1、语法*课前预习词课前预习词汇汇can(could),may(might),must,need,ought to,dare (dared),shall(should),will(would)被动动词被动语态(Passive voice)是动词的一种形式，用以说明主语与谓语 动词之间的关系。英语的语态共有两种：主动语态和被动语态。主 动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受 者。被动语态是动词的一种特殊形式，一般来说，只有需要动作对 象的及物动词才有被动语态动词。被动语态构构成成主动语态变被动语主动语态变被动语态态 被动语态的使用场被动语态的使用场合合 不用被动语态的情不用被动语
2、态的情况况 主动形式表示被动意主动形式表示被动意义义被动语态的构被动语态的构成成be+动词的过去分词动词的过去分词常用的八种时态被动语态构成一般现在时：am/is/are done主：We believe him.被：He is believed by us.一般过去时：was/were done主：He bought his children some pens.被：Some pens were bought for his children by him.一般将来时：will/shall be done主：Everyone will know the truth soon.被：The tr
3、uth will be known by everyone.过去将来时态would be donehe said the work would be finished tomorrow.他说明天将完成工作。现在进行时 am/is/are being done主：Mary is making a doll.被：A doll is being made by Mary.过去进行时was/were being done主：They were carrying the hurt player.(受伤的球员）被：The hurt player was being carried by them.现在完成
4、时 have/has been done主：He has received the letter.被：The letter has been received by him.过去完成时had been done主：They had built ten bridges.(桥)被：Ten bridges had been built by them英语被动语态在什么情况下使用？英语被动语态在什么情况下使用？一.不需要主语的情况下。she is being treated in hospital.她在医院接受治疗”。很明显接受的是医生或护士的治疗。The cup was broken.杯子坏了。He
5、 was seen to leave the house.他被看到离开了房间。The book was published in 2000.这本书是2000年出版的。二、强调动作的承受者。This poem was written by Whitman.这首诗是由惠特曼写的。The problem was solved by Jason.詹森解决了问题。Many house were destroyed in the war.很多房子在战争中被破坏 了。3.固定搭配it is said that.据说it is reported that.据报道it is believed that.人们相信
6、.it is known that.众所周知it is thought that.人们以为.It has been decided that.已经决定It is supposed that.人们认为It is suggested that.有人建议It must be remembered that.务必记住It is taken for granted that.被视为当然4.被动语态特殊情况1.一是时态不能改变;二是变为被动语态后，谓语动词要和被动语态 的主语在人称、数上保持一致。还要作如下变动：把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语;主动语态的 主语放在by的后面，组成介词短语，再把这个介词
7、短语放在被动语态 的谓语动词之后。在动作的执行者无须说明或不必要强调时，by短语 可以省略。例如：They will open a new supermarket there soon.他们很快将在 那里开办个新超市。A new supermarket will be opened there soon.一个新超市不 久将在那里开办。The doctor gave two lectures in English.那位医生用英语讲 了两次课。Two lectures were given by the doctor in English.由那位医 生用英语讲了两次课。例句4.2.如果主动语态有两
8、个宾语(直接宾语和间接宾语)，变为被动 语态时，可将其中任何一个宾语变为主语，另一个不变。但较常 见的是将间接宾语变为被动语态的主语。The reporters asked the president some questions.记者们 问了总统一些问题。The president was asked some questions by the reporters.(变间接宾语为主语)Some questions were asked the president by the reporters.(变直接宾语为主语)We have given him a job.我们已给了他一个工作。He
9、has been given a job.(变间接宾语为主语)A job has been given(to)him.(变直接宾语为主语)4.3 make,see,watch,hear,notice,feel等使役动词和感官动词的 宾语后面可以接不带to的不定式作宾补。但在被动语态中，不定式 符号to必须补上。例如：They made him go.他们让他去。He was made to go.他被要求去了。I heard him say good-bye to his friends.我听见他向他的朋友 说再见。He was heard to say good-bye to his fri
10、ends.有人听到他向他 的朋友说再见。5.在need,want,require后面，主动的-ing形式表达被动的意思：My watch needs cleaning.(=needs to be cleaned)我的 表需要清洗。Your garden needs watering.(=to be watered)你的花园 需要浇水。Does your suit require pressing,sir?先生，您的衣服要烫吗?你试着写句子：请将下列句子改为被动句。请将下列句子改为被动句。He makes the girl stay at home.The girl is made to sat
11、y at home.Last Sunday we heard them sing Peking Opera in the theatre.They were heard to sing Peking Opera in the theatre last Sunday.主动语态表示被动意义被动语态表示主动意义 习题一定要掌握感官动词一定要掌握感官动词！动词的主动形式表被动意动词的主动形式表被动意义义1.感官动词，如look,taste,smell,sound,feel，see,hear,等，这些词后面常常接形容词，表示被动意义，意思是“起 来”。大家看下面例句来理解：The idea sounds
12、 great.这主意听起来不错。This kind of magazine sells good.这种杂志卖的不错。The huge stone weighs 300 tons.这种大石头重300吨.This kind of food tastes good.这种食物尝起来味道很好。Ice always feels cold.冰摸起来很凉。你来试试The flowers（smell）sweet.这花闻起来很香。The cloth（feel）very soft.这种布摸起来很软。smell；feels动词的主动形式表被动意动词的主动形式表被动意义义2.某些不及物动词表示事物内在的品质和属性，如s
13、ell,wash,write,teach,weigh,read,open,lock等，这些词用主动形式 表示被动意义。What you said now just sounds reasonable.你说的话现在听起来很有道理。The book sells well.这本书卖得很好。你来试试This kind of cloth（wash)very well.这种布很耐洗。This model(sell)very well.这个型号卖的很好。The door(shut)gently.门轻轻地关上了。washes;sells;shut动词的主动形式表被动意动词的主动形式表被动意义义3.某些表示“开
14、始，结束”的动词。start,begin,open,close,stop,end.The meeting ended at 7:30会议在7:30 结束了。某些表示“发生,爆炸”的不及物动词或短语。happen,take place,occur,break out,spread.Suddenly,the fire broke out.突然，火灾发生了。4.want,deserve,need,worth,require+Ving 形式The shoes need mending(=need to be mended)这鞋要补一下。The boy deserves looking after.那个
15、男孩要照顾。My hair needs cutting.(needs to be cut)我的头发需要剪了。The novel is worth reading.这本小说值得一读。大显身手1.Look!A big modern building in our city.A.is builtC.has been builtB.is being builtD.is building2.Your bike cant there.A.be putC.be puttedB.is putD.putted3.Mary the song at a party.A.heard singC.heard to si
16、ngB.was heard singD.was heard to singBAD1.B。本句结构为：现在进行时的被动语态。句意为“在 我们城里，一座现代化的楼房正在被建”。2.A。本句结构为：含有情态动词的被动语态。句意为“你 的自行车不能被放在那”。3.D。本句结构为：一般过去时的被动语态。此句中复合宾 语的不定式to不能省略。句意为“玛丽被听到在宴会上唱 歌”。4.trees usually in April?B.Are,plantedD.Do,plantedA.Have,plantedC.have,been planted5.My room tomorrow.A.is cleanedC.
17、will be cleanedB.be cleanedD.is cleaning6.When your school?A.did,builtC.is，builtB.was，builtD.was，buildingBCB4.B。本句结构为：一般现在时的被动语态。句意为“植树通常 是在四月份吗？”。5.C。本句结构为：一般将来的被动语态。句意为“我的房间将 在明天被清扫”。6.B。本句结构为：一般过去时的被动语态。句意为“你们学校 是什么时候被建造的？”。7.The window of our house once a week.A.have been cleanedC.are cleanedB.i
18、s cleanedD.are cleaning8.The sick girl to the hospital at once.A.must sendC.must be sentB.be must sentD.be sent9.Many books on science since I went to college.A.were boughtC.will be boughtB.have been boughtD.are boughtBCB7.B。本句结构为：一般现在时的被动语态，且主语是单数，用be动词is。句意为“我们房子的窗户一周被清洗一次”。8.C。本句结构为：情态动词的被动语态。句意为“那个生病的女 孩必须马上被送到医院”。9.B。本句结构为：现在完成时的被动语态。句意为“自从我上大 学，已经买了许多关于科学的书”。*Thanks
