1、商务英语阅读商务英语阅读1 1Unit 4 CompaniesContents 2.Text B 1.Text A 4.Reading Skills 3.Cultural TourLead-in Discussion1.Think of companies with quick growth.Which countries are they in?What do they make or provide?Lead-in Discussion2.Do investors have big influence on companies development?Lead-in Discussion3
2、.Do you think sustainability is crucial for companies?Why or why not?Structural AnalysisPara.Main TopicsPara.1-3Both startups and public companies are easily to be caught in growth trap because investors invest in order to sell it.Para.4-11Shareholders mandate on growth is killing their companies;it
3、s also killing our economy,our job market and our planet.Structural AnalysisPara.Main TopicsPara.12-15Government policies should encourage shareholders to put emphasis on business sustainability instead of capital earnings.Part I Words and Expressionsleapfrog(para.1)v.to use the achievements of anot
4、her person or group in order to make advances of ones own(利利用别人成就用别人成就)超越超越 It is already obvious that all four American systems have leapfrogged over the European versions.显然，美国的全部显然，美国的全部4套系统已经超越了欧洲的版套系统已经超越了欧洲的版本。本。Part I Words and Expressionsplateau（Para.1）n.a stage where there is no further cha
5、nge or development.稳定阶段，停滞时期稳定阶段，停滞时期 I think the economy is stuck on a kind of plateau of slow growth.我认为经济将停留在缓慢发展的阶段。我认为经济将停留在缓慢发展的阶段。Part I Words and Expressionsunderlying(Para.2)adj.being or involving basic facts or principles 根本根本的；基本的的；基本的 He theorized that the underlying cause of the war was
6、 slavery.他从理论上阐明这次战争的根本原因在于奴隶他从理论上阐明这次战争的根本原因在于奴隶制度。制度。Part II Words and Expressionspump up (Para.4)to make sb.in a state of excitement and enthusiasm给给打气打气 They find it difficult to pump themselves up for the games.他们感到要为自己加油打气，自信满满地去打他们感到要为自己加油打气，自信满满地去打比赛并不容易。比赛并不容易。Part I I Words and Expressions
7、scorched-earth policy (Para.5)the deliberate burning,destruction,and removal by an army of everything that would be useful to an enemy coming into the area 当敌人进入某处当敌人进入某处时故意烧毁、破坏及移除任何可能对敌人有用时故意烧毁、破坏及移除任何可能对敌人有用的东西的东西;a measure undertaken by a corporation to discourage unwanted takeover attempts焦土焦土(
8、政策政策);He employed a scorched-earth policy,destroying villages and burning crops.他采取了焦土政策，摧毁村庄并烧掉了庄稼。他采取了焦土政策，摧毁村庄并烧掉了庄稼。Part I I Words and Expressionsamplify(Para.6)v.to increase strength or intensity.增强增强 The mist had been replaced by a kind of haze that seemed to amplify the heat.阴霾替代了薄雾，这似乎加重了炎热的
9、程度。阴霾替代了薄雾，这似乎加重了炎热的程度。Part I I Words and Expressionscannibalize(Para.7)v.If one of a companys products cannibalizes the companys sales,people buy it instead of any of the companys other products.(公司中的一种产公司中的一种产品品)损害、冲击（其他产品的销量）损害、冲击（其他产品的销量）True,if Apple acquired Netflix,it would cannibalize some o
10、f its iTunes business,but the alternative is to have that same business hijacked by an independent Netflix anyway.当然，如果苹果收购了当然，如果苹果收购了Netflix，部分业务会和，部分业务会和iTunes重叠；但如果不收购，这部分生意也会被重叠；但如果不收购，这部分生意也会被独立的独立的Netflix夺走，结果还是一样。夺走，结果还是一样。Part I I Words and Expressionsend up doing （Para.9）end up doing someth
11、ing or end up in a particular state,you do that thing or get into that state even though you did not originally intend to.到头来到头来 If you dont know what you want,you might end up getting something you dont want.如果你不知道自己想要什么，你可能会到头来如果你不知道自己想要什么，你可能会到头来得到自己不想要的东西。得到自己不想要的东西。Part I I Words and Expression
12、sexponential rate(Para.11)指数速率指数速率Populations tend to grow at an exponential rate.人口趋向于以指数比率增长。人口趋向于以指数比率增长。Part III Words and Expressionsvelocity(Para.12)n.the speed at which something moves in a particular direction.(沿某一方向运动的沿某一方向运动的)速度速度 The velocity of light is about 300，000 kilometres per secon
13、d.光速约为每秒光速约为每秒30 0000千米。千米。Part III Words and Expressionspayroll(Para.13)n.the total amount of money paid in wages 工资单工资单 According to the payroll,the income tax is withheld from the gross pay already.根据工资单，个人所得税已经从工资总额中扣除根据工资单，个人所得税已经从工资总额中扣除了。了。Part III Words and Expressionsscoff at (Para.14)to sp
14、eak about sth.in a way that shows you think it is ridiculous or inadequate.嘲笑嘲笑They scoff at the idea that he will retire next year.他们对他明年要退休的想法冷言相讥。他们对他明年要退休的想法冷言相讥。Part III Words and Expressionsresilience(Para.15)n.an occurrence of rebounding or springing back 应应变力；复原力变力；复原力 This generation of Ame
15、ricans has been tested by crises that steeled our resolve and proved our resilience.这一代美国人经历了危机的考验，经济危机坚这一代美国人经历了危机的考验，经济危机坚定了我们的决心，证明了我们的恢复力。定了我们的决心，证明了我们的恢复力。Part III Words and Expressionsobsess(Para.15)v.be preoccupied with something 使使着迷；着迷；使使困扰困扰 We are lucky to live in this world,and we should
16、 not be obsessed with too many things,such as who has a better car or who has a bigger house.活着就是幸福的，很多事情都不用特别地在意，活着就是幸福的，很多事情都不用特别地在意，比如谁的车好，谁的房子大。比如谁的车好，谁的房子大。Part I NotesTwitter(Para.1):An online news and social networking service where users post and interact with messages,tweets,restricted to 1
17、40 characters.Twitter Inc.is based in San Francisco and has more than 25 offices around the world.推特推特Part I NotesLinkedIn(Para.1)：A business and employment-oriented social networking service that operates via websites.Founded on December 28,2002,and launched on May 5,2003,it is mainly used for prof
18、essional networking,including employers posting jobs and job seekers posting their CVs.领英领英Part II NotesAmazon(Para.5)：An American electronic commerce and cloud computing company,founded on July 5,1994,by Jeff Bezos and based in Seattle,Washington.It is the largest Internet-based retailer in the wor
19、ld by total sales and market capitalization.亚马逊亚马逊Part I I NotesUber(Para.5)：An American worldwide online transportation network company headquartered in San Francisco,California.It develops,markets and operates the Uber app,which allows consumers with smartphones to submit a trip request,which the
20、software program then automatically sends to the Uber driver nearest to the consumer,alerting the driver to the location of the customer.优步优步Part II NotesS&P 500(Para.6)：An American stock market index based on the market capitalizations of 500 large companies having common stock listed on the NYSE o
21、r NASDAQ.标准普尔标准普尔500指数指数Part I I NotesFortune(Para.8)：A multinational business magazine,published and owned by Time Inc.and headquartered in New York City.The magazine is best known for the Fortune 500,a ranking of companies by revenue that it has published annually since 1955.财富财富Part II NotesDeloi
22、tte(Para.9)：A UK-incorporated multinational professional services firm with operational headquarters in New York City in the United States.Deloitte is one of the“Big Four”accounting firms and the largest professional services network in the world by revenue and number of professionals.德勤会计德勤会计师事务所师事
23、务所Part III NotesWall Street(Para.14)：An eight-block-long street running roughly northwest to southeast from Broadway to South Street,at the East River,in the Financial District of Lower Manhattan in New York City.Over time,the term has become a metonym for the financial markets of the United States
24、as a whole,the American financial sector(even if financial firms are not physically located there),or New York-based financial interests.华尔街华尔街Part I Questions1.Why may a company like Twitter be considered dead when its revenue reaches a plateau?Thats because in order to take on large volume of capi
25、tal,companies like Twitter sell shares in the financial markets.They have to give priority to the more important imperative which can drive up share price instead of their underlying businesses.Investors in the financial markets dont invest in order to own a company;they invest in order to sell it.P
26、art I I Questions2.What does the author mean by“home run”in paragraph 4?In baseball,a home run is a hit that allows the batter to run around all four bases and score a run.In the text by“home run”,the author means that companies just want to gain great success by acquisition or IPO.Part I I Question
27、s3.Why does the author get many calls from CEOs every year?They call for advices on how they could communicate with their investors and explain to them that the order of growth is killing their companies.Part III Questions4.On a policy level,what should be done to encourage transaction and the deplo
28、yment of money instead of the accumulation of capital?The easiest way is to levy tax on capital gains rather than dividends and payroll earnings.In that way,shareholders can be encouraged to invest a company in a long instead of selling it at a higher price.Part III Questions5.If you were a CEO,whic
29、h one would you give priority to,growth or sustainability?Why?Discuss this questions with the whole class.You could give examples of business which give priory to growth or sustainability.Explain what you have learnt form these businesses.Structural AnalysisPara.Main TopicsPara.1-3Corporate social r
30、esponsibility(CSR)has become a trend in China in the last decade and China is trying its best to achieve the success in sustainabilityPara.4Government Regulation and compliance is the incentives in the promotion of CSR.Para.5-6MNCs and global competition is another driver of CSR development.Structur
31、al AnalysisPara.Main TopicsPara.7-9Civil society,new media and public opinion are all major players in the promotion and implementation of CSR activitiesWords and Expressionsstereotype n.a fixed general image or set of characteristics that a lot of people believe represent a particular type of perso
32、n or thing.模式化形象模式化形象;成见成见Theres always been a stereotype about successful businessmen.对成功的商人们总有一种成见。对成功的商人们总有一种成见。Words and Expressionsdiscourse n.spoken or written communication between people,especially serious discussion of a particular subject.(某专题的某专题的)会话会话 Since life for most is no longer a d
33、aily struggle for basic necessities to meet physical needs,topics of public discourse are beginning to touch on aspects of life we have seldom addressed before.当大部分人的生活不再是每天为了满足最基本当大部分人的生活不再是每天为了满足最基本的物质需求而奔波劳碌的时候，公众谈论的话的物质需求而奔波劳碌的时候，公众谈论的话题就开始涉及以前从未谈论的方面。题就开始涉及以前从未谈论的方面。Words and Expressionstranspa
34、rency n.the quality that an object or substance has when you can see through it.透明性透明性 I appreciate all of your work to give the industry more transparency.我非常欣赏所有你的工作给了这个行业更多的透我非常欣赏所有你的工作给了这个行业更多的透明度。明度。Words and Expressionscompliance n.acting according to certain accepted standards,for example a l
35、aw,treaty,or agreement 遵从遵从 Inspectors were sent to visit nuclear sites and verify compliance with the treaty.监察员被派去参观核址并核实条约的遵守情况。监察员被派去参观核址并核实条约的遵守情况。Words and Expressionsentrench v.If something such as power,a custom,or an idea is entrenched,it is firmly established,so that it would be difficult
36、to change it.巩固巩固 These dictators have entrenched themselves politically and are difficult to move.这些独裁者在政治上已经站稳了脚跟，很难推翻这些独裁者在政治上已经站稳了脚跟，很难推翻他们。他们。Words and Expressionsget/gain the upper hand处于有利地位，占上风处于有利地位，占上风 The two sides were so well-matched that neither could gain the upper hand.双方旗鼓相当，胜负难分双方旗
37、鼓相当，胜负难分Words and Expressionsproactive adj.intended to cause changes,rather than just reacting to change.积极行动的积极行动的 In order to survive the competition a company should be proactive not reactive.为了能在竞争中立于不败之地，一个公司应积为了能在竞争中立于不败之地，一个公司应积极行动而非被动应变。极行动而非被动应变。Words and Expressionswrestle with全力对付，设法解决全力对
38、付，设法解决 I have been wrestling with the difficult examination paper the whole night.我一个晚上都在全神贯注地做这份难度极大的我一个晚上都在全神贯注地做这份难度极大的试卷。试卷。Words and Expressionscollaboration n.act of working jointly 合作合作 There is substantial collaboration with neighbouring departments.与相邻的一些部门有大量的合作。与相邻的一些部门有大量的合作。Words and Ex
39、pressionscontemporary adj.modern and relate to the present time.当代的当代的 He rubbished most of the novels written by contemporary writers.他把大多数当代作家写的小说贬得一无是处。他把大多数当代作家写的小说贬得一无是处。Words and Expressionsfaux pas n.a socially embarrassing action or mistake.(法语法语)失礼失礼 Many Westerners consider death a taboo s
40、ubject and considered a social faux pas when broached in conversation,especially when it refers to someone who has recently died.多数西方人把死亡看成一种禁忌，认为谈论死多数西方人把死亡看成一种禁忌，认为谈论死亡是失礼的表现，尤其当谈到最近死亡的事件亡是失礼的表现，尤其当谈到最近死亡的事件时这种想法更为强烈。时这种想法更为强烈。Words and Expressionslook to If you look to someone or something for a
41、particular thing that you want,you expect or hope that they will provide it.指望指望 He runs the team because he commands their respect.The kids really look to him.他管理这个团队，因为他博得了孩子们的尊敬。他管理这个团队，因为他博得了孩子们的尊敬。孩子们确实指望他。孩子们确实指望他。Notescorporate social responsibility：(CSR,also called corporate conscience,corpo
42、rate citizenship or responsible business)is a form of corporate self-regulation integrated into a business model.CSR policy functions as a self-regulatory mechanism whereby a business monitors and ensures its active compliance with the spirit of the law,ethical standards and national or internationa
43、l norms.企业社会责任企业社会责任NotesCCP：abbr.Chinese Communist Party 中国共产党中国共产党NotesSOE：abbr.state-owned enterprises国有企业国有企业NotesMNC：abbr.multinational corporation 跨国公司跨国公司,多国公司多国公司NotesUnited Nations Global Compact：A United Nations initiative to encourage businesses worldwide to adopt sustainable and socially
44、 responsible policies,and to report on their implementation.The UN Global Compact is a principle-based framework for businesses,stating ten principles in the areas of human rights,labour,the environment and anti-corruption.联合国全球联合国全球契约组织契约组织NotesNGO：an organization which is not run by the government
45、 非政府组织非政府组织NotesEdelman：An American public relations firm founded and named after Daniel Edelman and currently run by his son Richard Edelman.Founded as a team of three in the postwar boom,today the company has revenues of over$855 million annually,employs over 5,800 people with co-headquarters in N
46、ew York City and Chicago and is the worlds largest independently owned public relations firm.爱德曼国际公关公司爱德曼国际公关公司NotesMSL Group：A public relations(PR)network of companies.Specializing in strategic communications and engagement,the company is part of the French multinational Publicis Groupe.It evolved
47、as a merger of Publicis Consultants and Manning Selvage&Lee(thus,the“MSL”in the name).明明思力集团思力集团NotesGeneration Y:millennial generation,also commonly known as Gen-Y and includes births from 1982 to 2000.As the millennial generation grows in the workforce and baby boomers retire,managers and human re
48、sources professionals will need to develop new engagement models and take into account the generational differences between baby boomers and millennials.千禧一代千禧一代Questions for the Text1.According to the article,what is the fixed image that the West believes about China?When the West thinks about Chin
49、a,the first things that come to mind are negative fixed general image:an uncontrollable super-capitalist economy which destroys the environment,corruption,and product and food safety scandals.Questions for the Text2.In what way we can see that Chinese government is taking CSR very seriously?Chinese
50、government has introduced some regulations to promote CSR.The Central governments 2006 Harmonious Society policy officially put forward sustainability and CSR as the primary strategic goal of the CCP.The Chinese government has also strongly supported the absorption of CSR business models for its SOE
