1、Discovering useful structuresThe Predicative ClausesUnit 1 Science and Scientists谢引表语从句的定义表语从句的定义在主从复合句充当表语的从句在主从复合句充当表语的从句叫叫表语从句表语从句谢引表语从句的判断表语从句的判断1.What I want to say is that I am tired2.She doesnt know whether she likes him or not.3.He was sent to the hospital.Thats b b e e c c a a u u s s e e h
2、 h e e w w a a s s iillll.4.It sounds as if somebody was knocking at the door.5.The reason why he was late was that he missed thetrain this morning.谢引系动词后系动词后的成分为表语。系动词后系动词后的从句为表语从句系动词主要是be动词（am,is,are,was,were)，意为“是”。其它系动词：1)持续系动词（表示主语持续或保持一种状况或态度）：keep,remain,stay,stand2)“像”系动词（表示看起来像）：seem,appear
3、,look3)感官系动词：look,feel,smell,sound,taste4)变化系动词（主语变成什么样）：become,grow,turn,fall,get,go5)终止系动词（主语已终止动作）：prove,turn out表语从句的判表语从句的判断断谢引引导词引导词用法用法从属连词从属连词thatthat无成分，无意义无成分，无意义WhetherWhether无成分，意为无成分，意为“是否是否”连接代词连接代词what,what,which,which,who,who,whom,whom,whose,whose,wh+everwh+ever在从句中充当主语，宾在从句中充当主语，宾语，
4、语，表语表语，定语，定语连接副词连接副词how,how,when,when,where,where,why why however,however,whenever,whenever,whereverwherever在从句中充当状语在从句中充当状语其它连接词其它连接词because,because,as ifas if ,as,as thoughthough因为，好像，似乎因为，好像，似乎表语从句的引导表语从句的引导词词谢引1.This isI want.I hate reading2.My English is limited.This isEnglish books.3.The villa
5、ge isI used to spend my holiday.I really love the way he behaves.5.The trouble iswe are short of funds.6.My problem iscoat is suitable for me.I want7.I d like to start my own businessthatsto do if I had the money.will support me.w_h_a_twh_e_r_ew_h_y4.It is _b_e_c_a_u_s_eth_at _wh_ic_hw_ha_t8.What I
6、want to know is _w h_o即学即练即学即练谢引表语从句的语法规则表语从句的语法规则The question is how can I make you understand the knowledge.The question is how I can make you understand the knowledge.Rule 1:表语从句和宾语从句、主语从句一样，表语从句和宾语从句、主语从句一样，要用陈述语序：主语要用陈述语序：主语+谓语。谓语。谢引The question is if it is worthwhile to do it.The question is w
7、hether it is worthwhile to do it.Rule 2:表语从句的引导词没有表语从句的引导词没有if!只用只用whether,不用不用if 的情况的情况:Whether to do Whetheror not 介词后的宾语从句介词后的宾语从句 从句：句首的主语从句；表语从句；同位语从从句：句首的主语从句；表语从句；同位语从句句表语从句的语法规则表语从句的语法规则谢引My proposal is that we(should)start early tomorrow.I propose that we(should)start early tomorrow.It is p
8、roposed that we(should)start early tomorrow.Rule 3:表语从句的虚拟语气表语从句的虚拟语气在表示在表示“建议，劝说，命令建议，劝说，命令”的名词的名词idea,advice,suggestion,request,proposal 等后面的表语从句中，等后面的表语从句中，谓语动词用谓语动词用“should+动词原形动词原形”，should可省略可省略表语从句的语法规则表语从句的语法规则谢引Iy proposal is that we(should)start early tomorrow.propose that we(should)start e
9、arly tomorrow.t is proposed that we(should)start early tomorrow.Rule 3:表语从句的虚拟语气表语从句的虚拟语气在表示在表示“建议，劝说，命令建议，劝说，命令”的名词的名词idea,advice,suggestion,request,proposal 等后面的表语从句中，等后面的表语从句中，谓语动词用谓语动词用“should+动词原形动词原形”，should可省略可省略表语从句的语法规则表语从句的语法规则M advice,suggestion,proposal,recommendation,I demand,order,inst
10、ruction,request,requirement,insistence decision,idea,plan,wish,desire,谢引Dark clouds are gathering.It looks as if its going to rain.It seemed as if the night would never end.Rule 3:as if/as though 引导的表语从句常跟在引导的表语从句常跟在look,seem,sound,feel等后面等后面语气：语气：若表示真实情况：用陈述语气若表示真实情况：用陈述语气若表示非真实情况：用虚拟语气若表示非真实情况：用虚拟
11、语气表语从句的语法规则表语从句的语法规则谢引The little boy talks as if he knew everything in the world.He felt as if he had met this young lady for a long somewhere.Rule 3:as if/as though 引导的表语从句的虚拟语引导的表语从句的虚拟语气气：若跟现在事实不符：过去式若跟现在事实不符：过去式（be动词动词用用were）若跟过去事实不符若跟过去事实不符：had done若跟将来事实不符：若跟将来事实不符：would/could+动词原形动词原形表语从句的语法规
12、则表语从句的语法规则谢引once.2.When a pencil is partly in a glass of water,it looks as if it(be)broken.(get)more people to attend(be)a grown-up.(be)ten years younger.1.My suggestion is that we _s_h_o_u_l_d g_o_ (go)to hospital at_we_r_e3.My idea is that we _s_h_o_u_l_d_g_e_tthe conference.4.The little girl talk
13、ed as if she _h_a d_b_e_e_n5.She looks as if she _w_e_r_e即学即练即学即练谢引I couldnt tell you the truth.It is because I have to keepmy promise.I am late this morning.That is because I left my bag on the subway.Your speech is excellent.This is because you preparedit a lot.Rule 4:because引导表语从句通常只用于引导表语从句通常只用于
14、 “This/That/It is because”结构中。结构中。表语从句的语法规则表语从句的语法规则谢引he couldntbus.表语从句的语法规则表语从句的语法规则She was late this morning.That was _b_e_c_a_u_s_e_ shemissed the early bus.He didnt found the key.That was _w h_yopen the door.The reason _w h_yhe was late was _t_h_a_t_ he missed the谢引he wasfired.he is careless an
15、dhe was1.He is careless and irresponsible.That was _w h_y2.He was fired.That was _b_e_c_a_u_s_eirresponsible.3.The reason _w_h yhe was fired was t_h_a_t careless and irresponsible.即学即练即学即练谢引P5 2.Answer the following questions using the information from the reading passage as well as the predicative
16、clauses.EXAMPLEWhat Was it that John Snow showed to the world?What John Snow showed to the world was how cholera could be overcome.1.What was Snows discovery in two particularstreets in London?Snows discovery in two particular streets in Londonwas thatm_o_r_e t_h_a_n_50_0_p_e_o_p_l_e_die_d in t_e_n_
17、da_y_s_._谢引2.What was Snow determined to find out during the 1854where4.What was the finding that Snow announced?outbreak of cholera in London?What Snow was determined to find out was why_t_he c_h_o_l e_r a o_u_t b_r_e_a k w_a_s_s_o_s_e_v_e_r e in t h_e_t_w_o_p_a_r_t i_c_u_l a_r_s_t r_e_e_t s_._3.Wh
18、at were the exact places(Snow marked on the map?)The exact places Snow marked on the map werea_l_l_t h o_s_e_w h_o_d_i_e_d_h_a_d l i_v_e_dw_a_t_e_r_c_a_r_r_i e_dSnows finding was that_t_h_e p_u_m_pcholera germs.谢引P5 3.David is talking to Maria about their scientific research project.First complete D
19、avids lines(A-E,using the words in the box.Then put Davids lines in the correct order and practice the conversation.谢引A:Absolutely!You may not believe it,but that was happened at the initial stage of our groups research on developing a vaccine for malaria.B:Yes,it is.And it seemed all the theories w
20、ere useful,butthe fact was we couldnt persuade one another that one theory was better than another.C:Exactly The problem was not about all our theories wereequally good,but in deciding.theory to depend upon.D:We realised that what we cared about was not aspect we needed to develop a theory in,but ra
21、ther we can reduce the cost of a vaccine without reducing its effect!E:Youre right.At last,we became focused on the key issue,which was we had to Cary out the research in the first place.as if that what who when How why whose which whether谢引_Maria:This mix of theory and data is one of the keycharacteristics of what we call science.David:A Maria:With your theoretical framework?David:Maria:Deciding on a theory is definitely of critical importance.David:Maria This was when you should have calmed down and gotdown to doing some sold work.David:Maria:So what happened in the end?David:
