1、中国人民大学出版社中国人民大学出版社Unit OneUseful Gambits for CommunicationSection OneGreetingsActivity 1-1-1 Listen to the following sample dialogue on Page 1 carefully.Then find a partner and read this sample dialogue aloud.Pay attention to your pronunciation and intonation.Activity 1-1-2 Brainstorm(集思广益集思广益)to ga
2、ther as many gambits as you can about 1)how to greet someone and 2)how to reply to greetings.The answers are provided only as suggestions on Page 219220.Culture Note Greetings in all languages are mainly used to establish contact with another person,to recognize his/her existence and to show friendl
3、iness.Therefore,replies to such greetings are usually positive even if you arent feeling well at that particular moment.You only give an honest negative reply to a very close friend or family member.Two negative replies to“How are you?”are“I feel terrible.”and“Im really sick.”After you greet someone
4、,its nice to be able to say a little more than just“Hello.”After greeting people,North Americans often have a short and friendly conversation about a safe topic.A safe topic is one that is not too personal.This kind of conversation is called small talk(闲聊，寒暄闲聊，寒暄).Typical topics for small talk are:1
5、)a persons education/work 2)a persons interests/hobbies 3)food 4)vacations and travel plans 5)weather 6)news(local,national and international)7)TV programs 8)movies 9)future plans 10)recent activities or experiences Activity 1-1-3 Pair work:Read the following situations on Page 23 and practice with
6、your partner how to greet each other.Change roles when you can talk fluently in each situation.Present each of the conversations to the class.Section Two Introducing YourselfActivity 1-2-1 Listen to the following sample dialogue on Page 34 carefully.Then find a partner and read this sample dialogue
7、aloud.Pay attention to your pronunciation and intonation.Activity 1-2-2 Brainstorm to gather as many gambits as you can about 1)how to introduce yourself and 2)how to reply to someones self-introduction.The answers are provided only as suggestions on Page 220.Culture Note When introducing oneself in
8、 a formal situation,a native speaker of English is more likely to give both his/her first name(given name)and last name(family name or surname).For example,Hello,my names James Phillips.Hello,Im James Phillips.However,in an informal situation,a native speaker of English may just give his/her first n
9、ame.For example,Hi,my names James.Hi,Im James.Activity 1-2-3 Pair work:Read the following situations on Page 45 and practice with your partner how to introduce yourself.Change roles when you can talk fluently in each situation.Present each of the conversations to the class.Section ThreeIntroducing O
10、thersActivity 1-3-1 Listen to the following sample dialogue on Page 6 carefully.Then find two partners and read this sample dialogue aloud.Pay attention to your pronunciation and intonation.Activity 1-3-2 Brainstorm to gather as many gambits as you can about 1)how to introduce others and 2)how to re
11、ply when being introduced.The answers are provided only as suggestions on Page 220221.Culture Note When making a formal introduction in English,the introducer often uses the peoples titles(头衔头衔)and last names.For example,Introducer:Ms.Winston,Id like you to meet Dr.Herrick.Ms.Winston:Its nice to mee
12、t you,Dr.Herrick.Dr.Herrick:Its nice to meet you,too,Ms.Winston.Here are some common address forms in English:Dr.Sargent Professor Cray Dean Jackson Mr.Jones(for a married or unmarried man)Ms.Smith(for a married or unmarried woman)Mrs.Snow(for a married woman only)Miss Lee(for a single woman only)Dr
13、.,Professor,Dean,Mr.,Ms.,Mrs.,and Miss are only used with the last name.If someone introduces you by your last name(e.g.Dr.Sargent)but you would like to be called by your first name(e.g.Bob),you can just say,“Please call me Bob.”When making an informal introduction in English,the introducer usually
14、uses the peoples first names.Sometimes both first and last names are used.For example,Introducer:Andy,Id like you to meet Terry(Gray).Terry,this is Andy(Piper).Andy Piper:Nice to meet you,Terry.Terry Gray:Happy to meet you,too,Andy.In some very informal situations,the introducer may use only the peo
15、ples first names.For example,Introducer:Sandy,this is Sheila.Sheila,this is Sandy.Sandy:Hello,Sheila.Sheila:Hi,Sandy.Activity 1-3-3 Work in groups of three:Read the following situations on Page 78 and practice with your partners how to introduce others.Change roles when you can talk fluently in each
16、 situation.Present each of the conversations to the class.Section FourGoodbyesActivity 1-4-1 Listen to the following sample dialogue on Page 9 carefully.Then find a partner and read this sample dialogue aloud.Pay attention to your pronunciation and intonation.Activity 1-4-2 Brainstorm to gather as m
17、any gambits as you can about how to say goodbye.The answers are provided only as suggestions on Page 221222.Culture Note To end a conversation,North Americans usually use preclosings before using closings.Preclosings are phrases that signal the gradual approach to the end of a conversation;closings
18、are phrases that explicitly end the conversation.If one speaker quits talking too suddenly,says goodbye and leaves the other speaker,the other speaker may feel cut off abruptly.In formal situations,the superior(in age,status,etc.)usually precloses.In informal situations,either speaker may preclose.P
19、reclosings often include thanking a person for something or making an excuse or apology.For example,A:Well,thank you for your advice.Maybe we can talk again sometime.B:Sure.A:Oh,look at the time!I have to go now.B:OK.Bye-bye.A:Take it easy.Bye-bye.North Americans also use some non-verbal cues to sug
20、gest that they wish the conversation to come to a close.For example,1)A person is looking at his/her watch or cellphone a lot.2)A person starts to stand up if sitting.3)A person starts walking towards(or looking at)the door if standing.4)A person is looking at other people or things in the room.Acti
21、vity 1-4-3 Pair work:Read the following situations on Page 1011 and practice goodbyes with your partner.Change roles when you can talk fluently in each situation.Present each of the conversations to the class.Section FiveAsking People to Repeat Themselves Activity 1-5-1 Listen to the following sampl
22、e dialogue on Page 1112 carefully.Then find a partner and read this sample dialogue aloud.Pay attention to your pronunciation and intonation.Activity 1-5-2 Brainstorm to gather as many gambits as you can about how to ask people to repeat themselves.The answers are provided only as suggestions on Pag
23、e 222.Culture Note To get the speaker to repeat only the word(s)or phrase that they didnt hear clearly in a sentence,North Americans often use some of the following methods:1)To repeat the word that came just before the word they want repeated.For example,A:Can I have another spoon,please?B:Another.
24、?Hearing this,the speaker will repeat the next word“spoon.”Note that the word“another”should be said with a rising intonation.2)To use a question word.Question words are what,who,where,when,why and how.For example,A:The spoon is on the table.B:The spoon is where?Hearing this,the speaker will then sa
25、y,“On the table.”Note that the question word“where”should be said with a rising intonation.3)To ask questions like“What do you mean by.?”or“What does.mean?”For example,A:I like any job that can give me a lot of space.B:What do you mean by space?A:Well,it means freedom.Hearing this question,the speak
26、er explains that“space”here means“freedom”.Activity 1-5-3 Pair work:Read the following situations on Page 1314 and practice with your partner how to ask people to repeat themselves.Change roles when you can talk fluently in each situation.Present each of the conversations to the class.Section SixMak
27、ing and Accepting ApologiesActivity 1-6-1 Listen to the following sample dialogue on Page 14 carefully.Then find a partner and read this sample dialogue aloud.Pay attention to your pronunciation and intonation.Activity 1-6-2 Brainstorm to gather as many gambits as you can about 1)how to make an apol
28、ogy and 2)how to accept an apology.The answers are provided only as suggestions on Page 222223.Culture Note There are many different situations that require an apology,but they all share the fact that something undesirable(不受欢迎不受欢迎的的)or unpleasant has happened.In most cases,the person who has made a
29、 mistake apologizes plus offers an excuse when necessary.North Americans make apologies mainly in the following situations:1)hurting someones feelings or causing a misunderstanding,2)being late for or missing a meeting,a class,an appointment,3)interrupting a conversation,a meeting or an activity,4)t
30、aking someone elses property (物品物品)by mistake,5)damaging another persons property,6)invading someones personal space by bumping(碰撞碰撞)into or hitting him/her accidentally.The usual way to react to an apology is to accept it.When you accept an apology,you are actually showing that everything is all ri
31、ght and that you have no hard feelings toward that person.Activity 1-6-3 Pair work:Read the following situations on Page 1516 and practice with your partner how to make and accept apologies.Change roles when you can talk fluently in each situation.Present each of the conversations to the class.Secti
32、on SevenThanking People and Replying to ThanksActivity 1-7-1 Listen to the following sample dialogue on Page 16 carefully.Then find a partner and read this sample dialogue aloud.Pay attention to your pronunciation and intonation.Activity 1-7-2 Brainstorm to gather as many gambits as you can about 1)
33、how to thank people and 2)how to reply to thanks.The answers are provided only as suggestions on Page 223224.Culture Note The following list contains the most common situations that require thanks:1)for a gift 2)for an offer of help 3)for an invitation 4)for services 5)for a compliment(赞扬赞扬)or a wis
34、h for success 6)when leaving a party or social gathering 7)when asked about ones health,etc.In Chinese culture,when person A gets help from person B,person A may say things like“Thank you very much and Im sorry to have wasted so much of your time,”thinking this is the best way to show his/her gratit
35、ude to person B.However,North Americans do not see helping others as a waste of time.So,they may be offended(不悦不悦)upon hearing such an utterance(表达表达)from a Chinese,because they dont want to give the impression that time was being wasted,an impression they didnt mean to create at all.A Chinese stude
36、nt,for example,after being helped by his American teacher,can just express his thanks followed by a reason to explain why he is leaving like“Thanks a lot for your help.Im afraid I must be leaving now because I have to prepare for the exam.”Activity 1-7-3 Pair work:Read the following situations on Pa
37、ge 1718 and practice with your partner how to thank people and how to reply to thanks.Change roles when you can talk fluently in each situation.Present each of the conversations to the class.Section EightCompliments and/or CongratulationsActivity 1-8-1 Listen to the following sample dialogue on Page
38、 19 carefully.Then find a partner and read this sample dialogue aloud.Pay attention to your pronunciation and intonation.Activity 1-8-2 Brainstorm to gather as many gambits as you can about 1)how to compliment someone,2)how to reply to someones compliment,3)how to congratulate someone,and 4)how to r
39、eply to someones congratulations.The answers are provided only as suggestions on Page 224225.Culture Note North Americans may compliment their close friends or someone they have just met,and in certain cases,they may compliment a stranger in order to get some information.The following example is a c
40、onversation between two strangers:A:Excuse me,but I was just admiring your bag.Its really nice.B:Oh,thank you.A:Would you mind telling me where you got it?Ive been looking for one like that for a long time.B:Its from that luggage store down on York Avenue.A:Oh,thank you very much.B:My pleasure.In Ch
41、inese culture,the ability to preserve self-denial(自贬自贬)is marked as a sign of virtue in modesty.Yet when English speakers compliments are rejected by Chinese,those English speakers tend not to value Chinese self-denial as a sign of modesty.Instead,some of them may feel embarrassed as if they have ma
42、de a wrong judgment,while some others may assume that self-denial is a strategy used by Chinese to elicit(诱导出诱导出)stronger compliments.In contrast,North Americans prefer to accept other peoples compliments as a kind of recognition of their individual efforts.For example,A:I think your speech was exce
43、llent.B:Yes,I think I did well.Im glad you enjoyed it.When we Chinese communicate with native speakers of English,we should keep in mind that its more polite and more appreciated to accept their compliments than reject them.Activity 1-8-3 Pair work:Read the following situations on Page 2021 and prac
44、tice with your partner how to give compliments and/or congratulations.Change roles when you can talk fluently in each situation.Present each of the conversations to the class.Section NineOffering to Do SomethingActivity 1-9-1 Listen to the following sample dialogue on Page 22 carefully.Then find a p
45、artner and read this sample dialogue aloud.Pay attention to your pronunciation and intonation.Activity 1-9-2 Brainstorm to gather as many gambits as you can about 1)how to offer to do something,2)how to accept an offer,and 3)how to decline an offer.The answers are provided only as suggestions on Pag
46、e 225.Culture Note When you decline an offer,in addition to expressing your gratitude,its often considered polite to give some kind of explanation.You can give a very general explanation such as“I think I can manage by myself.Thank you.”You can also give a more specific explanation like the one in t
47、he following conversation:A:Theres plenty of cake in the kitchen.Would you like another piece?B:No.Thanks for asking but Ive had enough to eat.Activity 1-9-3 Pair work:Read the following situations on Page 2324 and practice with your partner how to offer to do something.Change roles when you can tal
48、k fluently in each situation.Present each of the conversations to the class.Section TenSeeking PermissionActivity 1-10-1 Listen to the following sample dialogue on Page 24 carefully.Then find a partner and read this sample dialogue aloud.Pay attention to your pronunciation and intonation.Activity 1-
49、10-2 Brainstorm to gather as many gambits as you can about 1)how to seek permission,2)how to give permission,and 3)how to refuse to give permission.The answers are provided only as suggestions on Page 226227.Culture Note North Americans generally explain the reason(s)why they are refusing to give so
50、meone permission to do something.For example,A:Is it all right if I bring a friend home to spend the weekend?B:No,I dont want you to this weekend.We have to finish painting the house and I really need your help.To explain your reason,you can choose one of the following expressions:Well,you see.The r
