1、西语 5班 任雯烁 By EdisonThe Greek MythologyThe Greek Mythology“Greek Mythology is a group of traditional tales told by theGreek Mythology is a group of traditional tales told by the ancientancient GreeksGreeksabout the deedsabout the deeds of godsof gods,heroes and theirheroes and their relationsrelation
2、s withwith humanhuman beings.beings.希腊神希腊神话讲话讲了很多古希腊的故事，有神、英雄的故事以及他了很多古希腊的故事，有神、英雄的故事以及他们们和普通人和普通人类类之之间间的关系。的关系。The Greek mythology is an important part of the ancient culture which has The Greek mythology is an important part of the ancient culture which has vast and deep influence on the whole wes
3、tern culture.vast and deep influence on the whole western culture.希腊神希腊神话话是古文化重要的一部分，与整个西方文化有着广泛而又是古文化重要的一部分，与整个西方文化有着广泛而又紧紧密的密的联联系。系。Its great influence upon the English language and literature is beyond description.A great number of Its great influence upon the English language and literature is b
4、eyond description.A great number of words and idioms in the English laguage come words and idioms in the English laguage come from the Greek mythology.from the Greek mythology.它在英它在英语语和文学作品方面的巨大影响力是无法形容的。英和文学作品方面的巨大影响力是无法形容的。英语语中的很多中的很多单词单词和和语语言表达方式都是来言表达方式都是来自希腊神自希腊神话话。In the beginning,the universe
5、 is a cosmos In the beginning,the universe is a cosmos evolving from Chaos.evolving from Chaos.Chaos and Gaea(the earth)generate everything that exists,including Chaos and Gaea(the earth)generate everything that exists,including seas,mountains,gods and monsters.Then Gaeas mating with her son seas,mo
6、untains,gods and monsters.Then Gaeas mating with her son Uranus Uranus（the sky),which the sky),which produces 12 Titans with Gronus as their leader.produces 12 Titans with Gronus as their leader.宇宙之初，只有卡俄斯（即宇宙之初，只有卡俄斯（即“混沌混沌”)。卡俄斯和盖。卡俄斯和盖亚创亚创造了大海、大造了大海、大山、神山、神还还有妖怪，并有妖怪，并赋赋予他予他们们生命。后来盖生命。后来盖亚亚与她的儿子与
7、她的儿子乌乌拉拉诺诺斯斯结结婚，婚，由此由此产产生了以克生了以克罗诺罗诺斯斯为为首的首的1212泰坦。泰坦。Advised by his mother,Grouns beats Uranus,severs the link Advised by his mother,Grouns beats Uranus,severs the link between sky and earth,and becomes the new king of the cosmos.between sky and earth,and becomes the new king of the cosmos.Gronus c
8、opulates with his sister,Rhea to bring about Gronus copulates with his sister,Rhea to bring about Zeus and siblings,the future of older Olympians.Zeus and siblings,the future of older Olympians.克罗诺斯在他母亲的建议和帮助下打败了他的父亲乌拉诺斯，分开了天地克罗诺斯在他母亲的建议和帮助下打败了他的父亲乌拉诺斯，分开了天地间的连接，成为了宇宙的新首领。克罗诺斯与他的姐姐瑞亚结婚，诞生了宙斯间的连接，成为了
9、宇宙的新首领。克罗诺斯与他的姐姐瑞亚结婚，诞生了宙斯以及他的兄弟姐妹，翻开了古奥林匹亚崭新的一页。以及他的兄弟姐妹，翻开了古奥林匹亚崭新的一页。The ancient Greeks worshiped many gods.The ancient Greeks worshiped many gods.Greek gods canGreek gods can bebe divided divided into several groups.The earliestinto several groups.The earliest group was Titansgroup was Titans ,l
10、edled by Cronusby Cronus.The The most powerful groupmost powerful group was the Olympianswas the Olympians .TheThe Olympians are a group of Olympians are a group of gods whogods who ruled afterruled after the overthrow the overthrow of the Titans.of the Titans.All theAll the OlympiansOlympians arear
11、e related in some wayrelated in some way .TheyThey areare named afternamed after their their dwellingdwelling（住宅住宅,住所）住所）place place Mount OlympusMount Olympus.古希腊崇拜很多神古希腊崇拜很多神,古希腊的神被分古希腊的神被分为为几几组组,最古老一最古老一组组的被的被称为称为泰坦泰坦 ,由克由克罗罗诺诺斯斯领导领导。最强大的一。最强大的一组组被被称为奥称为奥林匹斯山神。林匹斯山神。奥奥林匹斯山神由林匹斯山神由个个神神组组成成 ，他，他们颠们
12、颠覆了泰坦覆了泰坦时时期的期的规规律。所有的律。所有的奥奥林匹斯山神在某林匹斯山神在某个个方面都有着或多或少的方面都有着或多或少的联联系。系。他他们们的名字的名字来来自于他自于他们们居住的居住的奥奥林匹斯山。林匹斯山。the Titansthe Titans（十二泰坦）（十二泰坦）Cronus(Cronus(克罗诺斯克罗诺斯):):天空之神。天空之神。Rhea(Rhea(瑞亚瑞亚):):时光女神。时光女神。Oceanus(Oceanus(俄刻阿诺斯俄刻阿诺斯):):水之神。水之神。Tethys(Tethys(泰西斯泰西斯):):沧海女神。俄刻阿诺斯之妻。沧海女神。俄刻阿诺斯之妻。Crius(C
13、rius(克瑞斯克瑞斯):):生长之神。生长之神。LapetusLapetus (伊阿佩托斯伊阿佩托斯):):灵魂之神灵魂之神 。阿忒拉斯、普罗米修斯、厄庇米。阿忒拉斯、普罗米修斯、厄庇米 修斯和墨诺提俄斯之父。修斯和墨诺提俄斯之父。Phoebe(Phoebe(福柏福柏):):月之女神。月之女神勒托与阿斯特瑞亚之母。月之女神。月之女神勒托与阿斯特瑞亚之母。Coeus(Coeus(科俄斯科俄斯):):智力之神。智力之神。Themis(Themis(忒弥斯忒弥斯):):秩序和正义女神。宙斯第二位妻子秩序和正义女神。宙斯第二位妻子,时序三女神母时序三女神母 。Mnemosyne(Mnemosyne(
14、谟涅摩叙涅谟涅摩叙涅):):记忆之神。宙斯第五位妻子记忆之神。宙斯第五位妻子,九缪斯之母九缪斯之母 。Hyperion(Hyperion(许配利翁许配利翁):):光之神光之神Thea(Thea(忒亚忒亚):):许配利翁之妻。许配利翁之妻。the Godsthe Gods（十二主神）（十二主神）ZeusZeus(宙斯宙斯):the):the god of thegod of the skysky.Hera(Hera(赫拉赫拉):):the the goddess of marriage and childbirth.goddess of marriage and childbirth.Posei
15、donPoseidon(波塞冬波塞冬):):thethe g godod ofof thethe sea,protectorsea,protector.Hades(Hades(哈迪斯哈迪斯):the god the dead andwealth.):the god the dead andwealth.Hestia(Hestia(赫斯提亚赫斯提亚):the goddess of the Hearth():the goddess of the Hearth(灶台灶台).).Ares(Ares(阿瑞斯阿瑞斯):the god of war.):the god of war.Hermes(Herme
16、s(赫尔墨斯赫尔墨斯):the god of thieves and commerce.):the god of thieves and commerce.Hephaestus(Hephaestus(赫斯菲托斯赫斯菲托斯):the god of fire and the forge():the god of fire and the forge(熔炉熔炉).).Apollo(Apollo(阿波罗阿波罗):the god of light.):the god of light.Artemis(Artemis(阿尔忒弥斯阿尔忒弥斯):the goddess of chastity,virginit
17、y,the hunt,):the goddess of chastity,virginity,the hunt,the moon,and the natural environment.the moon,and the natural environment.Athena(Athena(雅典娜雅典娜):the Greek virgin goddess of reason,):the Greek virgin goddess of reason,intelligent activity,arts and literature.intelligent activity,arts and liter
18、ature.Aphrodite(Aphrodite(阿弗洛狄德阿弗洛狄德):the goddess of love,desire and beauty.):the goddess of love,desire and beauty.All the chief gods mentioned above took human forms of incomparable beauty and grace，often moved by human feelings and desires，they frequently gave way to anger and jealousy.they becam
19、e involved in ceaseless battles with the world of man.among themselves at olympus they plotted and struggled for power.in the human world they experienced competitions and difficulties.they enjoyed earthly friendships and loves.acrowd of everlasting gods looked and acted in a perfectly human fashion
20、 that is what all gods at olympus actually were.Sculpturecartoon Zeus(Jupiter)The king of the gods,the ruler of Mount Olympus and the god of the sky,weather,thunder,law,order and fate.He is the youngest son of Cronus and Rhea,whom he overthrew,and brother-husband to Hera.In artwork,he was depicted a
21、s a regal（庄严的）,mature（稳重的）man with a sturdy（健壮的）figure and dark beard.His usual attributes are the royal sceptre（王位）and the lightning bolt,and his sacred animal is the eagle.神话中宙斯威严神圣，却又会怕老婆，公正英明，却又有点小心眼爱记仇，疼惜子女，却又喜欢处处留情，遍地撒种。其人物形象非常生动性格丰满充满人性的矛盾与无奈。Hera(Juno),A proud and green-eyed（嫉（嫉妒的）妒的）woman.Q
22、ueen of marriage,women,childbirth,heirs,kings and empires.She is daughter of Cronus and Rhea，Zeuss sister.She was usually depicted as a beautiful woman wearing a crown and veil(面纱面纱)and holding a royal,lotus-tipped staff（权杖）（权杖）.Her sacred animals are the heifer（小母牛）（小母牛）,the lion,the peacock（孔雀）（孔雀
23、）and the cuckoo（杜鹃）（杜鹃）.天后的善妒众神皆知，高贵的出身，尊贵天后的善妒众神皆知，高贵的出身，尊贵的地位，宙斯的今天又都是她一手帮助得的地位，宙斯的今天又都是她一手帮助得来的，让赫拉更加目空一切，骄傲刁蛮，来的，让赫拉更加目空一切，骄傲刁蛮，对付情敌的手段更是异常狠辣。对付情敌的手段更是异常狠辣。Poseidon(Neptune)was ruler of the sea.rivers,floods,droughts,earthquakes and horses;known as the“Earth Shaker”or“Storm Bringer”.He is a brot
24、her to Zeus andHades.In classical artwork he was depicted as a mature man of sturdy build with a dark beard,and holding a trident.（三叉戟）（三叉戟）Apollo(Apollo)was the god of the sun,music and poetry.He was the son of zeus and let leto was driven by hera from land to land at last Poseidon took pity onher
25、and brought the island of delos out of water for her to live on.thereshe gave birth to the twins，apollo and artemis.阿波罗象征着青春和男子的英俊美丽。金色的头发、庄重的举止、容光焕发的神态，这些足以使他受到世人的青睐。一位名叫Christina的美丽少女迷恋于他的英俊，跪在地上，从黎明到黄昏，日复一日双手伸向太阳神,凝视着那辆金质马车在蔚蓝的天空驰骋。但她的爱并未得到回报，显然高傲王子早已见惯了各种迷恋者，但她对阿波罗的痴情从未改变，目睹这悲哀的场面，众神深受感动，将她变成了一株
26、向日葵=Artemis(Diana),Apollos twin sister,she was the goddess of the moon and the chase.apollo drove his golden carriage(马车)across the heavens during the day，admired as the sun-god.artemis also raced across the sky in solemn style at night，“the queen of wide air”gave off silver light all over the sleep
27、ing world below.she remained single all her life，just as apollo represents manly beauty，so Artemis stands for feminine purity and virginity。她终身未嫁，心灵保持着少女般纯洁，容貌娟秀安祥。她她终身未嫁，心灵保持着少女般纯洁，容貌娟秀安祥。她是少女端庄娴雅的楷模。如果说阿波罗代表了男性美，她是少女端庄娴雅的楷模。如果说阿波罗代表了男性美，她则象征着贞洁娴静的女性美。作为守护神，她把保护遇难则象征着贞洁娴静的女性美。作为守护神，她把保护遇难的少女当作自己义不容
28、辞的责任。少女们都来到她的圣坛的少女当作自己义不容辞的责任。少女们都来到她的圣坛前祈求爱情与幸福。前祈求爱情与幸福。Athena(Minerva)was the goddess of wisdom,warfare,strategy.The daughter of Zeus and Metis,she was born from Zeuss head fully-formed and armoured.(全副武装全副武装)She was depicted crowned with a crested helmet(头盔头盔)armed with shield（盾）（盾）and spear（矛）（
29、矛）,and wearing the snake-trimmed aegis cloak（披（披风）风）adorned with the head of the Gorgon.Her symbols include the aegis and the olive tree(橄榄树橄榄树).She is commonly shown accompanied by her sacred animal,the owl（猫头鹰）（猫头鹰）.雅典娜大概是大家最熟知的希腊人物之一了，她英明雅典娜大概是大家最熟知的希腊人物之一了，她英明睿智，足智多谋而灵活善战，她是雅典人们鞠躬尽瘁睿智，足智多谋而灵活善战，
30、她是雅典人们鞠躬尽瘁的守护者，身兼天下重任，眸中闪烁智慧光芒，是奥的守护者，身兼天下重任，眸中闪烁智慧光芒，是奥林帕斯最有思想的女神，庄重理性的女强人形象。林帕斯最有思想的女神，庄重理性的女强人形象。Dionysus(Bacchus)was the God of wine,parties and festivals,madness,drunkenness and pleasure.He was depicted in art as a pretty effeminate（美丽柔弱的）,long-haired youth.His attributes include the thyrsus(酒神
31、杖),drinking cup,grape vine.he was the son of zeus by semele.when his mother was burnt to death in the glory of zeus.he was still a helpless infant（小婴儿）（小婴儿）.his father trusted his up bringing to some mountain fairy maidens.they took the greatest care of him.从小就是孤儿的酒神性情乖张，放浪形骸，终年纵情享从小就是孤儿的酒神性情乖张，放浪形骸
32、，终年纵情享乐其信徒也因他们的疯狂无序而出名。他们肆无忌惮地乐其信徒也因他们的疯狂无序而出名。他们肆无忌惮地狂欢，醉生梦死地喝酒、歌舞，其侍女也因极端野蛮放狂欢，醉生梦死地喝酒、歌舞，其侍女也因极端野蛮放荡而闻名。荡而闻名。但同时他也是希腊哲学中著名享乐主义的来源。但同时他也是希腊哲学中著名享乐主义的来源。Ares(Mars)was the god of war，son of zeus and hera，God of war,bloodlust,violence,manly courage,and civil order.The son of Zeus andHera,he was depic
33、ted as either a mature,bearded warrior dressed in battle arms,or a nude beardless youth with helm and spear.on the other hand he signified courage and victory in battle，and was devoutly worshipped by soldiers going to war.战战神勇猛好强又鲁莽残暴，波塞冬的一个儿子企图诱拐神勇猛好强又鲁莽残暴，波塞冬的一个儿子企图诱拐他的女儿，战神非常不悦，毫不留情地就把他干掉了。他的女儿，战
34、神非常不悦，毫不留情地就把他干掉了。为了替儿子报仇，波塞冬拉着阿瑞斯到雅典法官面前要为了替儿子报仇，波塞冬拉着阿瑞斯到雅典法官面前要求审判战神。审判是在城外的一座小山上开庭的，阿瑞求审判战神。审判是在城外的一座小山上开庭的，阿瑞斯叙述了案情，最后被判无罪。从那以后，这座山就称斯叙述了案情，最后被判无罪。从那以后，这座山就称作雅典的最高法院，即作雅典的最高法院，即“阿瑞斯之山阿瑞斯之山”“the hill of ares”；而出审的法官们被称作雅典最高法院的法官。；而出审的法官们被称作雅典最高法院的法官。Aphrodite(Venus)was the goddess of love and be
35、auty,Zeuss daughter.Although married to Hephaestus she had many lovers,most notably Ares.She was depicted as a beautiful woman usually accompanied by her son Eros.Her symbols include rose,scallop shell and myrtle wreath.稳坐神界美貌优雅第一把交椅的维纳斯令无数凡夫俗子，稳坐神界美貌优雅第一把交椅的维纳斯令无数凡夫俗子，仙人神祗拜倒在石榴裙下，但邂逅了仙人神祗拜倒在石榴裙下，但邂
36、逅了AdonisAdonis后，美神也后，美神也不得不收起傲慢，屈伸以求，她离开奥林帕斯山的华丽不得不收起傲慢，屈伸以求，她离开奥林帕斯山的华丽宫殿来到山林中与这个美少年整日相伴左右，然而一天，宫殿来到山林中与这个美少年整日相伴左右，然而一天，她刚坐上马车回宫，废柴美少年就被一头野猪不幸顶死她刚坐上马车回宫，废柴美少年就被一头野猪不幸顶死=。回来后发现恋人尸骨已寒的她悲痛万分的大哭起来，。回来后发现恋人尸骨已寒的她悲痛万分的大哭起来，但无法将他从地府再拉回阳间，于是她飞到宙斯处，乞但无法将他从地府再拉回阳间，于是她飞到宙斯处，乞求父亲的怜悯，终与求父亲的怜悯，终与HadesHades达成协议：
37、达成协议：AdonisAdonis每年可以每年可以到阳间和到阳间和AphroditeAphrodite相聚半年，由此每到春天阿多尼斯就相聚半年，由此每到春天阿多尼斯就回到她身边享受爱的拥抱，但到了冬天他就得不情愿地回到她身边享受爱的拥抱，但到了冬天他就得不情愿地回到哈得斯那儿。回到哈得斯那儿。Adonis:Adonis:美少年；美男子；金盏花美少年；美男子；金盏花 n.n.Adonize:Adonize:打扮；变美打扮；变美v.v.Hephaestus(Vulcan)was the god of fire,metalworking,stonemasonry and sculpture.The
38、son of Hera and Zeus,he is the smith of the gods and the husband of Aphrodite.He was usually depicted as a bearded lame(瘸的)man holding hammer and tongs(钳子)the tools of a smithand riding a donkey.His symbols are the hammer and tongs.His sacred animals are the donkey,and the crane.Hermes(Mercury)the s
39、on of Zeus and Maia the God of travel,messengers,trade,thievery,cunning wiles,athletics,and animal husbandry.He is the messenger of the gods,a psychopomp who leads the souls of the dead into Hadess realm,the gods equipped him with a pair of winged sandals(飞鞋飞鞋)and winged cap（飞帽）（飞帽）to enable him to
40、travel swifter（快捷）（快捷）than sight.Hermes was also a patron（守护神）（守护神）of travellers.Hermes个性机灵聪颖，活跃敏捷经常斡旋于众神之个性机灵聪颖，活跃敏捷经常斡旋于众神之间难免有点小滑头，相传他一出生就会偷东西，间难免有点小滑头，相传他一出生就会偷东西，爬出摇篮偷了哥哥阿波罗的牛吃掉了，可见爬出摇篮偷了哥哥阿波罗的牛吃掉了，可见“盗盗神神”之称名不虚传。之称名不虚传。Hades(Pluto),King of the Underworld and god of death,the dead,and the hidde
41、n wealth of the Earth.His consort is Persephone and his attributes are the key of Hades,the Helm of Darkness,and the three-headed dog,Cerberus.The screech owl was sacred to him.Despite being the son of Cronus and Rhea and the elder brother of Zeus,he is only rarely listed among the Olympians.水星Mercu
42、ry 火星火星 Mars地球地球earth金星金星 Venus 土星土星 Saturn 木星木星 Jupiter 天王星天王星 Uranus 海王星海王星 Neptune 冥王星冥王星 Pluto Prometheus managedto steal fire from heaven and secretly brought it down to men.flying into an anger at this unjustified act of rebellion，Zeus let the other gods chain Prometheus to a rock on mountain
43、，where a hungry eagle ever tore at his liver which ever grew again.his period of pain was to be thirty-thousand years.Icarus is the son of the master craftsman(工匠)Daedalus.The story told about Icarus is his attempt to escape from Crete by means of wings that his father constructed from feathers and
44、wax（蜡）.He ignored instructions not to fly too close to the sun,and the melting wax caused him to fall to his death.。喜欢恶作剧的爱神Cupid用金箭射中了Apollo，用铅箭射中了Daphne，金箭点燃爱情，铅箭熄灭爱情。面对初次体会到爱情的高贵太阳神的强势追求，Daphne却只感到厌恶恐惧，最后Daphne无处可逃，宁愿化作月桂树（laurel）也不让阿波罗得到她。我们可怜的有王子病的王子也终于尝到了爱情的苦果(unrequited love)。悲痛之余仍霸道的发誓要永远怀念她
45、，折下月桂树枝随身佩戴桂冠”就成了优胜的标志和荣誉的象征。He kissed on the wood and said,“Since you cannot be my wife,you shall assuredly be my tree.I will wear you for my crown,I will decorate you my harp(竖琴)and my quiver(箭筒）And when the great Roman lead up the triumphal pomp(凯旋盛典)，you shall be woven(编织)into wreaths（花冠）for the
46、ir brows.”laurel:桂冠；冠军；胜利桂冠；冠军；胜利Gain Laurels:获得荣誉获得荣誉Look to ones laurel：爱惜名声：爱惜名声Rest on ones laurel:坐吃老本坐吃老本narcissus 水仙花narcissism自恋 Narcissist自恋狂 Narcissus was a handsome youth.his lovely face and graceful form were the admiration of all who looked upon him.and he was proud that he thought no o
47、ne but himself was worthy to see his beauty.One day,Narcissus stopped at a little stream.he saw a lovely face in the clear water and than madly fell in love with his reflection in the water.He pined away（逐渐消瘦）and died.The gods felt sorry for him and changed him into a flower called narcissus.they grow by the side of a pond or a stream，still bend their beautiful heads and look at the reflection of their own faces in the water.
