1、专题十二 非谓语动词（10年4考，近6年未考）中考解读：中考解读：非谓语动词有以下三个考点：动词不定式；动名词；分词。它们没有人称和数的变化，在句中不能单独作谓语。分析河北近10年中考真题可知，只在单项选择中考查了动词不定式（to do）的用法。近近6年均未考查年均未考查。解题技巧：解题技巧：在做此类试题时，考生应先分析本题该用谓语动词还是非谓语动词，然后才能确定选用动词的哪种形式。考点透析考点透析（1）判定本题该用谓语动词还是非谓语动词：根据句子是否缺少谓语。）判定本题该用谓语动词还是非谓语动词：根据句子是否缺少谓语。当句子缺少谓语时，该动词就用谓语动词形式。一般情况下，动词作谓语放在主语之
2、后，如“I love you.”中，love就是谓语动词；当句中已有谓语动词，而且没有并列连词使其与所填动词并列时，该动词就用非谓语动词形式。(2)判定本题该用非谓语动词的哪种形式：判定本题该用非谓语动词的哪种形式：根据非谓语动词的句法功能确定用哪种形式，即所作的成分；根据句式和固定搭配来确定。动词不定式（10年4考）1.不定式的用法 动词不定式的基本形式为：to+动词原形（不定式符号to有时可以省略），其否定形式为：not to+动词原形。（1）作宾语常见接不定式作宾语的词（常见接不定式作宾语的词（v.+to do sth.）:考向考向 1agree同意 cant wait等不及choose
3、选择 decide决定（2013.39）want想要 expect期望fail失败 afford 负担得起learn 学习 manage完成（困难的事）plan计划 prefer更喜欢prepare准备 promise 承诺refuse拒绝 wish/hope希望（2）作宾语补足语常见接不定式作宾语补足语的词（v.+sb.+to do sth.）：advise建议 allow允许 ask要求encourage鼓励 expect期望 force强迫invite邀请 order命令 teach教tell告诉 want想要 warn警告wish希望 would like想要（2010.33）易错点：
4、在一些使役动词和感官动词后，要把不定式结构中的to省略。但是变被动语态时，要还原to。常用的有：三看（watch,see,notice）;三使（let,make,have）;一听（hear）;一感觉（feel）。如：My mother made me clean my room yesterday morning.=I was made to clean my room by my mother yesterday morning.我妈妈昨天早晨让我打扫我的房间。（3）作状语）作状语作目的状语，放在句首或句尾（2012.37）。如：He opened the door for her to c
5、ome in.他打开门让她进来。作原因状语，和某些形容词连用构成“be+形容词+不定式”。如：I am sorry to hear that your mother is ill.听说你妈妈生病了我很难过。作结果状语，常与enough（表示肯定）或too（表示否定）连用。如：Paul is too excited to say anything.保罗激动得说不出话。（4）作主语）作主语不定式作主语时，常用it作形式主语，真正的主语动词不定式则被后置。如：Its good for you to take exercise.对你而言，锻炼是有益的。易错点易错点：若动词不定式位于句首作主语，谓语动词
6、用第三人称单数形式。如：To help others makes James happy.帮助别人让詹姆斯感到开心。（5）作表语）作表语常位于系动词之后。如：To see is to believe.眼见为实/百闻不如一见。（6）作定语）作定语（2011.32）动词不定式作定语时，要置于被修饰的名词之后，作后置定语。如：I am not free now.I have lots of things to do.我现在没空。我有很多事要做。2.不定式常见的句型不定式常见的句型（1）too+adj.+to do sth.表示“太而不能做某事”。如：The boy is too young to l
7、ook after himself.那个男孩太小而不能照顾自己。（2）adj.+enough to do sth.表示“足够可以做某事”。如：He is old enough to go to school.他到上学的年龄了。（3）prefer to do sth.rather than do sth.表示“宁愿做某事而不愿做某事”。如：She prefers to receive a small and meaningful gift rather than receive a lot of money.她宁愿收到一份有意义的小礼物也不愿收到一大笔钱。（4）Its ones duty to
8、do sth.表示“做某事是某人的义务”。如：Its my duty to look after my little sister.照顾我妹妹是我的义务。（5）It takes sb.some time to do sth.表示“某人花时间做某事”。如：It took me three hours to repair the TV set.我花了三小时修理这台电视机。（6）It is+adj.+for/of sb.to do sth.表示“做某事对于某人来说很/某人这么做真的是太了”。如：Its not easy for students to learn physics well.对学生们来
9、说学好物理不容易。3.“疑问词+动词不定式”的用法 （1）动词不定式与疑问词连用可用作主语、宾语或表语。如：When to go to Beijing hasnt been decided yet.什么时候去北京还没定下来。(作主语)I havent decided when to leave Beijing.我还没决定什么时候离开北京。(作宾语)My question is how to go to Beijing.我的问题是如何去北京。（作表语）（2）“疑问词+动词不定式”作宾语时可以转化为宾语从句。如：Can you tell me where to buy a cup?=Can you
10、 tell me where I can buy a cup?你能告诉我在哪里能买到杯子吗？动名词1.动名词（v.-ing）的功能 用法例句作主语Getting up early is a good habit.早起是个好习惯。作表语His job is teaching Chinese in a school.他的工作是在一所学校教语文。考向考向 2用法例句作宾语动词宾语 I like playing football very much.我非常喜欢踢足球。介词宾语 I have no experience in teaching English.我没有教英语的经验。作定语We need a
11、 washing machine.我们需要一台洗衣机。2.常见接动名词作宾语的词（常见接动名词作宾语的词（v.+doing sth.）:advise建议 avoid避免 consider考虑enjoy喜欢 finish完成 imagine想象keep坚持 mind介意 miss错过practice练习 feel like 想要 risk冒险succeed in成功 suggest 建议易错点：易错点：1.有一些动词后面既可以接动名词，也可以接动词不定式，但是意思有区别，常见的有：forget doing sth.忘记做过某事（已做）forget to do sth.忘记去做某事（未做）(201
12、4.33)remember doing sth.记得做过某事（已做）remember to do sth.记得去做某事（未做）regret doing sth.对做过的事感到后悔（已做）regret to do sth.对要做的事感到遗憾（未做）stop doing sth.停止做某事 stop to do sth.停下来去做另一件事 try doing sth.尝试做某事 try to do sth.设法/努力做某事 mean doing sth.意味着做某事 mean to do sth.打算做某事2.如果是动词不定式符号to，后面需跟动词原形。如果是介词，后面需跟名词、代词或动名词。初中
13、阶段常见to为介词的动词短语有：be/get/become used to习惯 stick to坚持hold on to坚持;抓住 turn to求助于lead to导致,引起，通向look forward to盼望；期待look up to敬仰；尊敬pay attention to注意分词分词有现在分词和过去分词两种形式，现在分词由“v.+-ing”构成，表示主动、进行之意；过去分词由“v.+-ed”构成，表示被动、完成之意。考向考向 3功能用法例句作定语现在分词作定语，其逻辑主语就是它所修饰的词Do you know the girl standing under the tree?你认识
14、站在树下的那个女孩吗？过去分词作定语，其逻辑宾语就是它所修饰的词Please hand in your written exercises.请上交你们的书面练习。1.分词的主要功能分词的主要功能功能用法例句作补足语现在分词作补足语，句子的宾语或主语是它的逻辑主语（即主动关系）Im sorry to keep you waiting for such a long time.我很抱歉让你等这么长时间。过去分词作补足语，句子的宾语或主语是它的逻辑宾语（即被动关系）He will have his hair cut after school.他放学后要去理发。2.现在分词与过去分词的区别（1）在语态
15、上，现在分词表示主动意义，过去分词表示被动意义。如：a moving film 一部感人的电影the moved people 被感动的人们（2）在时间上，现在分词表示正在发生的动作，过去分词表示已经完成的动作。如：the developing country 发展中国家the developed country 发达国家3.过去分词的常见搭配（1）主语+have/get sth.done“使被”。如：I want to have/get these chairs fixed.我想把这些椅子修理一下。（2）It be+过去分词+that句型：It is said that 据说It is re
16、ported that 据报道It is hoped that 人们希望It is well-known that 众所周知It is suggested that 有人建议It is required that 人们要求It is called that 被称为1.（2014河北33题）Dont forget thanks when other people help you.A.accept B.to accept C.say D.to say2.（2013河北39题）The children decide their school yard this Friday afternoon.A
17、.clean B.to clean C.cleaning D.cleanedDB考点测验考点测验3.（2012河北37题）a book in the library,enter a key word into the computer.A.To find B.Find C.To write D.Write4.（2011河北32题）Whenever you have a chance English,you should take it.A.speak B.to speak C.spoke D.speaksAB5.I think its important for children how to
18、 do chores.A.learnB.learning C.to learnD.are learning6.My mom often asks me my room on weekends.A.cleanB.to clean C.cleaningD.cleaned7.The little girl enjoys speaking English every morning.A.practicingB.to practice C.practicedD.practicesCBA8.As a volunteer,the girl wants to visit sick kids in the ho
19、spital them up.A.to cheer B.cheer C.cheering D.cheered9.Cindys grandmother is learning the new mobile phone.A.use B.uses C.used D.to useAD10.Jim went to the library some science magazines yesterday.A.borrow B.borrows C.to borrowD.borrowed11.We only planned the play for an hour,but in the end，we stay
20、ed for three hours.A.watch B.watches C.to watch D.watchedCC12.Im sorry,Miss Green.I left my math book at home.It doesnt matter.Please remember it here tomorrow.A.taking B.to take C.bringing D.to bring13.Annas parents always encouraged her questions while she was having remote(远程)lessons.A.raiseB.rai
21、sing C.to raiseD.raisesDC14.Larry hopes his English,so he keeps practicing it every day.A.to solve B.solving C.to improve D.improving15.We should learn to communicate with our parents actively a good relationship with them.A.keepingB.to keepC.keepD.kept16.Dave is a good boy and he always finishes hi
22、s homework on time.A.do B.did C.does D.doingCDB17.Remember to avoid your eyes,nose and mouth before washing your hands.A.touchB.touched C.to touchD.touching18.Jimmy often makes us by telling a lot of funny stories.A.laughB.laughed C.to laughD.laughingDA19.It took my sister three hours reading this i
23、nteresting story.A.finish B.finished C.to finish D.finishing20.Mr.Black,you are becoming healthier and healthier.Please keep on .A.ranB.to runC.runsD.running21.I regret to my head teacher,not listening to him.A.talk back B.to talk back C.talking back D.talk withCDC22.Our teacher often advises us the
24、 habit of making notes while reading.A.developB.to develop C.to developingD.developing23.David said that the glass was broken and warned me it.A.not to touchB.dont touch C.to not touchD.no touchingBA24.Last Sunday we went to the beach,and we had great fun in the water.A.playingB.plays C.playD.to pla
25、y25.Its a good habit breakfast every day.Its good for our health.A.haveB.has C.to haveD.hadAC专项提升 用所给动词的适当形式填空(必考：13道)中考解读：中考解读：用所给动词的适当形式填空是河北中考在词语运用中的考查方式，主要涉及两种形式：时态/语态变化；词性转化。时态主要考查动词的单三形式、过去式、过去分词和现在分词，每年必考其中一种变形。解题技巧：解题技巧：解答此类试题时，考生首先应分析句子结构，弄清空格处在句中作什么成分；其次，根据动词的各种形式的变化规则填写正确的答案。考点透析考点透析时态/语态
26、变化(必考12道)若所填词在句中作谓语，填词时需要考虑句子的时态和语态。常见判定方法如下：1.若空前有will/be going to/would,则要考虑将来时，即填动词原形。2.若空前有have/has，则要考虑现在完成时，即填过去分词。3.若空前有be动词，且主语为动作的执行者，则要考虑现在进行时或过去进行时，即填现在分词；若主语为动作的承受者，则要考虑被动语态，即填过去分词。考向考向 1 如果用一般现在时,主语为第一人称、第二人称或第三人称复数形式或复数名词时,谓语动词用动词原形；主语为第三人称单数或单数名词时,谓语动词用动词单三形式。注注 意意 动词的基本形式变化的规则形式 构成例词
27、动词原形不经过任何变形，就是词典中一般给出的形式be,do,have,come第三人称单数（2014.85，2012.82）一般在动词原形后直接加-sworkworks readreads以 s,o,x,z,sh,ch结尾的动词，后加-esgogoes washwashes以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，变y为i再加-esflyflies studystudies形式 构成例词过去式与过去分词（10年6考）一般在动词原形后直接加-edworkworkedstaystayed以不发音的e结尾的动词后只加-dcloseclosedlikeliked以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，变y为i再加-edstudys
28、tudiedcarrycarried以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词，双写此辅音字母再加-edstopstoppedplanplanned形式 构成例词现在分词（2015.76）一般在动词原形后直接加-ingsleepsleepingwaitwaiting以不发音的e结尾的动词，去e再加-ingsmilesmilingmovemoving以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词，双写此辅音字母再加-ingsitsittingdigdiggingplanplanning少数以ie结尾的动词，变ie为y,再加-ingdiedyinglielying词性转化(2014.81)1.动词
29、动词名词名词 填名词的判定方法填名词的判定方法所填词作句子的主语、宾语、表语或定语时，可考虑填名词。常见填名词的判定方法如下：（1）名词修饰名词(book lovers)；（2）one of the/a few+名词复数；（3）跟在介词、形容词后；（4）空前有a,an，the,数词。(填名词的单数或复数见专题一名词命题点2)考向考向 2构成例词v.+-er/-or/-rwinwinner（2014.81）playplayer sleepsleeper listenlistenerworkworker actactorsmokesmoker directdirectordancedancer d
30、esigndesignerreportreporter leadleaderlovelover ownowner构成例词v.+-ingbeginbeginning meetmeetingv.+-mentagreeagreement developdevelopmentv.+-tion/-ation/-siondirectdirectioncommunicatecommunicationeducateeducation其他choosechoice diedeathfailfailure weighweight2.动词动词形容词形容词河北中考未考查过，但此用法也比较常见，故应掌握。填形容词的判定方
31、法填形容词的判定方法所填词作表语、定语时，可考虑填形容词，常见填形容词的判定方法如下：（1）系动词后填形容词，作表语；（2）名词前填形容词，作定语；（3）“the+形容词”表示一类人。构成例词v.+-ed/-ingexciteexcited/exciting relaxrelaxed/relaxingv.+-iveactactive createcreative其他wakeawake diedead livealive sleepasleep 变化规则更多动词相关变形见词汇册附录四1.Now,l very carefully to what the teacher says.2.Youll b
32、e p if you break the traffic rules.3.The old photo often r me of my happy time in the middle school.4.Moms birthday is coming.Will you help me c a gift for her?5.Our government has p children in poor areas with food for free since 2011.istenunishedemindshooserovided考点测验考点测验6.Wild animals which are n
33、ow in danger need our (protect).7.It (believe)that tea was brought to Korea and Japan during the 6th and 7th centuries.8.The secret to (succeed)is to work hard.9.Some complain that visitors are (cause)too much stress on the environment.10.Mrs.Dean was (thank)to the policemen who had helped her kids arrive home safely.protectionis believedsuccesscausingthankful
