1、Unit 3 Im more outgoing than my Unit 3 Im more outgoing than my sister.sister.Grammer FocusGrammer Focus大多数形容词和副词有比较级和最高级的变化,即原级、比较级和最高级,用来表示事物的等级差别。原级即形容词的原形,比较级和最高级有规则变化和不规则变化两种。1.单音节词词尾加-er,-est来构成比较级和最高级,如:tall(高的)-taller-tallest;great(巨大的)-greater-greatest 2.以不发音的e结尾的单音节词只加-r,-st,如:nice(好的)-nic
2、er-nicest;large(大的)-larger-largest;able(有能力的)-abler-ablest 3.以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节单音节词,双写结尾的辅音字母,再加-er,-est,如:big(大的)-bigger-biggest;hot(热的)-hotter-hottest;red(红色的)-redder-reddest4.以“辅音字母+y”结尾的双音节词,改y为i,再加-er,-est,如:easy(容易的)-easier-easiest;busy(忙的)-busier-busiest5.以“-ly”结尾的副词,除early-earlier-earliest,其他都是
3、加more,most,如:slowly-more slowly-most slowly;bravely-more bravely-most bravely;quickly-more quickly-most quickly6.少数以“-er”“-ow”结尾的双音节词末尾加-er,-est,如:clever(聪明的)-cleverer-cleverest;narrow(窄的)-narrower-narrowest7.其他双音节词和多音节词在前面加more,most来构成比较级和最高级,如:important(重要的)-more important-most important;easily(容易
4、地)-more easily-most easily8.一些词的比较级和最高级,可以加-er,-est;也可以加more,most如:clever-cleverer-cleverest;clever-more clever-most clever9.不规则变化,有一些词的比较级、最高级变化是不规则的,需要特殊记忆,如:good/well-better-best;bad/ill/badly-worse-worst;many/much-more-most;little-less-least;far(表示距离)-farther-farthest;far(表示程度)-further-furthest;
5、old-older/elder-oldest(表示新旧或年龄)/eldest(表示兄弟姐妹之间的长幼关系)10.一些词本身没有比较级和最高级形式,如:right,wrong,full,empty,round,complete,wooden,dead,daily等11.副词比较级和最高级的构成规则和形容词比较级和最高级的构成规则一样,所不同的是,形容词最高级前面必须用the,而副词的最高级前面的the可带可不带形容词比较级的用法1.两者比较时用形容词比较级,其结构为“比较级+than”,如:Actions speak louder than words.2.在两者之间选择“哪一个更”时,用句型“
6、Which/Who is+比较级,or?”,如:Which book is cheaper,the red one or the yellow one?形容词比较级的用法3.表示“两者之间最的一个”时,用“the+比较级”,如:Lucy is the taller of the twins.4.表示“越,越”时,用“the+比较级,the+比较级”,如:The more you eat,the fatter you will become.The more,the better.形容词比较级的用法5.表示“越来越”时,用“比较级+and+比较级”,多音节词和部分双音节词用“more and m
7、ore+形容词原级”,如:We should make our country more and more beautiful.Its getting worse and worse6.形容词比较级前可以用下列词修饰:much,a little,far,a bit,a few,a lot,even,still,rather等,如:Its much colder today than yesterday.形容词比较级的用法7.A+.倍+比较级+than B A是B的多少倍。如:our school is twice bigger than yours.我们的学校是你们的两倍大。This room
8、 is three times bigger than that one.这个房间是那个房间的三倍大。形容词比较级的用法8.比其他任何都.1.同一范围的比较同一范围的比较比较级+than any other+可数n 单数=比较级+than the other+可数n复数他比班里其他学生跳的都高。He jumps higher than any other student in his class.2.不同范围的比较不同范围的比较比较级+than any 可数n单数He jumps higher than any student in other class.形容词最高级的用法1.三者或三者以上
9、的人或物进行比较时,用形容词最高级形式,形容词最高级前通常需加定冠词the,句末常接in/of短语来表示范围,如:He is the strongest of all the boys.2.表示“最之一”时,用“one of+the+最高级”,如:The light bulb is one of the most helpful inventions.电灯泡形容词最高级的用法3.形容词最高级前可以由物主代词、指示代词、名词所有格等修饰,此时不用定冠词the,如:Yesterday is her happiest day in her life.修饰语2.最高级的修饰语,by far/far a
10、nd away(最,很);much(得多);almost(几乎);nearly(几乎),另外,second,third,next 等也要放在定冠词之后,如:This is the third largest building in this city.这是这个城市里第三大的建筑物。The Yellow River is the second longest river in China.黄河是中国第二长河。This is(by)far the best book that Ive ever read.这是我读过的最好的书。修饰语1.比较级的修饰语,much(得多),far(得多),even(甚
11、至,更),still(更),a bit(有点),a little(有点),a lot(很),a great deal(大大地),twice(两倍),five times(五倍),two-fifths(五分之二),a half(一半)等修饰比较级表示程度,但决不可用very修饰,如:Tom is a little taller than Mike.Tom比Mike稍高一点。It is even colder today than yesterday.今天甚至比昨天更冷。Practice1.(2021吉林)Is Larry as _as Oliver?No,he isnt.Larry is sho
12、rter.Ataller Btall Cthe tallest1.【答案】B【详解】句意:拉里和奥利弗一样高吗?不,他不是。拉里更矮一些。考查形容词原级。根据英语语法,as.as中间加形容词或副词的原级,意为“和一样”,故选B。2.(经典真题)Tom cannot run as_as his friends,so he practices running very hard.Afast Bfaster Cslow Dslower2.【答案】A【详解】句意:汤姆没有他的朋友跑得快,所以他非常努力地练习跑步。考查副词的原级比较。A.fast表示快;B.faster是fast的比较级,表示更快;C.
13、slow表示慢;D.slower是slow的比较级,表示更慢。题干中not asas是形容词/副词的原级,表示不如,则可先排除B、D选项,其次根据so he practicesrunning very hard可知汤姆非常努力地练习是因为他跑得没有他的朋友快,故答案选A。3.(2021广西贵港)Is your father strict with you?Yes.He takes my grades as_ as my teachers do.Aserious Bmore serious Cseriously Dmore seriously3.【答案】C【详解】句意:你父亲对你严格吗?是的。他
14、对待我的成绩和我的老师一样认真。考查副词原形。serious严肃的,形容词;seriously严肃地,副词。take.seriously认真对待,是固定搭配;as.as用于同级比较,中间用形容词或副词原形。故选C。4.(经典真题)What do you think of the environment in your hometown?Its_.Both the air and the water are badly polluted.Anot bad Bas good as before Cmuch better than before Dnot as good as before4.【答案
15、】D【详解】句意:你觉得你家乡的环境怎么样?不如以前好。空气和水都被严重污染了。A.not bad不错;B.as good as before和以前一样好;C.much better thanbefore比以前好多了;D.not as good as before不如以前好。通过“Both the air and thewater are badly polluted.空气和水都被严重污染了”,判断家乡的生活环境大不如以前,故答案为D。5.(2020山东济南)Dad,which is _,the sun or the moon?The sun,Tommy.The moon is much sm
16、aller.Abig Bbigger Cbiggest Dthe biggest5.【答案】B【详解】句意:爸爸,太阳和月亮,哪个更大?汤米,是太阳。月球要小得多。考查形容词比较级。根据选择疑问句中“the sun or the moon”可知是两者作比较,用形容词比较级bigger表示“更大的”。故选B。6.(2020四川攀枝花)Mary,do you prefer weekdays or weekends?Of course weekends.Because Im _on weekdays.Abusiest Bbusy Cthe busiest Dmuch busier6.【答案】D【详解
17、】句意:玛丽,你更喜欢工作日还是周末?当然是周末了。因为我在工作日要忙得多。考查形容词比较级。busiest最高级;busy原级;the busiest最高级;much busier比较级。根据语境,可知是工作日和周末两者相比,应该用比较级;又much可表程度修饰比较级,故选D。7.(2021辽宁鞍山)Do you want to buy the chair?No.I want to buy a bigger one because it may be much _.Aquicker Bmore comfortable Cmore comfortably Dmore quickly7.【答案】B【详解】句意:你想买这把椅子吗?不。我想买个大点的,因为它可能舒服得多。考查形容词比较级。quicker更快的;more comfortable更舒服的;more comfortably更舒服地;more quickly更快地。根据“I want to buy abigger one because it may be much”可知,此处修饰椅子,在句中作表语,“更舒服的”符合语境,故选B。Thank you!