1、M6U2 Grammar 非谓语动词非谓语动词 Overview:infinitive,verb-ing&verb-ed 非谓语动词过去分词过去分词:v-ed不定式不定式:(to)dov-ing 形式形式动名词动名词现在分词现在分词Review the general function of non-finite verbs(Tickor)非谓语动词非谓语动词 成分成分主主语语谓谓语语宾宾语语表表语语定定语语补补语语状状语语(to)do(不定式不定式)v-ing(动名词动名词)v-ing(现在分词现在分词)v-ed(过去分词过去分词)非谓语动词的常见变形非谓语动词的常见变形1.不定式不定式 t
2、o do 一般式一般式 to be done 一般式的被动语态一般式的被动语态 to have done 完成式完成式 to have been done 完成式的被动语态完成式的被动语态 for/of sb.to do sth 不定式复合结构不定式复合结构2.动名词动名词 doing 一般式一般式 being done 被动被动 sbs doing 动名词复合结构动名词复合结构 3.分词分词 doing 主动主动/正在进行正在进行 being done 正在进行的动作的被动正在进行的动作的被动 having done 该动作早于谓语动词的动作该动作早于谓语动词的动作 having been
3、done 完成式的被动语态完成式的被动语态 done 被动被动/已完成已完成 sb./sth.doing 独立主格结构独立主格结构 sb./sth.done 独立主格结构独立主格结构 4.所有非谓语动词的否定是，都是将所有非谓语动词的否定是，都是将 not前置前置5.非非谓语动词的前后结构要对称。谓语动词的前后结构要对称。(一一).不定式和动名词作主语不定式和动名词作主语I.不定式作主语时不定式作主语时,可以用可以用it作形式主语作形式主语.1.It is important _ Tom to get that job.2.It is kind _ you to help me with my
4、 English.forof总结总结:It is+adj.+for/of sb to do sth的结构中的结构中,若此形容词是说明的是不定式的性质时若此形容词是说明的是不定式的性质时,则用则用_;若说明的是人若说明的是人(sb.)的特性的特性,则用则用_.1.It is nice_ you to help me with my English.2.It is necessary _you to improve your spoken English.offorforofII.动名词作主语还有以下两个习惯表达法动名词作主语还有以下两个习惯表达法 1.It is no use(good)+动名词
5、动名词 做某事没用做某事没用(不好不好)E.g:*Its no use crying over spilt milk._。*在公共场合随地吐痰在公共场合随地吐痰(spit)不好。不好。_.*未来的事无法知道。未来的事无法知道。_.2.There is no+doing(动名词动名词)(=It is impossible to do sth.)覆水难收覆水难收Its no good spitting in publicThere is no knowing what may happen总结总结:不定式和动名词作主语的区别不定式和动名词作主语的区别to do作主语时常表示某一次具体的动作作主语时
6、常表示某一次具体的动作,具有偶然性具有偶然性;doing(动名词动名词)表示习惯性的动作表示习惯性的动作,往往表往往表 抽象概念。抽象概念。注意注意:该规则同样适用于作宾语该规则同样适用于作宾语,表语表语.比如比如:like to do/like doing Practice-What do you think made Mary so upset?-_ her new bike.A.As she lost B.Lost C.Losing D.Because of losingC(二二)不定式不定式/动名词动名词/分词作定语分词作定语 1.She has no pencil _.A.to wr
7、ite with B.to write about C.to write D.write in 2.She said she had a important meeting _.A.to attend in B.to attend C.attend D.attendingAB 若作定语的动词不定式是若作定语的动词不定式是vi,后后 必须要有介词必须要有介词。I.不定式作定语不定式作定语3.She will tell us why she feels so strongly that each of us has a role _ in making the earth a better pla
8、ce to live.A.to have played B.to play C.to be played D.to be playingB不定式不定式做做定语定语时时:(1).to do 表示事情由句子主语自己做表示事情由句子主语自己做;(2).to be done 表示事情由别人做表示事情由别人做;4.Im thirsty.Would you please give me something _.A.drunk B.to drink C.to be drunk D.for drinking 5.He is always the first _ questions.A.to answer B.
9、answering C.to be answered D.being answeredBA不定式不定式常作常作不定代词不定代词和和序数词序数词的的 后置定语后置定语不定式作定语总结：不定式作定语总结：1.若作定语的动词不定式是若作定语的动词不定式是vi,后必须后必须 要有介词要有介词;2.(1).to do 表示事情由句子主语自己做表示事情由句子主语自己做;(2).to be done 表示事情由别人做表示事情由别人做;3.不定式不定式常作常作不定代词不定代词和和序数词序数词的的 后置定语。后置定语。III.现在分词和过去分词作定语现在分词和过去分词作定语飘雪飘雪_ 令人激动的消息令人激动的消
10、息 落叶落叶_激动地读者激动地读者 The underground system _ _(build)now in the city will be open next year.总结总结:v-ing现在分词作定语现在分词作定语:_ _ v-ed过去分词作定语过去分词作定语:_ _ falling snowfallen leavesbeing built表示表示“主动，正在进行主动，正在进行/令人感觉怎么样令人感觉怎么样”表示表示“被动，已完成被动，已完成/人自身感觉怎么样人自身感觉怎么样”exciting newsexcited readers(三三)补足语补足语:主语补足语主语补足语&宾语
11、补足语宾语补足语 The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street,but his mother told him _.A.not to B.not to do C.not do it D.do not toAI.常可以跟常可以跟to do 做宾补或主补的动词有做宾补或主补的动词有1.allow sb.to do sth.ask/advise/encourage/expect/force/would like/love/hate/order/teach/tell/want/warnwish/forbid/get等。等。2.使役使役/感官动词的被动
12、语态常作主补感官动词的被动语态常作主补 have/make/see sb.do sth.(宾补宾补)sb.be made to do sth.(主补主补)II.只能跟只能跟do(不含不含to的不定式的不定式)作宾补的动词作宾补的动词1.感官动词感官动词(记忆口诀记忆口诀)一感一感:feel 二听二听:hear,listen to(全过程全过程)三让三让:let,make,have 四看四看:see,watch,notice,observe(全过程全过程)2.使役动词使役动词have/make/let(等等)sb.do sth.III.分词作宾补分词作宾补1.have/make/let/get/
13、see/hear(等等)sth.+v-ed/v-ing 2.with sth.(n.)+v-ing/v-ed/3.leave sb.+v-ing/v-ed/(四四)状语状语(1).John raised his voice _.A.to make himself heard B.making himself heard C.to make himself hear D.making himself hear(2).Mr.Smith arrived home _.A.to find his purse steal B.to find his purse stolen C.find his pur
14、se stolen D.finding his purse steal(3).He hurried to the station only _(find)the train left.BA(表目的表目的)(表结果表结果)to find(表意料之外结果表意料之外结果)We run every day to keep healthy.In order to/To keep healthy,we run every day.=in order to/so as to keep healthy.So as to keep healthy,we run every day.()1.To protect
15、the Great Wall from being damaged,we should take action.()2.To protect the Great Wall from being damaged,action should be taken.TFNOTE:when to do is used to express purpose,its logical subject is that of the sentence.*现在分词作状语时现在分词作状语时,其其逻辑主语逻辑主语必须必须与句子与句子 的主语相同的主语相同;如果不相同如果不相同,分词前必须加上分词前必须加上 自己的主语自己
16、的主语,这种结构被称为独立主格结构。这种结构被称为独立主格结构。E.g:The moon appearing,we began to set off.If time permits,I will stay for another week.=_,I will stay for another week.Time permitting=The parents were _ angry _ they punished the boy.mixeddoubleThe parents were so angry as to punish the boy.Sothat1.*to do can be use
17、d to express purpose,(=in order to do,so as to do)2.*to do can be used in the drills(enough to;so/such as to;tooto)to express result,and only to do refers to unexpected result.1.I was really sorry/sad/angry to hear about the tragedy.2.I was also disappointed/surprised to see so many people were cold
18、-hearted.3.*to do is usually used after the words“happy,sorry,glad,sad,surprised,disappointed”to express reason.Step 2、Verb-ing&verb-ed1.Mary got off the bus,but left her handbag on her seat.2.Mary got off the bus,leaving her handbag on her seat.1.*一个句子当中，已经存在一个一个句子当中，已经存在一个主句（谓语动词）主句（谓语动词）,又没有连词又没有
19、连词 and,but,so 的情况下的情况下,可用可用doing 或或 done做状语做状语.1._ill,so he didnt go to school today.2._ill,he didnt go to school today.A.Being B.He was B_A2*：active voice(doing)or passive voice(done).1._from the top of the hill,our town is very beautiful.2_from the top of the hill,I find our town very beautiful.(s
20、ee)SeeingSeen1._in the book,he didnt notice the sound.2._himself in the book,he didnt notice the sound.(bury)BuriedBuryingAfter he graduated from Harvard,Obama worked as a lawyer,lecturer and then took up politics.Having graduated from Harvard,Obama worked as a lawyer,lecturer and then took up polit
21、ics.Because he was trapped in traffic for hours,he was late for work._in traffic for hours,he was late for work.Having been trapped3*“having done,having been done”are used when they happen before the predicate verbs.1).Not knowing his address,we cant get in touch with him.4.The negative word“not”alw
22、ays appear before doing or done.2)_(not treat)in time,the disease may cause death.Not treated1.While reading the novel,he nodded from time to time.2.Once seen,it will never be forgotten.3.Though feeling tired,he keeps on running.5.*We can use doing or done after conjunctions（when,while,once,if,unles
23、s,though,although）.True or false1.Being an orphan,the nurse treated the boy kindly.FT7：独立结构独立结构:逻辑主语逻辑主语+doing/done ,1.Being an orphan,the boy was treated kindly.2.Because the boy was an orphan,the nurse treated him kindly.2.The boy being an orphan,the nurse treated him kindly.3.Everything prepared,
24、we began to carry out the project.6：the agreement of the subject.1.If time permits,I will call on you.2.After my homework was finished,I could go to play outside.Time permitting,I will call on you.Paraphrase these sentences:My homework finished,I could go to play outside.8 .set phrases:1.generally/p
25、ersonally/strictly speaking;2.judging from/by;3.considering;=taking into consideration/account;4.providing/provided/suppose/supposing(that)假设假设;pared to/with;6.seeing that;given,(鉴于，由于鉴于，由于)；7.to be frank,to tell you the truth,to make matters worse._(一般说来一般说来),boys are more interested in such activi
26、ties than girls.Generally speaking _her accent(从口音判断从口音判断),She must be from Henan.Judging from/by _we lose(假定我们输了假定我们输了),what shall we do next?Supposing/suppose/Provided/providing(that)_(说老实话说老实话),I am not in favor of the plan.To tell you the truth _(坦白地说坦白地说),we dont trust him.To be frank9.doing or
27、 done can be used to refer to reason or cause/time/condition/manner/result.1.Being a student,I must work hard。=Because I am a student,.2.Walking in the countryside,I can see a variety of wild flowers.=When I walk in the countryside,.3.Working hard,you will succeed one day.=If you work hard,Write a s
28、hort composition about Write a short composition about Liu Xiang,trying to use Liu Xiang,trying to use to do,verb-ing to do,verb-ing or or verb-ed verb-ed as as adverbialsadverbials.a well-known athlete;mens 110-metre hurdle race;break the Olympic record;seriously injured;encouraged by have received
29、 good treatment;took part in the Asian Games won the gold medalhighly thought of by people姓名姓名刘翔刘翔身份身份刘翔是中国著名的运动员刘翔是中国著名的运动员;出生出生1983年年7月月13日出生于上海的一个家庭日出生于上海的一个家庭;(V-ed);个人主要个人主要经历及成经历及成就就1.在在2004年的雅典奥运会上赢得了男子年的雅典奥运会上赢得了男子110米栏米栏(the mens 110 meters hurdles)，打破了奥运记录，打破了奥运记录(V-ing);2.2008年，由于严重受伤，他离开
30、了北京奥运会的鸟巢年，由于严重受伤，他离开了北京奥运会的鸟巢(V-ed);3.两年后，受到最好治疗后，刘翔回来了，两年后，受到最好治疗后，刘翔回来了，4.在他教练孙海平的鼓励下在他教练孙海平的鼓励下,在在2010年广州亚运会上赢得年广州亚运会上赢得 了三连冠。了三连冠。(V-ing and V-ed)。成功的原成功的原因因为了实现梦想，他努力为了实现梦想，他努力拼搏、有着坚定的信念拼搏、有着坚定的信念；(to do)你个人的你个人的看法看法 Liu Xiang,born on July 13,1983 in Shanghai,is a well-known athlete in China.A
31、t the 2004 Athens Olympic Games,he won the Mens 110-metre hurdle race,breaking the Olympic record.In 2008,badly injured,he left the Birds Nest stadium.Two years later,having received the best treatment,Liu came back.Encouraged by his coach Sun Haiping,he succeeded,winning Asian Games for three times.It is not easy to make it.To realize his dream,he works very hard with a firm faith and great determination,Liu Xiang,who is thought highly of by people,set a good example for us to follow.
