1、宾语从句宾语从句主句主句 从句从句 复合句复合句主语+谓语+(宾语)+(其他)=简单句简单句 引导词引导词+主语+谓语+(宾语)+(其他)=从句从句 从句用作宾语时,称作宾语从句,放在谓语动词或介词后;从句用作状语时,称作状语从句,放在句首或句中;从句用 作定语时,称作定语从句,放在名词或代词后。注意:所有从句都由引导词开头,有的引导词可以省略。含有从句的句子中,除了从句以外的部分称作主句主句。主句 +从句 =复合句 He said that he would come to see us next Sunday.宾语从句 Because he is free next Sunday,he w
2、ill come to see us.原因状语从句 He is reading the book that he bought last Sunday.定语从句主语+谓语+引导词+主语+谓语+(其他)引导词+主语+谓语+(其他)+主语+谓语主句主句从句从句主句主句从句从句什么是宾语从句?什么是宾语从句?试比较:试比较:We know him We know(that)he likes English.主主主主谓谓谓谓宾语从句宾语从句宾宾宾语从句就是用一个句子用作主句的宾语宾语从句就是用一个句子用作主句的宾语,引导宾引导宾语从句的引导词有时可以省略。语从句的引导词有时可以省略。主主谓谓宾宾简单句
3、简单句复合句复合句二、宾语从句三要素二、宾语从句三要素连连 接接 词词时时 态态语语 序序连接词1.that引导引导2.whether/if引引3.特殊疑问词变成的连接词特殊疑问词变成的连接词1)连接代词)连接代词who whom whose what which2)连接副词连接副词 when why where how。宾语从句是指一个句子充当宾语,在宾语从句是指一个句子充当宾语,在主句与从句之间有一个引导词。主句与从句之间有一个引导词。连接词连接词that引导的宾语从句。关注以下引导的宾语从句。关注以下几点:几点:连词连词that引导宾语从句,只起连接主、引导宾语从句,只起连接主、从句的作
4、用,它本身无意义,在口语或从句的作用,它本身无意义,在口语或非正式文体中常省略。非正式文体中常省略。He says(that)he is a Young Pioneer.他说他是个少先队员。他说他是个少先队员。一、引导词本身的省略与不省略一、引导词本身的省略与不省略1.可以省略可以省略2.不可以省略不可以省略从句的主语是从句的主语是that时,时,that不省略。不省略。e.g.We know that that is an interesting story 我们知道那是一个有趣的故事。我们知道那是一个有趣的故事。二、何时使用二、何时使用that引导的宾语从句引导的宾语从句 that引导的宾
5、语从句,表示陈述一引导的宾语从句,表示陈述一件事,即由陈述句转化而来。件事,即由陈述句转化而来。He says(that)he is listening to the weather report 他说他正在听天气预报。他说他正在听天气预报。1.主句的谓语动词是主句的谓语动词是 think,hear,hope,wish,remember,forget,know,say,guess等时,常接等时,常接that引导的宾语从句。引导的宾语从句。I hope(that)he will be fine soon我希望他很快好起来。我希望他很快好起来。2.主句由主句由“连系动词形容词连系动词形容词”构成的
6、构成的“系表系表”结构,常接结构,常接that引导的宾语从引导的宾语从句。这类形容词多表示感情,如句。这类形容词多表示感情,如 happy,glad,pleased,sad,sure,afraid 等等等等。e.g.Im afraid(that)he cant come 恐怕他不能来了。恐怕他不能来了。三、三、that引导的宾语从句相关的内容引导的宾语从句相关的内容1.语序语序不论什么情况下,宾语从句都要用陈述语不论什么情况下,宾语从句都要用陈述语序,即序,即“主语谓语其它主语谓语其它”。Do you think(that)the radio is too noisy?你认为收音机太吵吗?你认
7、为收音机太吵吗?2.时态时态that引导的宾语从句,主句用一般现在时,引导的宾语从句,主句用一般现在时,从句可以用符合句意要求的任一时态。从句可以用符合句意要求的任一时态。He says(that)they have returned already.他说他们已经回来了。他说他们已经回来了。如果主句用一般过去时,从句要用过去如果主句用一般过去时,从句要用过去时态的某种形式(一般过去时,过去进时态的某种形式(一般过去时,过去进行时,过去将来时,过去完成时)。行时,过去将来时,过去完成时)。He said(that)he bought a new dictionary.他说他买了本新词典。他说他买
8、了本新词典。一般现在时一般现在时 一般过去时一般过去时 现在进行时现在进行时 过去进行时过去进行时一般过去时一般过去时 过去完成时过去完成时现在完成时现在完成时 过去完成时过去完成时一般将来时一般将来时 过去将来时过去将来时注注如果从句表达的是客观事实、真理、如果从句表达的是客观事实、真理、自然现象、名言、警句、格言、谚语等自然现象、名言、警句、格言、谚语等等,尽管主句用一般过去时,从句也要等,尽管主句用一般过去时,从句也要用一般现在时。用一般现在时。e.g.Our teacher told us that light travels faster than sound.我们老师告诉我们,光比
9、声音传播我们老师告诉我们,光比声音传播 得快。得快。She knows.Timmy is a good boy.2.His father said.One and one is two.3.He said.Lucy often goes shopping.4.He is doing his homework.He said.5.We realize.We should work hard.She knows(that)Timmy is a good boy.His father said(that)one and one is two.He said(that)Lucy often went
10、shopping.He said(that)he was doing his homework.We realize(that)we should work hard.whether和和if都可以引导宾语从句,表示都可以引导宾语从句,表示“是否是否”,在口语或间接引语中两者可,在口语或间接引语中两者可以互换使用。其语序必须是陈述语序,以互换使用。其语序必须是陈述语序,即即“连接词连接词+主语主语+谓语谓语+其他成分其他成分”。Ask him whether/if he can come.问下他是否能来。问下他是否能来。Should I choose the red dress?(疑问句)陈述句
11、结构(主陈述句结构(主+谓谓+其他成分)其他成分)-I should choose the red dress.添加if/whether,改变人称Kitty cannot decide _ Do white clothes suit me?-White clothes suit me.(陈述句式)Sandy does not know _由从属连词由从属连词whether,if 引导的宾语引导的宾语从句从句if/whether she should choose the red dress.if/whether white clothes suit her.但在有些情况下,但在有些情况下,wh
12、ether和和if的用法的用法有一定区别。有一定区别。whether引导的从句常可以与连词引导的从句常可以与连词or 或或or not直接连用,而直接连用,而if一般不能。一般不能。如:如:正:正:Let me know whether you can come or not.误:误:Let me know if you can come or not.2.当宾语从句提到句首时,只能用当宾语从句提到句首时,只能用 whether引导,而不能用引导,而不能用if。如:如:正:正:Whether it is true or not,I cant tell.误:误:If it is true or
13、not,I cant tell.3.whether可以引导带可以引导带to的不定式,的不定式,if则则 不能。不能。如:如:正:正:I dont know whether to accept or refuse.误:误:I dont know if to accept or refuse.4.whether及其引导的成分可放于介词之及其引导的成分可放于介词之 后,作介词的宾语,但后,作介词的宾语,但if不能。不能。如:如:正:正:I worry about whether I hurt her feelings.误:误:I worry about if I hurt her feelings.
14、5.whether可以引导从句,作主语、表语可以引导从句,作主语、表语 或同位语,而或同位语,而if不能。不能。如:如:正:正:It was uncertain whether he would come.误:误:It was uncertain if he would come.特殊疑问句引导宾语从句特殊疑问句引导宾语从句我想知道你最喜欢哪一条领带?Which tie do you like best?特殊疑问句变成特殊疑问句变成 陈述语序陈述语序连接词就是疑问词本身连接词就是疑问词本身I wonderI wonder ATTENTIONwhich tie you like best.(一)
15、宾语从句的语序(一)宾语从句的语序句子的两种语序:1.陈述句结构叫陈述语序 2 疑问句结构叫疑问语序 宾语从句必须用宾语从句必须用 _陈述语序陈述语序There is a shop near here.Is there a shop near here?四四.宾语从句中时态的变化宾语从句中时态的变化I hear(that)Jim_(be)a worker two years ago.Jim (be)an English teacher now.Jim (cook)dinner tomorrow.Jim (sing)a popular song now.Jim (be)to the Great
16、Wall twice.Jim (play)basketball when his father came back.Jim (learn)1000 Chinese words by the end of last semester.wasiswill cookis singinghas beenwas playinghad learned1.当主句是一般现在时,宾语从句的时态不作限制,当主句是一般现在时,宾语从句的时态不作限制,我们可以根据句子的需要使用任何一种时态。我们可以根据句子的需要使用任何一种时态。(需要性原则需要性原则)2.2.当主句是一般过去时的时候,宾语从句必须运用相当主句是一般
17、过去时的时候,宾语从句必须运用相应的过去的某一种时态,应的过去的某一种时态,从而达到主句和从句的相互从而达到主句和从句的相互一致。(一致。(呼应性原则呼应性原则)1)He will go to Hong Kong.2)He is sick.3)He is reading a book.4)He has finished his work.1)he_ Hong Kong.2)he_ sick.3)he _ a book.4)he_He saidwould go waswas reading his work.had finished 确定从句的时态确定从句的时态(根据主句时态根据主句时态)主句时
18、态主句时态从从 句句 时时 态态一般现在时一般现在时时态保持不变时态保持不变一般过去时一般过去时一般现在时一般现在时一般过去时一般过去时一般过去时一般过去时过去完成时过去完成时一般将来时一般将来时过去将来时过去将来时现在进行时现在进行时过去进行时过去进行时现在完成时现在完成时过去完成时过去完成时 3.3.当宾语从句说明的是客观存在的事实或者是客观存当宾语从句说明的是客观存在的事实或者是客观存在的真理时,就不用受到主句时态的限制,仍是用一般在的真理时,就不用受到主句时态的限制,仍是用一般现在时态。(现在时态。(特殊性原则特殊性原则)ATTENTION(注意注意)He told me(that)S
19、ummer after Spring.isI was told (that)the sun much bigger than the moon.isthe sun much bigger than the moon.no news good news.My parents told me(that)is.Find out the mistakes and correct them.1 Could you tell me where do they live?2 She knew that Danny is a student.3 He told me that winter was colde
20、r than autumn.4 Do you know who car it is?找错误找错误wasiswhose宾语从句三要素宾语从句三要素引导词引导词thatthat(陈述句(陈述句 )ififwhetherwhether(一般疑问句(一般疑问句)特殊疑问词特殊疑问词(特殊疑问句(特殊疑问句)时态时态主句为一般现在时主句为一般现在时从句可为任何时态从句可为任何时态主句为一般过去时主句为一般过去时从句从句一般过去时一般过去时过去将来时过去将来时过去进行时过去进行时过去完成时过去完成时语序语序宾语从句的语序都为陈述句语序宾语从句的语序都为陈述句语序客观真理客观真理 自然现象自然现象公式定理公
21、式定理 名言警句名言警句 时态不变时态不变小结小结Do you know _?A.where does she live B.she lives whereC.where she lives D.where she live2.His parents wanted to know what he _at that time.A.is doing B.was doing C.has done D.will doCB巩固练习:巩固练习:I从下列从下列A、B、C、D中选择一个正确选项填空。中选择一个正确选项填空。4Lilys mother looked for her for half an hou
22、r,but could not find _?what Lily was B.what was LilyC.where Lily was D.where was LilyC3.We dont know _.-It is said that he was born in Canada.what he is B.when he was born C.where he comes from D.if he lives here C5 The girls asked if they _ some food and drink with them.A.took B.take C.takes D.will
23、 take 6 Linda said the moon_ round the earth.A.travelled B.has travelled C.travels D.had travelled AC 7.Could you please tell me _ he will come here tomorrow?A.if B.weather C.what D.which A8.Could you tell me _?A.when will they leave BeijingB.when would they leave BeijingC.when they will leave Beijing D.when did they leave Beijing C