1、THE ATTRIBUTIVE CLAUSE1.定语 The attributeeg.Bob is a bad apple.The students in the reading-room are our classmates.2.定语从句定语从句 The attributive clause修饰主语、宾语、表语的句子修饰主语、宾语、表语的句子就叫做定语句。就叫做定语句。引导定语从句的关联词有：引导定语从句的关联词有：关系代词：who,whom whose,which that 关系副词：when,where3.定语从句的位置定语从句的位置定语从句一定放在被修定语从句一定放在被修饰成分之后。饰
2、成分之后。eg.This is the car which he bought last year.先行词先行词定语从句定语从句定语从句限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句4.定语从句可分为：1)限制性定语从句限制性定语从句限制性定语从句与它的限制性定语从句与它的先行词之间在语义上有先行词之间在语义上有着不可分割的联系，如着不可分割的联系，如果去掉定语从句就会使果去掉定语从句就会使主句意思不明确。主句意思不明确。eg.The boy who is playing on the grass is her brother.eg.A dictionary is a book which gives the
3、 meaning of words.2)非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句与主句的非限制性定语从句与主句的关系不是很密切关系不是很密切,它仅对先行它仅对先行词作一些附加说明，如果去词作一些附加说明，如果去掉，并不影响先行词所指的掉，并不影响先行词所指的意义意义,主句的意思仍然清楚。主句的意思仍然清楚。eg.Marrys brother,who is an engineer,works in my factory.eg.They will fly to Kungming,where they plan to stay for two days.5.在限制性定语从句中在限制性定语从句
4、中 关系代词的用法：关系代词的用法：1)who 指人，在从句指人，在从句 中作主语。中作主语。eg.He is not the man who visited our school yesterday.The man was Marrys brother.He called this morning.The man who called this morning was Marrys brother.Do you know the man?He spoke just now.Do you know the man who spoke just now?2)whom指人，在从句中作宾指人，在从句
5、中作宾语，可省略。语，可省略。eg.Do you know the man (whom)we saw at the Beijing Hotel?We talked about the persons.We visited them last year.We talked about the persons(whom)we visited last year.The girl is from America.I called her just now.The girl I called just now is from America.3)which 指物，在句中指物，在句中 作主语或宾语，作宾
6、作主语或宾语，作宾 语时可以省略。语时可以省略。eg.Im not interested in the book which has just been published.eg.I dont want to read the letter(which)she has written.I have read the newspaper.It carries the important news.I have read the newspaper which carries the important news.I showed him the letter.I received it this
7、 morning I showed him the letter (which)I received this morning.4）that指人或物，指人或物，在从在从 句中做主语或宾语句中做主语或宾语,作宾语时可以省略。作宾语时可以省略。eg.The house that Im going to buy faces south.eg.A plane is a machine that can fly.Theyre talking about the film.I have seen the film.Theyre talking about the film(that)Ive seen.Ja
8、ne has borrowed the book.It was written by Laoshe.Jane has borrowed the book that was written by Laoshe.*先行词前有下列词语修饰时，定语从句必须用 that 引导。all,any,little,few,much,no,only,very,the+序数词,the+形容词最高级eg.This is the cleanest park that you can imagine.eg.This is the only book that has been written in French.*先行词
9、是下列词时，限制性定语从句必须用 that 引导。all,any,little,much,anything,nothing,everythingeg.All that can be done has been done.*当先行词由人和物两部分组成时，限制性定语从句必须用 that 引导。eg.He talked about the things and persons that he had visited in the city.*在 who 或 which 引导的特殊疑问句中，限制性定语从句必须用 that 引导。eg.Who is the man that is standing ov
10、er there.*先行词在从句中作表语时，限制性定语从句通常用 that 引导。（常可省略）eg,.She is no longer the girl that she was before she went to the country.5)whose 指人或物，在 从句中作定语。eg.Thats the man whose house was burned down.eg.I saw some old buildings whose windows were all broken.The girl got first.Her father had given us a report.Th
11、e girl whose father had given us a report got first.That is the new machine.The parts of it are too small to see.Thats the machine whose parts are too small to see.6.在非限制性定语从句在非限制性定语从句 中关系代词的用法：中关系代词的用法：在非限制性定语从句中，通在非限制性定语从句中，通常用常用who,whom,whose 指人，指人，用用 which 指物。指物。eg.Then he met Mary,who invited h
12、im to a party.eg.Here is John Smith,who(m)I talked about the other day.eg.Last year she bought this car,which cost her$10,000.eg.Last year she bought this house,for which she paid her life savings.eg.I congratulated Mr Jones,whose son had won the high jump.在非限制性定语从句中，关系代词作宾语通常不能省略。*eg.My sister,whom
13、 you spoke to at the meeting,wants to study history.*which 在非限制性定语从句在非限制性定语从句中，还可指其前面整个主句，中，还可指其前面整个主句，即以整个主句作先行词。即以整个主句作先行词。eg.They said they were French,which was not true.7.介词介词+关系代词引导的关系代词引导的 定语从句定语从句先行词在从句中做介词宾语，介先行词在从句中做介词宾语，介词有两种位置一是紧跟在先行词词有两种位置一是紧跟在先行词后；二是位于句尾或动词后。后；二是位于句尾或动词后。Prep.+whomwhic
14、heg.The people with whom we are staying are very friendly to us.eg.The people we are staying with are very friendly to us.This is the house.A famous writer once lived in it.This is the house in which a famous writer once lived.I will never forget the day.I joined the League on the day.I will never f
15、orget the day on which I joined the League.The lady lost her purse.Mr Smith is talking to her.The lady to whom Mr Smith is talking lost her purse.The lady(that)Mr Smith is talking to lost her purse.*如果介词与其前面的动词如果介词与其前面的动词是固定搭配的动词短语，介是固定搭配的动词短语，介词不可前置。词不可前置。Bob found the dictionary.I had been looking
16、 for it.Bob found the dictionary(that)I had been looking for.1)when 指时间，在从指时间，在从 句中作状语。句中作状语。eg.Do you remember the day when we went to Xian together.8.关系副词的用法：关系副词的用法：I was born in the year.The Second World War broke out in the year.I was born in the year when the Second World War broke out.=I was
17、born in the year in which the Second World War broke out.2)where指地点，在句 中作状语。eg.I have been to the place where Jane was born.The house is going to be rebuilt.We put our tools in it.The house where we put our tools is going to be rebuilt.=The house in which we put our tools is going to be rebuilt.=The
18、 house(that)we put our tools in is going to be rebuilt.9.as 引导的定语从句：引导的定语从句：As 引导的定语从句，引导的定语从句，通常与通常与such,the same 连用。连用。eg.This is such an insect as we have seldom seen.eg.I have the same trouble as you(have).*as 引导非限制性定语从句，代引导非限制性定语从句，代表整个主句，它引导的从句不仅表整个主句，它引导的从句不仅可以置于主句之后，也可置于主可以置于主句之后，也可置于主句之前或主句之中。句之前或主句之中。eg.As the teacher told us,the earth goes round the sun.eg.He didnt come to the party,as we expected.
