1、第第10单元单元 翻译技巧（六）翻译技巧（六）重复法重复法 v重复法指的是在译文中适当地重复原文中前文刚刚出现过的词语，以使意思表达得更加清楚，或者进一步加强语气、突出强调某些内容、收到更好的修辞效果。v为了增强表达效果而有意地重复使用同一词语，这在修辞学上称作“反复”。v无论在适用范围还是在出现频率或表现形式等方面，汉语的重复明显超过英语。(1)They“make mistakes,”suffered by them,acknowledged and studied them,thus planned victory.原译：他们“犯过错误”，吃过它们的亏，承认并研究它们，从而做出了胜利的决策
2、。(2)I have experienced oxygen and/or engine trouble.原译：我已经碰到过氧气设备或者引擎或者二者都出故障的情况了。翻译中经常采用重复法的一些主要情况 v10.1 汉译“多枝共干”结构中的重复v10.2 重复代词所替代的名词v10.3 重复强调型关系代词或强调型关系副词v10.4 重复上文出现过的动词v10.5 重复同义词语v10.6 译文修辞需要的重复10.1 汉译“多枝共干”结构中的重复v“多枝共干”结构，亦称“骈合结构”:一个词（语）与两个或几个词（语）的搭配组合.如：v英语中一动词带两个或几个宾语，一个宾语有两个或几个动词；一个名词由两个
3、或几个定语修饰，一个定语同时修饰两个或几个名词；两个或几个介词有一个宾语，等等。v译成汉语时，往往将相当于“干干”的部分加以重复，以使译文明确达意、自然通顺。v10.1.1 重复共同的动词v10.1.2 重复共同的宾语 v10.1.3 重复共同修饰的名词v10.1.4 重复共同的定语10.1.1 重复共同的动词v(3)They dont concede,they never have and never will.v(4)We shall overcome all the difficulties so long as we study hard and in a good way.v(5)P
4、lant growth needs sunshine,air and water as well.v(6)It was once hoped that such minicars could be successfully developed,and what was more,that their cost would be reasonable enough to make them commercially available.10.1.2 重复共同的宾语v(7)People use natural science to understand and change nature.v(8)
5、Teachers should try their best to develop the students ability to analyze and solve problems.v(9)The purpose of radar is to obtain,process and display information.v(10)Man has to work with,and not against,nature.10.1.3 重复共同修饰的名词v(11)Ignorance is the mother of fear as well as of admiration.v(12)The s
6、cholar has already published over a hundred political and technical treatises.v（13）The foreign guest said:“China is the cradle of an ancient and modern culture that has inspired the world with ideals.”10.1.4 重复共同的定语v(14)It requires such materials as can bear high temperature and pressure.v(15)Over t
7、he years,tools and technology themselves as a source of fundamental innovation have largely been ignored by historians and philosophers of science.v(16)I identify myself as one of critical lovers and loving critics of the United Nations.有时由于汉语的搭配习惯，翻译有时由于汉语的搭配习惯，翻译“多枝共干结构中的多枝共干结构中的重复并不一定都采用完全相同的词（语）
8、重复并不一定都采用完全相同的词（语）。例如。例如v(17)Use of these probes will eliminate the problems and errors associated with wet chemical analysis.v(18)John in the parlour,his boss was at lunch on steak and beer.v(19)A scientist constantly tries to defeat his hypotheses,his theories,and his conclusions.v(20)Intense ligh
9、t and heat in the open contrasted with the coolness of shaded avenues and the interiors of buildings.10.2 重复代词所替代的名词v10.2.1 重复人称代词替代的名词v10.2.2 重复物主代词替代的名词v10.2.3 重复关系代词替代的名词v10.2.4 重复其它代词替代的名词10.2.1 重复人称代词替代的名词v一般而言，英语为了避免重复而多用代称；汉语则英语为了避免重复而多用代称；汉语则习惯于实称，少用代称习惯于实称，少用代称。因此，汉译时原文中的人称代词该省译的须省译、该还原的须还原
10、，即重复译出所替代的名词。例如：v(21)When you close the switch,it completes the circuit.v(22)If an atom contains three protons,it must have three electrons to be electrically neutral.v(23)The creditor draws the bill;he is the person in the above definition and is called the drawer.He addressed it to another,who is
11、the debtor and is called the drawee.v(24)Liquids are like solids in that they have a definite volume.v(25)Happy families also had their own troubles.10.2.2重复物主代词替代的名词v英语中使用物主代词its,his,their等的频率颇高。在一些场合，这种物主代词既不宜省译也不宜照译，却宜重复所替代的名词重复所替代的名词，以使译文具体明确，表达更加符合汉语习惯。例如：v(26)Radio waves are similar to light w
12、aves except that their wave-length is much greater.v(27)Milk is liable to the growth of disease germs and hence pasteurization during its processing is required.v(28)It goes without saying that big powers have their strategies while small countries also have their own lines.v(29)The old vagrant beli
13、eves that poverty has its advantage.v(30)Each man has his own way of making friends.10.2.3 重复关系代词替代的名词v用于引导英语定语从句的关系代词，既在定语从句中充当某一成分，又代表定语从句所修饰的先行词。翻译英语关系代词有时需要将作先行词的名词重复有时需要将作先行词的名词重复译出译出。例如：v(31)An element is a substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substance by ordinary chemical means.
14、v(32)The fact that an electric torpedo can be launched,make its run and strike with little warning makes it useful by submarines,which can often complete and retire from an attack without coming under observation.v(33)Later,people will undergo a progressive loss of their vigor and resistance which,t
15、hough imperceptible at first,will finally become so steep that they can live no longer,however well society,and their doctors,look after them.v(34)Some played football and others played basketball.10.2.4 重复其它代词替代的名词v英语中经常使用的其它代词，如指示代词 that或those，不定代词one(s)等，译成汉语时为使意义明为使意义明确具体、译文自然地道，也经常将其代替的名词重确具体、译
16、文自然地道，也经常将其代替的名词重复译出复译出。例如：v(35)Translation from English into Chinese is not so easy as that from English into French.v(36)The silks of China are better than those of any other countries.v(37)It is known that in vacuum light bodies will fall as fast as heavy ones.v(38)Some of the materials which wer
17、e pushed up to the crust from the molten core of the Earth formed water.Others formed the gases of the atmosphere.The water evaporated to form clouds.These rose into the sky to form rain.10.3 重复强调型关系代词或强调型关系副词v英语中的强调型关系代词或强调型关系副词指的是由who(m),which,what 等代词及where,when 等副词和 ever 构成的合成词。汉译时，经常重复这类关系词，以清楚
18、表达强调意味。例如：v(39)Whoever breaks the law deserves punishment.v(40)Give it to who(m)ever you like.v(41)You may borrow whichever novel in my bookcase you like best.v(42)The tank division backstopped the line wherever it weakened.v(43)Come whenever it is to your convenience.10.4 重复上文出现过的动词v英语中为了避免重复，上文出现过
19、的某些动词下文常常省略，而只保留不定式符号 to，或使用代动词do 以及有关助动词等。英汉翻译时往往需要将这些英汉翻译时往往需要将这些动词重复译出动词重复译出。例如：v(44)Light travels much more quickly than sound does.v(45)In any case work does not include time,but power does.v(46)You can do that work very well if you care to.v(47)The rollers are in contact with each other and if
20、 one rotates,the other also does by reason of friction between them.v(48)The robot has accomplished the assigned task and excellently indeed.10.5 重复同义词语v英语中为了避免重复使用同一个词语，在再次提及相同的人或物以及表达相同的意思时，往往利用同义词语。翻译时，却经常重复使用相同的词语。如：v(49)For many applications thin-film resistors and capacitors offer certain dist
21、inct advantages over their junction counterparts.v(50)A rocket has set off on its 35 million mile trip to Mars and scientists are waiting anxiously for the results.The rocket will be traveling for six months before it reaches the planet.v(51)The monkeys most extraordinary accomplishment was learning
22、 to operate a tractor.By the age of nine,the monkey had learned to solo on the vehicle.v(52)The newly-developed plastics wont give way to pressure just like some alloy steels do not deform when subjected to gravity.10.6 译文修辞需要的重复v为了使译文生动有力、自然流畅，翻译时同样需要借助于重复法，即灵活运用叠字叠词、四字对偶叠字叠词、四字对偶等修辞手段。例如：v(53)Its
23、a bit fishy that the old man should have given away a villa like that.v(54)He only knows that it was Mary who nursed him day and night.v(55)His mother described him at two as“round and fat and strong as a five-year-old.”.v(56)The road was packed with a noisy crowd of men and women,who were selling a
24、nd buying all kinds of things.v(57)The Curies defied all these difficulties and finally in 1902,they succeeded in separating a tiny amount of radium chloride.v(58)Scientific exploration,the search for knowledge has given man the practical results of being able to shield himself from the calamities o
25、f nature and the calamities imposed by other men.v(59)What America has lost,says one veteran observer,is the cocky,do-anything assurance of the 1950s.v(60)After that steep climb her strength reached vanishing point.v英汉翻译时恰当使用四字对偶词组有助于使译文言简意赅、生动活泼、通顺流畅。如：v a mixed accent 南腔北调 gratitude 感恩戴德v by hook and brook 千方百计 ignorant 愚昧无知v calm 泰然自若 in chaos 乌烟瘴气v careless 粗心大意 ingratitude 忘恩负义v deep hatred 深仇大恨 outlandish clothes 奇装异服v earth-shaking 惊天动地 rumors 流言蜚语v ever changing 日新月异 strange tale 奇谈怪论v fair 公平合理 talk nonsense 胡言乱语v prosperity 繁荣昌盛 street gossip 街谈巷议
