欢迎来到163文库! | 帮助中心 精品课件PPT、教案、教学设计、试题试卷、教学素材分享与下载!
163文库
全部分类
  • 办公、行业>
  • 幼教>
  • 小学>
  • 初中>
  • 高中>
  • 中职>
  • 大学>
  • 各类题库>
  • ImageVerifierCode 换一换
    首页 163文库 > 资源分类 > PPT文档下载
    分享到微信 分享到微博 分享到QQ空间

    《经济学专业英语教程(精编版)( 第二版 )》课件Unit 13.ppt

    • 文档编号:4354664       资源大小:2.61MB        全文页数:25页
    • 资源格式: PPT        下载积分:25文币     交易提醒:下载本文档,25文币将自动转入上传用户(momomo)的账号。
    微信登录下载
    快捷注册下载 游客一键下载
    账号登录下载
    二维码
    微信扫一扫登录
    下载资源需要25文币
    邮箱/手机:
    温馨提示:
    快捷下载时,用户名和密码都是您填写的邮箱或者手机号,方便查询和重复下载(系统自动生成)。
    如填写123,账号就是123,密码也是123。
    支付方式: 支付宝    微信支付   
    验证码:   换一换

    优惠套餐(点此详情)
     
    账号:
    密码:
    验证码:   换一换
      忘记密码?
        
    友情提示
    2、试题类文档,标题没说有答案的,则无答案。带答案试题资料的主观题可能无答案。PPT文档的音视频可能无法播放。请谨慎下单,否则不予退换。
    3、PDF文件下载后,可能会被浏览器默认打开,此种情况可以点击浏览器菜单,保存网页到桌面,就可以正常下载了。
    4、本站资源下载后的文档和图纸-无水印,预览文档经过压缩,下载后原文更清晰。
    5、本站不支持迅雷下载,请使用电脑自带的IE浏览器,或者搜狗浏览器、谷歌浏览器下载即可。。

    《经济学专业英语教程(精编版)( 第二版 )》课件Unit 13.ppt

    1、Unit 13 Text:WTO(世界贸易组织)1.Key words2.Objectives and functions of the WTO3.Institutional structures of the WTO4.Basic principles of the WTO5.QuestionsThe General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade de facto Uruguay Round intellectual property rights sustainable development Doha Development Agendadispute s

    2、ettlement processMinisterial ConferenceGeneral CouncilDispute Settlement BodyTrade Policy Review Bodymarket accesssafeguardrules of originleast-developed countriesSecretariatDirector-GeneralAppellate Bodymost-favored-nationnational treatmentplurilateral agreement2.1 Objectives2.2 Functions(1)Raising

    3、 standards of living;(2)Ensuring full employment and a large and steadily growing volume of real income and effective demand;(3)Expanding the production of and trade in goods and services;(4)Allowing for the optimal use of the worlds resources in accordance with the objective of sustainable developm

    4、ent;(5)Seeking both to protect and preserve the environment and to enhance the means for doing so in a manner consistent with their respective needs and concerns at different levels of economic development;(6)Ensuring that developing countries,and especially the least developed among them,secure a s

    5、hare in the growth in international trade commensurate with the needs of their economic development.2.2.1 WTO is a negotiating forum2.2.2 WTO is a set of rules2.2.3 WTO helps to settle disputesEssentially,the WTO is a place where member governments go,to try to sort out the trade problems they face

    6、with each other.The WTO is currently the host to new negotiations,under the“Doha Development Agenda”launched in 2001.Where countries have faced trade barriers and wanted them lowered,the negotiations have helped to liberalize trade.But the WTO is not just about liberalizing trade,and in some circums

    7、tances its rules support maintaining trade barriersfor example to protect consumers or prevent the spread of disease.At its heart are the WTO agreements,negotiated and signed by the bulk of the worlds trading nations.These documents provide the legal ground-rules for international commerce.They are

    8、essentially contracts,binding governments to keep their trade policies within agreed limits.Although negotiated and signed by governments,the goal is to help producers of goods and services,exporters,and importers conduct their business,while allowing governments to meet social and environmental obj

    9、ectives.Trade relations often involve conflicting interests.Agreements,including those painstakingly negotiated in the WTO system,often need interpreting.The most harmonious way to settle these differences is through some neutral procedure based on an agreed legal foundation.That is the purpose behi

    10、nd the dispute settlement process written into the WTO agreements.3.1 Ministerial Conference3.2 General Council3.3 Councils and Specific Committees3.4 SecretariatThe Ministerial Conference is the topmost decision-making body of the WTO,which has to meet at least every two years.It brings together al

    11、l members of the WTO,all of which are countries or customs unions.The Ministerial Conference can take decisions on all matters under any of the multilateral trade agreements.The General Council meets regularly to carry out the functions of the WTO.It has representatives(usually ambassadors or equiva

    12、lent)from all member governments.The General Council has the authority to act on behalf of the ministerial conference in the intervals between meetings of the Ministerial Conference,in addition to carrying out the specific tasks assigned to it by the WTO Agreement.It should report to the Ministerial

    13、 Conference.Meanwhile,the General Council meets as the Dispute Settlement Body(DSB)and the Trade Policy Review Body(TPRB)to oversee procedures for settling disputes between members and to analyze members trade policies.3.3.1 Three councils3.3.2 Goods Council3.3.3 Services Council3.3.4 Six other bodi

    14、es under the General CouncilCouncil for Trade in Goods(Goods Council)Council for Trade in Services(Services Council)Council for Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights(TRIPS Council)The Goods Council has 11 committees dealing with specific subjects(market access,agriculture,sanitary an

    15、d phytosanitary measures,technical barriers to trade,subsidies and countervailing measures,anti-dumping practices,customs valuation,rules of origin,import licensing,trade-related investment measures,and safeguards).The Services Councils subsidiary bodies deal with financial services,domestic regulat

    16、ions,General Agreement on Trade in Services(GATS)rules and specific commitments.The scope of their coverage is smaller,so they are“committees.”These specific committees cover issues such as trade and environment,trade and development,least-developed countries,regional trade agreements,balance of pay

    17、ments restrictions,and budget,finance and administration.The WTO Secretariat,with offices only in Geneva,has 625 regular staff and is headed by a Director-General.Since decisions are taken by Members only,the Secretariat has no decision-making powers.Its main duties are to supply technical and profe

    18、ssional support for the various councils and committees,to provide technical assistance for developing countries,to monitor and analyze developments in world trade,to provide information to the public and the media and to organize the ministerial conferences.The Secretariat also provides some forms

    19、of legal assistance in the dispute settlement process and advises governments wishing to become Members of the WTO.4.1 Trade without discrimination4.2 Freer trade:gradually,through negotiation4.3 Predictability:through binding and transparency4.4 Promoting fair competition4.5 Encouraging development

    20、 and economic reform(1)Most-favored-nation(MFN):treating other people equally.Under the WTO agreements,countries cannot normally discriminate between their trading partners.Grant someone a special favor(such as a lower customs duty rate for one of their products)and you have to do the same for all o

    21、ther WTO members.(2)National treatment:Treating foreigners and locals equally.Imported and locally-produced goods should be treated equallyat least after the foreign goods have entered the market.The same should apply to foreign and domestic services,and to foreign and local trademarks,copyrights an

    22、d patents.Lowering trade barriers is one of the most obvious means of encouraging trade.The barriers concerned include customs duties(or tariffs)and measures such as import bans or quotas that restrict quantities selectively.From time to time other issues such as red tape and exchange rate policies

    23、have also been discussed.Sometimes,promising not to raise a trade barrier can be as important as lowering one,because the promise gives businesses a clearer view of their future opportunities.In the WTO,when countries agree to open their markets for goods or services,they“bind”their commitments.For

    24、goods,these bindings amount to ceilings on customs tariff rates.The system tries to improve predictability and stability in other ways as well.One way is to discourage the use of quotas and other measures used to set limits on quantities of imports.Another is to make countries trade rules as clear a

    25、nd public(“transparent”)as possible.The system does allow tariffs and,in limited circumstances,other forms of protection.More accurately,it is a system of rules dedicated to open,fair and undistorted competition.The rules on non-discriminationMFN and national treatmentare designed to secure fair con

    26、ditions of trade.Many of the other WTO agreements aim to support fair competition:in agriculture,intellectual property,services,for example.The agreement on government procurement(a“plurilateral”agreement because it is signed by only a few WTO members)extends competition rules to purchases by thousa

    27、nds of government entities in many countries.The WTO system contributes to development.On the other hand,developing countries need flexibility in the time they take to implement the systems agreements.And the agreements themselves inherit the earlier provisions of GATT that allow for special assista

    28、nce and trade concessions for developing countries.(1)What are the objectives of the WTO?(2)What are the functions of the WTO?(3)To what extent is the WTO a negotiating forum?(4)Discuss the basic principles of the WTO,and what are their implications for the international trade?(5)Explain the most-favored-nation treatment and the national treatment,give an example for each.


    注意事项

    本文(《经济学专业英语教程(精编版)( 第二版 )》课件Unit 13.ppt)为本站会员(momomo)主动上传,其收益全归该用户,163文库仅提供信息存储空间,仅对用户上传内容的表现方式做保护处理,对上传内容本身不做任何修改或编辑。 若此文所含内容侵犯了您的版权或隐私,请立即通知163文库(点击联系客服),我们立即给予删除!




    Copyright@ 2017-2037 Www.163WenKu.Com  网站版权所有  |  资源地图   
    IPC备案号:蜀ICP备2021032737号  | 川公网安备 51099002000191号


    侵权投诉QQ:3464097650  资料上传QQ:3464097650
       


    【声明】本站为“文档C2C交易模式”,即用户上传的文档直接卖给(下载)用户,本站只是网络空间服务平台,本站所有原创文档下载所得归上传人所有,如您发现上传作品侵犯了您的版权,请立刻联系我们并提供证据,我们将在3个工作日内予以改正。

    163文库