1、Unit 13 单元复习Unit 13 Section A教材知识全解知识点1 cut down的用法及常见的 cut 短语知识点2 harmful的用法和搭配知识点3 afford的用法教材原文教材原文Well,to cut down air pollution,we should take the bus or subway instead of driving.哦,为减少空气污染,我们应该乘坐公共汽车或地铁,而不要开车。cut down是固定搭配,意为“减少;削减”。I help cut down air pollution by riding a bicycle to work.我通过
2、骑自行车去上班的方式帮助减少空气污染。1 1cut down的用法及常见的cut短语温馨提示温馨提示cut down还有“砍伐;砍倒”之意,通常和树木(tree)等搭配。We cut down trees to make furniture and paper.我们伐树制造家具和纸。1 1cut down的用法及常见的cut短语归纳拓展归纳拓展常见的“动词+down”结构的短语还有:1 1cut down的用法及常见的cut短语 To protect the environment,we shouldnt so many trees.Thats true.We should plant mor
3、e trees instead.A.write down B.cut down C.count down D.break down1 1cut down的用法及常见的cut短语例例1 1B本题考查“动词+down”的短语搭配。根据本题语境可知,为了保护环境,我们不应该“砍伐”这么多树木,cut down 符合题意。教材原文教材原文This is not only cruel,but also harmful to the environment.这不仅残忍,而且对环境有害。be harmful to是固定搭配,意为“对有害”,和be bad for、do harm to同义。该短语中的harm
4、ful是形容词,意为“有害的”。Smoking is harmful to your health.吸烟有害健康。2 2harmful的用法和搭配词汇联想词汇联想反义词:harmless adj.无害的 No cigarette is completely harmless.没有香烟是完全无害的。2 2harmful的用法和搭配用所给词的适当形式填空Teenagers must not be allowed to smoke.Its _ (harm)to their health.2 2harmful的用法和搭配例例2 2harmful教材原文教材原文Yes,we cant afford to
5、 wait any longer to take action!是的,我们不能再等了,必须采取行动了!afford是动词,意为“承担得起(后果)”。This matter was so important that we could not afford to ignore it.这个问题太重要了,我们疏忽不得。3 3afford的用法归纳拓展归纳拓展afford还有“买得起;负担得起”之意。Can we afford a new car?我们买得起一辆新车吗?(牛津高阶)3 3afford的用法根据句意和首字母提示写出所缺的单词Why dont you get her a digital c
6、amera?Thats too expensive.I cant _ it.3 3afford的用法afford例例3 3一、单项选择一、单项选择1.There are a lot of _ of bike riding.I agree.Its good for the environment and it saves money.A.instructions B.instrumentsC.advantages D.products2.My teacher has given me useful suggestions and I want to thank him from the _ of
7、 my heart.A.bottom B.condition C.way D.surfaceA C Exercises3.Why not ask Bob to join us in the trip to the zoo tomorrow?Everyone in our group loves animals,but he always seems_.A.anxious B.personal C.cruel D.careless4.A number of visitors _ visiting the West Lake and the number of the visitors _ inc
8、reasing.A.are;is B.is;are C.are;areC A 5.Dont play games on the computer all day.Its _ to your eyes.A.harmful B.thankful C.useful D.helpfulA 6.The documentary A Plastic Ocean is so impressive that I _ it several times so far.A.watchedB.watchC.have watchedD.will watchC 7.you pass me a pen?Id like to
9、write down the phone number.Sure.Here it is.A.Can B.Need C.Might D.Must8.You worry about me.Its nothing serious.A.cant B.mustnt C.neednt D.wontA C 9.May I go to the cinema,Mom?Certainly,but you be back by 11 oclock.A.can B.may C.must D.need10.Excuse me.Is this the right way to the Summer Palace?Sorr
10、y,Im not sure.But it be.A.might B.mustnt C.cant D.must11.The man in the office be Mr.Black,because he went home just now.A.mustnt B.may not C.cant D.needntC A C 12.Listen!Our science teacher _ the use of the robot.A.explains B.explainedC.is explaining D.has explainedC 13.Where is Mum?In the living r
11、oom.She _ a book at the moment.A.was reading B.will readC.is readingD.has readC 14.Our computer is working again!Yes.Our IT teacher _ it.It took him about an hour.A.has fixed B.will fixC.is fixing D.was fixing15.Must I wash my clothes at once,Mom?No,you _.You _ wash them before 5:00 p.m.A.neednt;may
12、B.mustnt;mayC.neednt;needD.mustnt;mustA A 16.What an amazing robot!It _ cook more than 5,000 dishes.A.shall B.needC.mustD.can17.Only ten tickets?What do you mean?There _ be twelve.Sorry,Linda.Jacky and Tim took two tickets away.A.should B.willC.canD.mayD A 18.“Im still working because Im still capab
13、le and hope to guide more young people,”said Wu Mengchao when he _.A.is interviewedB.is interviewingC.was interviewedD.was interviewing 19.I saw Julia in April and I _ her since then.A.dont seeB.didnt seeC.wont seeD.havent seenC D 20.Why do some whales have to _?Because humans catch whales for meat,
14、fat and oil.Some of them are _.A.protect;dangerousB.protect;endangeredC.be protected;dangerousD.be protected;endangeredD 1.If no one (litter),the park will be very clean.2.Shanxi Province produces the most (煤)in China.3.The man is carrying a small black (塑料的)bag.4.Some _(渔民)went to the beach to see
15、what happened.5.Although he looks (难看的),he has a kind heart.二、根据括号中所给汉语提示及单词的适当形式填空二、根据括号中所给汉语提示及单词的适当形式填空litterscoalplasticfishermenugly6.The girls _(dance)in the classroom now.7.Its 5 oclock now.Mike _(have)dinner.8._ you ever _(be)to the US?Yes,twice.9.I _(live)here since 1999.are dancing is havi
16、ng Have been have lived10.Do you often clean your classroom?Yes.Our classroom _(clean)every day.11.Did you go to Jacks birthday party?No,I _.(invite)12.A new highway in my hometown (build)next month.is cleaned wasnt invited will be built三、根据汉语提示完成句子三、根据汉语提示完成句子(每空一词每空一词)1.为了孩子们的发展，应该减少他们周末的学习课程。(cut
17、)For childrens development,their courses on weekends should _ _ _.2.我们的行动会产生很大的影响。Our action will _ _ _ _.3.他们打算骑自行车，而不是开车。Theyre going to ride a bike _ _ driving a car.4.每个人都应该在环保方面发挥作用。Everyone should_ _ _ _the environmental protection.make a big difference instead ofbe cut downplay a part in5.但是每
18、一次当你喝一碗鱼翅羹的时候，你意识到你杀了一整只鲨鱼吗?But do you _ that youre killing a whole shark _ you enjoy _ shark fin soup?6.这种方式不仅残忍，而且对环境有害。This is _,_ the environment.7.如果它们的数量下降得太多，将会给所有的海洋生物带来危险。If their numbers _ too _,it will _ all ocean life.realize each time a bowl of not only cruel but also harmful to drop lo
19、wbringdanger to8.很多人以为鲨鱼永远都不会濒临灭绝，因为他们是食物链的最强者。Many _ that sharks can_ because they are _ in their _.9.在过去的20年到30年，某些品种的鲨鱼数量下降了超过90%。_ some kinds of sharks _ over 90 _ in the last 20 to 30 years.never be endangered have fallen by believe the strongest food chain The numbers of percent10.到目前为止，没有任何科学
20、研究表明，鱼翅对健康有益，那么为什么还要吃它们呢?So far,no _ studies _ that shark fins_health,so why _ them?are good for have shown scientific eatUnit 13Section B教材知识全解易错易混全解核心素养全解知识点4 throw away的搭配单元语法全解教材原文教材原文Do you often throw away things you dont need anymore?你经常扔掉你不再需要的东西吗?throw away 是固定搭配,意为“扔掉;丢弃”。如果它的宾语是名词,该名词宾语可以
21、位于throw和away之间,也可以位于away之后;如果它的宾语是代词,该代词宾语只能位于throw和away之间。4 4throw away的搭配I shouldnt have thrown away the receipt.我不应该扔掉那张收据的。=I shouldnt have thrown the receipt away.These books are useless.Im going to throw them away.这些书都没有用了。我打算把它们扔了。4 4throw away的搭配根据汉语意思完成句子。每空一词 当一个瓶子空了时,它会被当作垃圾扔掉。When a bott
22、le is empty,it will be as waste.4 4throw away的搭配例例4 4thrown away1.现在进行时用来描述现在正在进行的动作或存在的状态。它的结构是“be+现在分词”。We are working on the science report now.现在我们正在写那个科学报告。一、现在进行时2.现在进行时是中考题中的常考点,解题时需要根据题干中的关键信息以及上下文语境来判断。now、at the moment 以及Look!或 Listen!是现在进行时的标志。有的题目没有这些明显的标志,但可以根据上下文语境来推断出时态是现在进行时。They are
23、 doing their homework at the moment.他们现在正在做他们的家庭作业。Look!Mary is playing the guitar over there.看!玛丽正在那边弹吉他。一、现在进行时Students in Class One for the singing competition at the moment.A.prepareB.are preparing C.prepared D.are going to prepare一、现在进行时例例1 1B根据题干中的at the moment可知,对应的时态是现在进行时,故答案为B。used to表示“过去
24、经常;过去常常”,后跟动词原形。He used to be quiet,but now he is very outgoing.他以前话不多,但现在他很外向。二、used to易错提醒易错提醒注意used to do sth.“过去经常做某事”和be/get used to doing sth.“习惯做某事”的区别。She has been used to living here.她已经习惯住在这里了。She used to live in a small town,but now she lives in a big city.她以前住在一个小镇上,但现在她住在大城市里。二、used toH
25、ow does Jack usually go to work?He drive a car,but now he there to lose weight.A.used to;used to walk B.was used to;is used to walking C.was used to;is used to walk D.used to;is used to walking 二、used to例例2 2D答语的含义是“他以前经常开车,但现在他习惯步行去那里来减肥”,根据used to do sth.和be used to doing sth.的搭配和含义可知答案为D。被动语态是由“b
26、e+及物动词的过去分词”构成的。人称、数和时态的变化都是通过be的变化表现出来的。常考的几种时态的被动语态的结构如下:三、被动语态一般现在时的被动语态 am/is/are+过去分词一般过去时的被动语态 was/were+过去分词一般将来时的被动语态 will be+过去分词am/is/are going to be+过去分词现在进行时的被动语态 am/is/are+being+过去分词现在完成时的被动语态 have/has+been+过去分词过去进行时的被动语态 was/were+being+过去分词She was asked to make a speech in public.她被要求当众
27、发表演讲。The jacket is made of cotton.这件夹克衫是用棉布做的。Thousands of trees have been planted.成千上万棵树已经被种了。三、被动语态Chinese tea to many countries around the world every year.A.sends B.sent C.is sent D.was sent三、被动语态例例3 3C主语是Chinese tea,它和send之间是被动关系,再根据 every year可知,要用一般现在时的被动语态,is sent符合题意。1.现在完成时表示过去发生的动作对现在产生的影
28、响或造成的结果。We have cleaned the classroom.Now it is very clean.我们打扫过教室了。现在它很干净。2.现在完成时可以用来表示发生在过去某一时刻且持续到现在的动作或状态,常与“for+时间段”或“since+时间点或一般过去时的从句”连用。Mary has been ill for three days.玛丽病了三天了。I have lived in Beijing since two years ago.我从两年前起就一直住在北京。四、现在完成时3.瞬间动词(buy、die、join、come、go、leave等)不能直接与表示一段时间的状语
29、连用,要变成表状态的词汇。如:buyhave;borrowkeep;come/arrive/reach/get tobe in;go outbe out;leavebe away;beginbe on;finishbe over;openbe open;closebe closed;diebe deadI have had this bike for three years.这辆自行车我买了三年了。四、现在完成时4.现在完成时通常和already,yet,just,so far,in the last/past few years,in the recent years等词或短语搭配。Ive
30、saved almost 100 so far.到目前为止,我存了差不多100英镑了。The company has grown rapidly in the recent years.最近几年这家公司发展迅速。四、现在完成时China great progress in both science and technology in the recent years.Quite right.It is becoming stronger and stronger.A.has madeB.madeC.makesD.will make 四、现在完成时例例4 4A根据in the recent ye
31、ars可知,对应的时态是现在完成时,has made符合题意。在初中阶段我们学到的情态动词有:五、情态动词can表“能力”或“许可”,可以用在否定句中表推测may表“许可”,语气较委婉,可以用在肯定句中表推测,肯定语气小于mustmust表示“必须”,语气较为强烈,可以用在肯定句中表推测,肯定的语气很强have to 强调受客观原因所迫而不得不做某事,主语是第三人称单数时,要用has to。have to变否定句或疑问句时要借助于助动词do、does或didcouldcould既是can的过去式,本身也是情态动词,用于征求对方意见时,语气较为委婉should意为“应该”,否定式是shouldn
32、t“不应该”need可以用作情态动词,也可以用作实义动词,作情态动词时,常用在否定句或疑问句中had better后跟动词原形。had better do sth.意为“最好做某事”,否定结构是had better not do sth.五、情态动词Is this book Amys?It be hers.Sandys name is on the cover.A.mustnt B.cant C.shouldnt D.neednt 五、情态动词例例5 5B问句的含义是“这本书是Amy的吗?”,根据答语中的“Sandy的名字在封面上”可推断,这本书“不可能”是Amy的,cant符合题意。inst
33、ead是副词,意为“相反”,常位于句首或句尾,表示前面的事情没做,而做了后面的事instead of是短语介词,意为“代替;而不是”,其后要接名词、代词或动名词instead,instead ofIt will take days to go there by car,so lets fly instead.开车去那里要好几天,所以咱们还是坐飞机去吧。You probably picked up my keys instead of yours.你可能没拿你的钥匙而错拿了我的。instead,instead of 根据汉语意思完成句子,每空一词他不仅没帮我,反而还取笑我。helping me,
34、he laughed at me.instead,instead of例例Instead of素养解读素养解读中国学生发展核心素养包括三方面的内容,分别是文化基础、自主发展和社会参与。本单元核心素养主要表现为责任担当。本单元的话题是“保护环境(Protecting the environment)”。环保问题是一个需要全社会都关注的热点话题。保护环境,人人有责。每个人都应该参与到保护环境的行动中。环保问题需要全民参与典例剖析典例剖析根据短文内容,用方框里所给单词的正确形式填空,使短文意思完整。每个空格只能填一个单词,每个单词只能用一次。Today,we still have some envi
35、ronmental problems.As middle school students,we should do something to improve more environmental 1 .环保问题需要全民参与takeconditiondoalthoughshould On the one hand,we ourselves 2 destroy the environment,such as throwing rubbish about.We can 3 part in some commonweal(公益)activities to plant more trees,for th
36、e trees are good for our environment.On the other hand,if someone does harm to the environment,like spitting on the ground or stepping on the grass,we can stop them from 4 so.If theres a factory which destroys the environment,we can tell the relative(相关)department or the police about it.环保问题需要全民参与Al
37、l in all,5 we are students,we can still do a lot to protect our environment,and we should take action from now on.环保问题需要全民参与1.2.3.4.5.conditionsshouldnttakedoingalthough素养方向 本文呼吁中学生要有环保意识,应该努力做一些力所能及的事情来保护环境。它指向中国学生发展核心素养中的责任担当。1.作为中学生,我们应该做一些事情来改善更多环境方面的“状况”,表示“状况”要用condition;再根据设空前的more可知,要填的是cond
38、ition的复数形式。2.我们“不应该”破坏环境,shouldnt符合题意。环保问题需要全民参与3.我们可以“参加”一些公益活动来种更多的树,take part in是固定搭配,意为“参加”,take符合题意。4.根据空前提到的“在地上吐痰或踩踏草地”可推断,我们可以阻止他们做那样的事,根据stop sb.from doing sth.的搭配可知,所缺的词是doing。5.“尽管”我们是学生,我们仍然可以做许多事情来保护环境,although符合题意。环保问题需要全民参与1.Your new watch is so nice!When did you buy it?In October.I _
39、 it for two months.A.had B.bought C.have had D.have bought2.Yueda Group has found a way to _ the waste and doesnt put it into the river any more.A.produce B.recycle C.require D.protect一、单项选择一、单项选择C B Exercises3.Look at the old buildings which are being _.More tall buildings will be built in this are
40、a.A.got off B.turned off C.sold out D.pulled down4.Dont _ the waste paper.We can collect and recycle it.You are right.Everyone should be a greener person.A.blow away B.put away C.throw awayD C二、用括号中所给单词的正确形式填写句子二、用括号中所给单词的正确形式填写句子1.Nothing is a waste if you have a _(create)mind.2.You have probably n
41、ever heard of Amy Hayes,but she is a most _(usual)woman.3.Amy _(recent)won a prize from the Help Save Our Planet Society.The president said,“Amy is an _(inspire)to us all.”4.Amy isnt the only one who is good at _(recycle).creative unusual recently inspiration recycling5.Her bags are cute and _(use).
42、6.Wang Tao hopes to set up a“metal art”theme park to show people the _(important)of environmental _(protect).7.Not only can the art bring _(happy)to others,but it also shows that even cold,hard iron can be brought back to life with a little _(create).useful importanceprotection creativity happiness1
43、.你经常扔掉你不再需要的东西吗？Do you often throw away things _ anymore?2.她在英国所住的房子是她自己用废弃物建造的。She lives in a house in the UK _ herself _ rubbish.3.埃米并不是唯一一个擅长回收利用的人。Amy isnt the only one _ recycling.you dont need that she built out of who is good at三、根据汉语提示完成句子三、根据汉语提示完成句子4.来自香港的杰西卡王用人们不再穿的旧衣服制作包。Jessica Wong from Hong Kong uses old clothes _ _ anymore to make bags.5.有一些（艺术品）很大，看起来像动物或者人，有一些较小的作品可以摆放在家里。Some are large pieces _ animals or humans,and some are smaller pieces _ at home.people dont wear that look like you can putthat
