子后面有or时，则只能用whether引导。I dont know if/whether Jim is a good student.我不知道吉姆是否是一个好学生。3.如果宾语从句原来是特殊疑问句，只需用原来的疑问词引导。Can you tell me what sh
2、e is doing？你能告诉我她在做什么吗？二、宾语从句的语序二、宾语从句的语序陈述句that不变I think that we can be good friends.我认为我们可以成为好朋友。一般疑问句if/whether改为陈述句语序I cant remember if I posted the letter.我不记得我是否把信寄了。特殊疑问句特殊疑问词改为陈述句语序Could you tell me how old you are？你能告诉我你几岁了吗？He asked who was our English teacher.他问我们的英语老师是谁。(疑问词who作从句的主语)三、宾
3、语从句与主句的时态要相互呼应（依主句而定）三、宾语从句与主句的时态要相互呼应（依主句而定）1.如果主句的时态是一般现在时、现在完成时或一般将来时，宾语从句的时态用自身时态。I dont think(that)you are right.我认为你是不对的。I dont know if there will be a bus any more.我不知道是否还会有公交车。Do you know who has won the game?你知道谁赢了这个游戏吗？续表续表2.如果主句的时态是一般过去时，宾语从句只能用相应的过去时态。在将简单句转换为一般过去时的宾语从句时，如果从句部分不是过去时态，则需进
4、行对应的变化：一般现在时一般过去时；现在进行时过去进行时；一般将来时过去将来时；现在完成时过去完成时。He told me that he was born in Beijing in 1992.他告诉我他于1992年出生在北京。He asked me，“Who are they calling?”He asked me who they were calling.他问我他们在给谁打电话？续表续表3.如果从句说明的是一般真理、客观事实、自然现象、名言时，一律用现在时态。Dad told us that it is better to do than to say.爸爸告诉我们，与其夸夸其谈，不
5、如埋头苦干。四、宾语从句的特殊变化四、宾语从句的特殊变化1.宾语从句转化为简单句（1）当主句的谓语动词是find,see,watch,hear等感官动词时,从句经常简化为“宾语+宾补”的结构,宾补是不带to的不定式或动词-ing形式。She found that the wallet lay/was lying on the ground.=She found the wallet lie/lying on the ground.她发现地上有一个钱包。续表续表(2)当主句的谓语动词是hope,wish,decide,forget,plan,agree等,并且主句主语与从句主语一致时,从句可以简
6、化为不定式结构。She agreed that she could help me with my math.=She agreed to help me with my math.她同意帮我学数学。续表续表(3)在疑问词引导的宾语从句中,当从句主语与主句主语或间接宾语一致时,从句可以简化为“疑问词+不定式”结构。I didnt know how I could do it.=I didnt know how to do it.我不知道怎么做。Mike didnt decide what he would buy.=Mike didnt decide what to buy.迈克没有决定要买什
7、么。2.宾语从句的否定转移在think,believe等动词引起的宾语从句中,如果否定的是后面的从句,一般将主句动词改为否定形式,而从句仍然用肯定式。如:I dont think he is right.我认为他不对。I dont believe they have finished their work yet.我相信他们还没有完成工作。()1.I want to know _ he still lives here after so many years.A.whetherB.where C.what D.when()2.Its so late.Why not write the repo
8、rt tomorrow？But I dont know _ I can do it if not now.A.whyB.whenC.howD.where考考点点演演练练A AB B()3.Mr.Wang，could you tell me how long _ the magazines？For almost ten days.A.I can borrow B.can I borrow C.I can keep D.can I keepC C()4.Could you tell me _？Talking about festivals.A.how they are playing B.what
9、 they are doing C.where they are going D.why they are practicing()5.Do you know _？Let me see.I remember it was on March 18th.A.why did they move here B.why they moved here C.when did they move here D.when they moved hereB BD D在复合句中修饰主句中的动词、形容词或副词等的句子称为状语从句。考考点点精精讲讲一、状语从句的分类一、状语从句的分类1.时间状语从句when，whil
10、e，as，before，after，since，till/until（主句为肯定句时，动词为延续性动词），as soon as等When we were dancing，a beggar came in.当我们正在跳舞的时候，一个乞丐进来了。They were washing clothes while we were reading magazines.当他们正在洗衣服的时候，我们正在看杂志。续表续表2.地点状语从句where，whereverKira found her visa where she lost it.基拉在丢签证的地方找到了它。We can go wherever we w
11、ould like to go in the summer vacation.暑假我们可以想去哪里就去哪里。续表续表3.原因状语从句because，since，as等I didnt go aboard with her because I couldnt afford it.我没有和她一起出国，因为我负担不起费用。4.条件状语从句if（如果），unless，as long as等（时态为“主将从现”）Youll pass the exam if you study hard.如果你努力学习，你会通过考试的。Youll be late unless you hurry.你会迟到的，除非你快一点。
12、续表续表5.目的状语从句so that，that，in order that(从句中往往有情态动词），in case等He hid his storybook so that his teacher couldnt find it.为了不让老师发现，他藏起了故事书。Take your umbrella in case it rains.带上你的伞，以防下雨。续表续表6.结果状语从句so that，such that,so that等(从句一般不带情态动词，但表示过去时也可带情态动词）注注意 sucha/an形容词可数名词单数that从句so形容词a/an可数名词单数thatShe spoke
13、so fast that nobody could catch what she was saying.她说得如此快，以至于没有人能听出来她在讲什么。The professor told us such an interesting story that all the students laughed.=续表续表从句（注意so 和such 的区别）The professor told us so interesting a story that all the students laughed.教授讲了一个很有趣的故事，（以至于）所有的学生都笑了起来。续表续表7.让步状语从句though，a
14、lthough，even if/even though，however等注注意 although和though不能与but，however连用，但可以与yet，still连用。Though shes very young，she knows quite a lot.尽管她非常小，她却懂得很多。Even though I didnt understand a word，I kept smiling.即使我一个字也不懂，我还是保持微笑。续表续表8.比较状语从句as as，not as/so as，than，“the+比较级+句子，the+比较级+句子”We were as lucky as the
15、y were.我们和他们一样幸运。The more you listen to English，the easier it becomes.你听英语听得越多，它就越容易。续表续表9.方式状语从句as，as if/though（好像）Do as I say.照我说的做。The child talked to us as if he were a grown-up.这孩子像个大人似的跟我们谈话。附附 so that so that 与与 such that such that的句型的句型so that（1）主语+be/其他系动词+so+形容词（不作定语）+that+句子The meat smell
16、s so nice that all of us would like to eat it.这块肉闻起来太香了以至于我们都想吃它。（2）主语+行为动词（+）+so+副词+that+句子He studied so hard that he made rapid progress.他学习地如此努力以至于进步飞快。续表续表such that（1）主语+be/行为动词+such+a/an+形容词(作定语)+可数名词单数+that+句子=主语+be/行为动词+so+形容词+a/an+可数名词单数+that+句子He is such a good boy that we all like him.=He
17、is so good a boy that we all like him.他是如此好的一个男孩以至于我们都喜欢他。（2）主语+be/行为动词+such+不表数量的形容词(作定语)+可数名词复数/不可数名词+that+句子They are such good students that the teachers like them.他们是如此好的学生以至于老师们都喜欢他们。续表续表（3）主语+be/行为动词+so+表数量的形容词(作定语)+可数名词复数/不可数名词+that+句子He got so little money that he couldnt help crying.他得到如此少的
18、钱以至于他禁不住哭了起来。They are such little children that we should care for them.他们是如此小的孩子所以我们应该照顾他们。二、主从句的时态二、主从句的时态1.主句和从句的时态关系较复杂，要根据具体的情况来决定用什么时态，有的很难定论，但多数要从三方面考虑：过去、经常、将来。when（1）表将来，主将从现。We will tell him when he comes back this afternoon.今天下午他回来的时候我们将告诉他。（2）表经常，主句和从句都用一般现在时。I help my mother cook when I
19、 come back from school every day.每天当我从学校回到家里的时候我都帮我妈妈做饭。续表续表（3）表过去若一个动作在延续，一个动作突然发生，延续的用过去进行时，突然发生的用一般过去时。Yesterday when I was walking in the park,I saw a bird in the tree.昨天当我在公园散步的时候，我在树上看见一只鸟。若两个动作都在延续，则都用过去进行时。I was writing my homework when/while my parents were watching TV yesterday evening.昨天晚
20、上我在写作业而我的父母在看电视。续表续表若两个动作都是突然发生，则都用一般过去时。He went out when I came in yesterday.昨天当我进来的时候他出去了。若两个动作有一先一后，但间隔时间短，几乎紧挨在一起发生，则都用一般过去时。I opened the door when someone knocked at it.当我开门的时候有人正在敲门。续表续表若两个动作有一先一后，但间隔时间长，则先发生的用过去完成时，后发生的用一般过去时。The film had been on for half an hour when I got there.当我到那里的时候电影已经
21、开始半个小时了。before和after（1）表将来，主将从现。I will watch TV this evening after I finish my homework.=I will finish my homework before I watch TV this evening.今天晚上在做完作业之后我将要看电视。续表续表before和after（2）表经常，主句和从句都用一般现在时。I watch TV after I finish my homework every evening.=I finish my homework before I watch TV every ev
22、ening.每天晚上我都在写完作业后看电视。（3）表过去两个动作虽然有一先一后，但间隔时间短，几乎紧挨在一起发生，所以都用一般过去时。I opened the door after someone knocked at it.=Someone knocked at the door before I opened it.有人敲门之后我开了门。续表续表两个动作有一先一后，且间隔时间长，则先发生的用过去完成时，后发生的用一般过去时。The film had been on for half an hour before I got there.=I got there after the film
23、 had been on for half an hour.在我到那里之前电影已经开始半个小时了。续表续表till/until，as soon as（1）表将来，主将从现。I will not go to bed until my mother comes back this evening.今天晚上直到我妈妈回来我才去睡觉。I will go to bed as soon as my mother comes back this evening.今天晚上我妈妈一回来我就去睡觉。（2）表经常，主句和从句都用一般现在时。I dont go to bed until my mother comes
24、 back every evening.每天晚上直到我妈妈回来我才睡觉。续表续表till/until，as soon as（3）表过去，主句和从句都用一般过去时，因为前后间隔时间短。I went to bed as soon as my mother came back last evening.昨天晚上我妈妈一回来我就睡觉了。since主句用现在/过去完成时，从句用一般过去时Jane has lived in Shanghai since she was 6.自从简6岁的时候她就住在上海。2.if和whenif和when既可以引导宾语从句,也可以引导状语从句。引导宾语从句时，分别意为“是否”
25、和“何时”,时态应和主句时态相呼应(该用什么时态就用什么时态）;引导状语从句时，分别意为“如果；假如”和“当时候”,当主句时态是一般将来时时,其从句时态用一般现在时（主将从现）。它们常常被放在含有状语从句和宾语从句的题干中进行综合考查。如:Do you know when he will come back tomorrow?你知道他明天什么时候回来吗?Sorry,I dont know.When he comes back,Ill tell you.对不起,我不知道。等他回来了,我就告诉你。I dont know if he will come.我不知道他是否会来。He will come
26、if it doesnt rain.如果不下雨,他会来的。()1.I had been looking for the book for two days _ I found it at last.A.untilB.whenC.beforeD.while()2.George is _ lovely that many people like him very much.A.very B.such C.as D.so考考点点演演练练C CD D()3.When will you return the book to me？Ill give it to you _ I finish it.A.on
27、ce B.until C.as soon as D.unless()4._ she couldnt see his face,she could tell by his voice that he was young.A.UnlessB.AlthoughC.BecauseD.IfC CB B()5.We should go by bus _ we can get there earlier.A.as soon asB.whereC.in order thatD.asC C定语从句在复合句中充当定语修饰某一名词或代词。被修饰的词叫作先行词，引导定语从句的词叫作关系词，它的作用一是放在先行词与定语
28、从句中间起连接作用，二是在从句中充当某一个成分，并与先行词保持数的一致，三是指代先行词。考考点点精精讲讲关系代词who人主语Do you know the man who is talking with your mother？你认识那个正在和你妈妈说话的人吗？whom，which和that在从句中作宾语时，常常可以省略，但当介whom人宾语Mr.Smith is the person with whom I am working.史密斯先生是与我共事的那个人。The boy(whom)she loved died in the war.她爱的那个男孩在战争中牺牲了。一、定语从句的关系词一、定
29、语从句的关系词续表续表whose 人或物定语（紧跟后面的名词是属于先行词的）I like those books whose topics are about history.我喜欢那些关于历史话题的书。The boy whose father works abroad is my deskmate.父亲在国外工作的那个男孩是我的同桌。词提前时，后面的关系代词不能省略，也不可以用that。that人或物 主语、宾语A plane is a machine that can fly.飞机是一种能飞的机器。She is the pop star(that)I want to see very mu
30、ch.她是我很想见的流行明星。续表续表which物主语、宾语The book(which)I gave you was worth$10.我给你的那本书价值10美元。The picture which was about the accident was terrible.这张关于那场事故的照片很可怕。续表续表关系副词when物，表时间时间状语（从句中既不作主语也不作宾语）I will never forget the day when we met.我永远不会忘记我们见面的那一天。I will never forget the day that/which we spent together
31、.(特殊情况)我将永远不会忘记我们一起度过的那天。可用“on/in/at 等介词+which”代替。续表续表关系副词where物，表地点地点状语（从句中既不作主语也不作宾语）This is the house where I was born.这是我出生的房子。This is the house that/which I spent a lot of money to build.（特殊情况）这就是我花了许多钱建的房子。可用“in等介词+which”代替。续表续表关系副词why原因原因状语（从句中既不作主语也不作宾语）I cant imagine the reason why he turne
32、d down my offer.我无法想象他拒绝我的提议的原因。I cant imagine the reason that/which you used to be late for school.(特殊情况)我无法想象你习惯上学迟到的原因。可用for which代替。二、二、thatthat与与whichwhich，who who，whom whom的用法区别的用法区别只用that的情况1.先行词为all，everything，anything，nothing，something,few,all,little等不定代词,或被all,any,much,little,every,few等修饰时
33、He told me everything that he knows.他把他所知道的一切都告诉我了。只用that的情况2.先行词被形容词最高级和序数词修饰时This is the best film that I have ever seen.这是我看过的最好看的一部电影。续表续表3.先行词被the only，the very,the last,the same修饰时He is the only man that I want to see.他是我唯一想见的人。4.先行词既指人又指物时We talked about the persons and things that we remembe
34、red.我们谈论了我们所记得的人和事。5.句中已经有who或which，为了避免重复时Who is the man that is making a speech？正在做演讲的人是谁？续表续表只用which,who,whom的情况在由“介词关系代词”引导的定语从句中，只能用which指物，whom指人I like the person to whom the teacher is talking.我喜欢那个正在跟老师说话的人。=I like the person whom/who/that the teacher is talking to.先行词本身是that时，关系词用which;先行词为
35、those，one，he时,多用who Those who respect others are usually respected by others，too.那些尊重他人的人也会受到别人的尊重。()1.I like the writers_ are popular among teenagers.A.who B.which C.whom D.whose()2.The TV play is popular recently.Yes.It is the only program _ I watched this month.A.who B.that C.where D.when考考点点演演练练
36、A AB B()3.We could see everything _ he bought to decorate his house under the tall tree.A.thatB.whichC.whenD.where()4.The girl _ is singing an English song in the next room is Toms sister.A.whoB.whatC.whichD.where()5.Do you know the year in _the Chinese Communist Party was founded?A.whoB.whichC.that
37、D.when A AA AB B复合句主要在语法选择和短文填空中考查。具体如下：1.语法选择：主要考查宾语从句与状语从句的用法。（由于课程标准对定语从句只要求能辨认出由that，which，who引导的限定性定语从句，并能理解句子意思，所以定语从句在中考的考查可能会相对减少，但考生还是需积累并掌握该语法点）针对这种情况，考生要熟记宾语从句与状语从句的基本用法，并结合前后语境来选择正确选项。如：“Judie,can you tell me _40_ you like butterflies?”asked her dad.(2020广东)A.whyB.whichC.whatD.when解析解析：此
38、句意为：“朱迪,你能告诉我你为什么喜欢蝴蝶吗？”根据宾语从句中引导词的意思，答案选A。2.短文填空：主要考查宾语从句的用法以及状语从句中连词的选用。针对此类试题，考生要弄懂句子的意思，再结合复合句的有关知识以及前后语境来填写正确答案。如：After she returned home,she kept thinking about _69_ to do to help the kids.（2020广东）解析：解析：此句意为：“她回到家后，一直在考虑做什么来帮助那些孩子。”由句意可知应用what作do的宾语。一、语法选择（专练）一、语法选择（专练）When Mary was told she h
39、ad only two years to live,she felt very sad.She was diagnosed(诊断)with cancer this year.She did _ many sick people would do:write down a list.She wanted _ a new plan for her rest life.“I had a good life but I _ that I had no freedom，”said the 56-year-old woman.She had a son 1 12 23 3and a daughter.Ma
40、ry wanted to travel alone.She secretly began preparing for her new life.She loved her husband very much,_ she didnt let her husband know her plan.She said _ she would ask for a new life on her own.She said,“When I know I have a short time to live,I dont want to be a housewife any longer.I dont want
41、to cook every day.4 45 5I want to be free!I want to change my life.If I hadnt had the cancer,I would have been a happy person.Now I _ as a cancer patient.But because of it，I would become a much _ and more interesting old woman.”“I want to enjoy _ in the rest of my life.I want to stay with my childre
42、n.I want to see my grandchildren.Im just fighting _ it actively.Im living with it.Its _ long journey for me.But I choose to face the difficulty bravely.”6 67 78 89 91010()1.A.whyB.thatC.whetherD.what()2.A.to makeB.makesC.makingD.made()3.A.am feelingB.will feelC.feltD.feel()4.A.soB.andC.orD.but()5.A.
43、whoB.howC.thatD.whatD DA AC CD DC C()6.A.treatedB.am treatedC.was treatedD.be treated()7.A.braveB.braverC.bravestD.the bravest()8.A.mineB.IC.myselfD.me()9.A.againstB.toC.byD.without()10.A.theB./C.anD.aB BB BC CA AD D二、短文填空（专练）二、短文填空（专练）请用适当的词完成下面的短文，并把所缺单词填写在横线上。每个空只能填写一个形式正确、意义相符的单词。Do you know _ s
44、mart phones can do for us?We can make phone calls，take photos，call a Didi Taxi，send short messages or e-mails，check e-mails，surf the Internet and watch videos almost anywhere.Especially，Shopping on the smart phones has become more and more 1111popular in our life _ people can buy almost everything t
45、hey need there.You are wondering _ we can shop on the smart phones?Let me show you._ you live in the central part of the city,and you need to buy some fresh grapes from the east of the city,you can use your smart phone.To start with，all you need to do is to download a shopping app(应用程序)and find a su
46、itable store _ you like.1212131314141515Shopping on the smart phones has a lot of advantages，of which the most important is perhaps its convenience.People dont have to waste a lot of energy and time to go from one shop to another to choose things they like.This is especially good for the old，the sic
47、k and the busy people _ cannot go to the shops by themselves.1616However，shopping on the smart phones also has its disadvantages.The first disadvantage is that people cant see the goods or try them on by themselves _ buying.Sometimes，the real goods may not be the same as what they have seen on the s
48、mart phone.The second disadvantage is that you dont know _ the shops on the Internet are registered(登记的)or not.17171818They will never deliver(递送)anything to you _ they get the money from you.Once you are cheated，you will find _ you have nowhere to go to complain(投诉).1919202011._12._13._14._15._16._17._18._19._20._whatwhatbecausebecausehowhowIfIfwhich/thatwhich/thatwhowhobeforebeforewhetherwhetherafterafterthatthat
