1、Grammar and usageVerb-ing forms as subjects and objectsThe music High Mountains and Flowing Water tells us the story of Boya and Zhong Ziqi who became _ for their mutual understanding of _.bosom friendsmusicIn Chinas Spring and Autumn and Warring States periods,there lived a man named Boya,who was a
2、 master of the qin.Playing the qin was his life.He played so well that everyone enjoyed listening to his music and thought highly of his techniques.However,Boya believed no one could understand his music until he met Zhong Ziqi.Boya did not say anything before playing the qin,yet Zhong Ziqi was able
3、 to paint a picture of great mountain ranges in his mind.When Boya continued playing,Zhong Ziqi said he had heard the sound of a river flowing quickly.春秋战国时期.的大师be ones life 是.的生命think highly of.对.评价很高technique 技艺n.pain a picture of 画.mountain ranges 山脉n.flow 流动v.In fact,Boya had intended to call th
4、e piece High Mountains and Flowing Water.Having someone that really understood his music pleased Boya,who never got tired of sharing his music with Zhong Ziqi.The two soon became great friends and before going their separate ways,they agreed to meet at the Mid-Autumn Festival the next year.intend to
5、 打算.高山流水please 使.高兴get tired of 厌烦go ones separate ways分道扬镳agree to答应，同意agree with 赞同However,Zhong Ziqi failed to show up on that day.When Boya learnt about Zhong Ziqis death,he was overcome with sorrow.He played High Mountains and Flowing Water in front of Zhong Ziqis grave.After he finished playin
6、g the piece,he destroyed the qin and said,“Since the only person that understands my music is gone,its no use keeping the qin.”fail to 未做，没能.show up 到达，露面be overcome with sorrow 悲痛欲绝，不胜悲哀 be overcome with/by sth 受.影响its no use doing sth 做什么没有用固定句式doing sth 是真正主语WhenWhen in Chinas(1)_WhoWho Boya,(2)_
7、 Zhong Ziqi,Boyas audience and friendWhat happenedWhat happened Boya played the qin very well,but he believed no one could(3)_ until he met Zhong Ziqi.Zhong was able to recognize the image in Boyas piece of music:(4)_.They became great friends and agreed to meet the next year.(5)_ because Zhong Ziqi
8、,the only person that could understand his music was gone.Spring and Autumn and Warring States perioda master of the qinunderstand his musicHigh Mountains and Flowing WaterBoya destroyed his qinAFind the sentences that use verb-ing forms as subjects or objects and fill in the table below.The first o
9、nes have been done for you.Verb-ing forms as subjectsVerb-ing forms as objectsPlaying the qin was his life.everyone enjoyed listening主语宾语In Chinas Spring and Autumn and Warring States periods,there lived a man named Boya,who was a master of the qin.Playing the qin was his life.He played so well that
10、 everyone enjoyed listening to his music and thought highly of his techniques.However,Boya believed no one could understand his music until he met Zhong Zigi.Boya did not say anything before playing the qin,yet Zhong Ziqi was able to paint a picture of great mountain ranges in his mind.When Boya con
11、tinued playing,Zhong Ziqi said he had heard the sound of a river flowing quickly.In fact,Boya had intended to call the piece High Mountains and Flowing Water.Having someone that really understood his music pleased Boya,who never got tired of sharing his music with Zhong Ziqi.The two soon became grea
12、t friends and before going their separate ways,they agreed to meet at the Mid-Autumn Festival the next year.However,Zhong Ziqi failed to show up on that day.When Boya learnt about Zhong Ziqis death,he was overcome with sorrow.He played High Mountains and Flowing Water in front of Zhong Ziqis grave.A
13、fter he finished playing the piece,he destroyed the qin and said,“Since the only person that understands my music is gone,its no use keeping the qin.”Exploring the rulesVerb-ing forms as subjects Playing the qin was his life.Verb-ing forms as objects .everyone enjoyed listening.Having someone that r
14、eally understood his music pleased Boya,.,its no use keeping the qin.Boya did not say anything before playing the qin,.When Boya continued playing,.who never got tired of sharing his music with Zhong Ziqi.before going their separate ways,.After he finished playing the piece,.Find the sentences that
15、use verb-ing forms as subjects or objects 动词动词-ing形式是动词的一种形式是动词的一种_形式，包括形式，包括_和和_。本宫一日不死，尔等终究是妃！臣妾现在分词臣妾过去分词臣妾不定式臣妾动名词非谓语非谓语现在分词现在分词动名词动名词动名词在句中充当的动名词在句中充当的成分与名词类似成分与名词类似，即，即作主语、宾语作主语、宾语、表语、表语（说明主语是什么东（说明主语是什么东西）、定语（表示用西）、定语（表示用途，目的）途，目的）现在分词的作用类似现在分词的作用类似于于形容词和形容词和副词副词，在，在句子中主要充当定语句子中主要充当定语（表动作）、（表
16、动作）、状语、状语、补语、补语、表语（说明主表语（说明主语是怎样的）语是怎样的）使用情况：表示经常的,习惯性的动作或状态,谓语动词通常用单数。位置：句首主语 用it作形式主语动词-ing形式作主语 VS 不定式(短语)作主语1.动词-ing形式既可作动词宾语也可作介词宾语2.可接动词-ing形式作宾语的常见动词3.常见的接动词-ing形式作宾语的动词短语4.动词-ing形式作宾语VS不定式作宾语2）只接不定式作宾语的词3）不定式作宾语+动词-ing形式作宾语但意义不同1）动词-ing形式：已经发生的或习惯性的动作 不定式：尚未发生的动作。4)need、want、require等动词后跟v-in
17、g的主动形式和跟动词不定式的被动式,都表示被动意义。动词动词-ing形式作主语形式作主语Going to Hangzhou by train takes about 16 hours.Asking a womans age is impolite in his country.表示经常的,习惯性的动作或状态,谓语动词通常用单数。动词动词-ing形式作主语形式作主语1.动词-ing形式直接置于句首主语的位置上2.动词-ing形式作主语时常后置，用it作形式主语，用形容词或名词（短语）作表语。Its no use/no good/no fun/a great pleasure/a waste of
18、 time doing sth.Saying is easier than doing.说比做容易。Its no use making an excuse for this.为这件事找借口是没有用的。Practice1.继续等他没有用了。2.为那个计划争论简直就是浪费时间。Its no use waiting for him any longer.Its really a waste of time arguing about that plan.3.Its no use crying over spilt milk.覆水难收覆水难收动词动词-ing形式作主语形式作主语动词-ing形式作主语
19、VS 不定式(短语)作主语动词-ing作主语Playing with fire is dangerous.玩火危险。不定式（短语）作主语Be careful!To play with fire is dangerous.小心点,玩火是危险的。具体的或一次性具体的或一次性的动作泛指泛指的行为1._(read)English aloud in the morning does you a lot of good.2.He realized that _(go)on like this was no use.Readingto go在实际运用中，两者一般可以互换，差异不大，但在下面这种情况不能互换：
20、当表语是动词-ing形式时，主语也要用动词-ing形式；当表语是不定式时，主语也要用不定式。眼见为实。Seeing is believing.=To see is to believe.动词动词-ing形式作宾语形式作宾语1.动词-ing形式既可作动词宾语也可作介词宾语。翻译句子：我还没读完今天的报纸。我害怕去看牙医。I havent finished reading todays newspaper.Im afraid of going to the dentist.2.可接动词-ing形式作宾语的常见动词:“避免错过少延期(avoid、miss、postpone),建议完成多练习(sugg
21、est、advise、finish、practise)，喜欢想象禁不住(enjoy、appreciate、imagine、cant help),承认否认与嫉妒(admit、deny、envy),逃避冒险莫原谅(escape、risk、excuse)”。You should avoid quarrelling with your younger sister.你应该避免与你妹妹争吵。3.常见的接动词-ing形式作宾语的动词短语有:insist on、object to、lead to、look forward to、devote to、get used to、pay attention to、g
22、et down to4.动词-ing形式作宾语与不定式作宾语的区别。She likes singing in her spare time.We plan to gather more books for those children in the village.1）一般来说，动词-ing形式表示习惯性的动作，而不定式表示尚未发生的动作。2)只接不定式作宾语，常见动词口诀如下:同意提出做计划(agree、offer、intend、plan)，要求答应来帮忙(demand、ask、promise、help),准备决定遭拒绝(prepare、decide、refuse),敢于选择有希望(dare
23、、choose、wish、hope、want、expect),不能做到莫假装(fail、pretend),设法做成决心坚(manage、determine)。(3)以下动词和短语既可接不定式作宾语,也可接动词-ing形式作宾语,但意义不同try to do sth.设法做某事try doing sth.试试做某事mean to do sth.打算/有意要做某事mean doing sth.意思是/意味着做某事be used to doing sth.习惯于做某事be used to do sth.被用来做某事cant help to do sth.不能帮助做某事 cant help doing
24、 sth.禁不住做某事 go on doing sth.继续做一直在做的事 go on to do sth.接着做另一件事stop doing sth.停止做某事 stop to do sth.停下正在做的事去做另一件事.regret doing sth.后悔做过某事(事情已经做过)regret to do sth.遗憾要做某事(事情正要做或还未做)a.I regret lending him so much money because he never paid me back.我很后悔借给他那么多钱，因为他从来没有还过我。b.I regret to tell you that you fa
25、iled the test.我遗憾的告诉你，你没有通过考试。a.Missing the bus means waiting for another hour.错过那趟巴士意味着就要再等一个小时。b.Im feeling very guilty-Ive been meaning to call my parents for days,but still havent got around to it.我感到非常内疚几天来我一直打算给父母打电话，但还是没机会打。mean doing sth 意味着 mean to do sth 打算做某事(4)need、want、require等动词后跟动名词的主
26、动形式和跟动词不定式的被动式,都表示被动意义。你的房子需要维修。这个问题需要立即予以解决。Your house needs repairing/to be repaired.The problem requires solving/to be solved immediately.1.可接动词-ing形式作宾语的常见动词:“避免错过少延期(avoid、miss、postpone),3建议完成多练习(suggest、advise、finish、practise)，4喜欢想象禁不住(enjoy、appreciate、imagine、cant help),4承认否认与嫉妒(admit、deny、en
27、vy),3逃避冒险莫原谅(escape、risk、excuse)”。32.常见的接动词-ing形式作宾语的动词短语有:insist on坚持、object to反对、lead to导致、look forward to期待、devote to致力于、get used to习惯、pay attention to注意、get down to开始 83.只接不定式作宾语，常见动词口诀如下:同意提出做计划(agree、offer、intend、plan)，4要求答应来帮忙(demand、ask、promise、help),4准备决定遭拒绝(prepare、decide、refuse),3敢于选择有希望(
28、dare、choose、wish、hope、want、expect),6不能做到莫假装(fail、pretend),2设法做成决心坚(manage、determine)2Working out the rules When the verb-ing form is used as the subject of a sentence,we can sometimes use the preparatory subject(1)_ at the beginning of the sentence.The verb-ing form can also be used as the object of
29、 a(2)_ or a(3).itverbprepositionB1 Circle the mistakes and write down the correct forms in the blanks.P21 1.Listen to music is my favourite thing to do.2.I really enjoy to read biographies of musicians.3.Its no use try to play the violin if youre not going to give it your best shot.4.Would you mind
30、to teach me how to play the guitar?5.These instruments were meant for play traditional Chinese music.Applying the rulesB2 Complete the article with the correct forms of the verbs in the brackets.If you have to choose music from the Earth to send into space,what music do you think is capable of(1)_(r
31、epresent)mankind?The sound of the Chinese qin is one answer to this question.In 1977,two spacecraft called Voyager 1 and Voyager 2 were sent out(2)_(explore)the solar system.On both spacecraft,there is a selection of music from our planet.(3)_(send)music into outer space was the idea of the famous s
32、cientist Carl Sagan,who believed intelligent life existed on other planets.The music was intended as a universal language to greet intelligent life in space(if there is any).A group of scientists and artists got down to(4)_(choose)suitable music.representingto exploreSendingchoosingApplying the rule
33、sOf course,they had trouble(5)_(select)which pieces of music to include.In the end,27 different pieces of music(6)_(last)90 minutes were put on the spacecraft.China is represented by a recording of Guan Pinghu(7)_(play)an ancient piece called Flowing Water on the Chinese instrument qin.It is said th
34、at Boya wrote it.It took about 40 years for the Voyager spacecraft(8)_(enter)the space between the stars.We do not know what will happen in the end,but maybe the sound of the qin will one day be heard on a distant planet.selectinglastingplayingto enterApplying the rules基础自测I 用所给单词的正确形式完成句子 Why did y
35、ou keep me _(wait)here for so long a time?It is considered no good_(recite)without understanding.John stopped _(have)a rest because he had worked for eight hours.I regretted_(answer)her like that.I was sorry to do so.Cant you see Im busy _(cook)?We couldnt help_(laugh)after we heard his funny story.Im afraid your suggestion cant help_(improve)the service of their shop.I feel like _(go)for a long walk.Would you make room for me?Attention must be paid to prevent the jewelry shop from_(rob).waitingto haverecitingansweringcookinglaughingto improvegoingbeing robbed
