1、23*教学目标教学目标 Teaching aims:1能够辨认文中有关天文学的重点词汇和术语，如system,theory,atmosphere,fundamental,in time,give birth to,in ones turn,preventfrom等；2理解文章结构和内容，理清地球上生命的起源和生物进化的过程。3运用top-down的阅读方法，先整体把握文章，再细化寻找信息；使用不同的阅读技巧，如predicting、skimming、scanning等获取相关信息，概括理解段落大意，完成流程图；4通过小组讨论，讨论生命进化的过程和保护环境的措施，锻炼思维能力和口头表达能力。本单
2、元的中心话题是“天文学”，内容涉及太阳系、地球生命的起源、宇宙大爆炸、月球探秘、黑洞效应等。这些话题较抽象、较难理解，因此，如何通过第一课时的设计，把抽象的内容形象化，基本扫清学生阅读和表达等障碍，显得尤为重要。Reading部分主要是通过对宇宙大爆炸理论进行科学性分析，推断出地球上生命的起源以及生物进化的过程。学生能够结合已有知识和生活常识来理解相关问题，并针对文章中的一些发人深省的探讨性问题展开讨论，如：The earth may become too hot to live on,so what will our future be?通过这些讨论，学生能更好地了解我们生活的地球环境，同时
3、也能激起了解和探究科学的兴趣与热情。ET外星人01A_ is a _ of science which studies the whole universe,_ the stars,planets,the moon and etc.branchincludingstronomy1.How many planets circle around the sun in the solar system now?A.9 B.10 C.8A.A.地球地球 _B.B.木星木星 _C.C.火星火星 _D.D.水星水星 _EarthJupiterMarsMercuryNeptuneE.E.海王星海王星 _F.
4、F.土星土星 _G.G.天王星天王星 _H.H.金星金星 _SaturnUranusVenusThe Solar System123456781.Mercury2.VenusEarth3.4.Mars5.Jupiter6.Saturn7.8.UranusNeptune4.Which planet was removed from the solar system on Aug 24th,2006?A.Venus B.Jupiter C.Pluto3.Where did the life on the earth begin?A.In fire B.In water C.In space2.Wh
5、ich planet is the largest one in the solar system?A.Earth B.Jupiter C.MarsHow did the earth and life come into existence?Different _ have different ideas about it.There exist so many planets in the universe,among is the most important.the earthwhichreligions culturescome into being the developmentPa
6、ra 1A widely accepted theory about the formation of _ Para 2 The formation of _Para 3 The importance of _ for lifePara 4The development of _ _ on the earth Para 5The appearance of _ and their effects on the earth the universe the earth waterplants and animals humans an explosion that _ matter in all
7、 directions threw-The universe began with a _,Big Bangatoms stars other bodiesa cloud of dust Big Banga solid globesettle into atmosphere cooldown water explode(Three verbs&noun phrases)Water made it possible for _ to _.Where there is water,there is life.Water is f_ to the development of life.Water
8、dissolved harmful gases and acids into the _ and _.life develop undamentaloceans seas First,_ Next,_Later,_After that,_Finally,_small plants,shellfish,fishgreen plants,land animals-insects,amphibiansreptileshuge animals-dinosaurs;mammalssmall clever animals The Big Bangwatersmall plantsinsects and a
9、mphibiansreptiles on landmammals advanced mammalsdinosaursQuestion:Are human beings taking good care of it?_ heat from escaping from the earth into space.too much _ into the atmosphere,whichgreenhouse_global _carbon dioxide prevents effect warmingThe last sentence of the passage:Any solutions to the
10、 problem?too hot to live on“Whether life will continue on the earth for millions of years to come will depend on whether this problem can be solved.”solar energyplant treesrecycle rubbishsave waterpurify airWhether life will continue on the earth depends on human beings.Only if we care can we help!O
11、nly if we help will all be saved!Thank You!Unit4Unit4 words and expressionswords and expressions1.学生能够了解本单元单词的基本用法。2.学生能够辨析易混淆词的用法，并能熟练运用。3.学生能够掌握重点难点次的拓展及其用法。4.学生能够用所学单词翻译或造出句子，提升自己 的句子表达和写作水平。本节课为unit4 的单词和短语教学，单词本来是零散的，易混的，但是本节课运用了从点到线，从线到面的词汇教学方法，使重点难点单词成了容易掌握的单词块，单词串，从而实现了知识即词汇的重新组合，这一点也符合新的英语教
12、学大纲的要求。首先，用听本单元的单词录音进行导入，让学生从整体上感知下单词。然后，对重点单词进行讲解，既有对单词用法的拓展，又有对短语释义的延伸。讲解和巩固练习结合，让学生加深理解词汇用法并当堂掌握。而且，练习形式多样化，有翻译，有填空，有选择，从各个角度来对词汇关进行突破。除此之外，加入的图片更是恰到好处，和例句相结合，加深了学生对词汇的印象和理解。words and expressionsListen to the words and expressions of unit4,and pay more attention to their pronunciation.1.violent a
13、dj.猛烈的；激烈的猛烈的；激烈的；adv.猛烈地；激烈地；猛烈地；激烈地；n.猛烈；激烈；暴力；猛烈；激烈；暴力；violentlya violent attack violent dislikeviolent painviolence汉译英汉译英猛烈的进攻猛烈的进攻极其极其的的厌恶厌恶极度极度痛苦痛苦 船在海上强烈的风暴中沉没。船在海上强烈的风暴中沉没。The boat sank in a _ at sea.violentstorm1)Fred and Jim did not like each other at first,but in time they became friends.
14、2)We were just in time for the bus.3)You will realize how your parents love you in time.及时及时;最终最终;总有一天总有一天;及时最终总有一天at timeson time at one timeall the timeonce upon a time一直一直按时按时;准时准时有时有时;不时不时曾经，一度曾经，一度从前从前2.in time（1）大气层大气层地球的大气层包括水蒸气、二氧化碳、氧气、氮气和其他气体。The earths atmosphere includes 、and other gases.
15、（2）气氛气氛Completely lost in the exciting of the football match,Tom didnt feel his pocket picked.A scene B view C atmosphere D sightwater vapournitrogencarbon dioxideoxygen3.atmosphere n.4.harm n.&v.损害;伤害 be harmful to do harm to adj.有害的 adj.无害的harmfulharmless对有害 吸烟对身体有害。吸烟对身体有害。Smoking _ your health.i
16、s harmful to5.multiply(数目上数目上)增加，增多；乘；（使）繁殖增加，增多；乘；（使）繁殖 1)Our problems have multiplied since last year.2)2 and 5 multiply to make 10.4)The plants here multiply rapidly.3)6 multiplied by 5 is 30.=Multiply 6 by 5 to make 30.lielielay动词动词过去式过去式过去分词过去分词现在分词现在分词意义意义搁,放,下蛋laylainlying躺，位于liedliedlying撒谎l
17、aidlaidlaying6.lay 1)The naughty boy _ to me that the hen that _ there just now had_ two eggs the day before.A.laid;laid;laid B.laid;lay;lainC.lied;laid;lain D.lied;lay;laid2)2)翻译翻译:他把他的书放在桌子上。他把他的书放在桌子上。He laid his book on the desk.existence e into existenceexist on 靠靠为生为生exist in 存在于存在于之中之中1)Does
18、life _(存在)on Mars?2)When did the world _(产生)?3)He doesnt believe in the _ of God?A.life B.exist C.existence D.exhibition4)I can hardly exist _ the wage Im getting.Theres no more money left for luxuries.A.by B.in C.on D.intoexistcome into existence7.exist vi.这只狗已经生了个5只小狗狗。The dog _ five baby dogs.8.g
19、ive birth to 生(孩子);产生 has given birth to9.in ones turn 轮到某人轮到某人,接着接着 Its ones turn to do sth(轮到轮到)该某人做该某人做.in turn 依次依次,反之反之,反过来反过来 by turns 轮流轮流;交替地交替地10.prevent from 阻止阻止做某做某事事 stop sb./sth.(from)doing keep sb./sth.from doing Lynns parents tried to _ her _ him.林恩的父母企图阻止她和他见面。You wont _ the things
20、_ happening.你不能阻止事情发生。stopseeingkeep/preventfrom 11.puzzle n.谜，谜题谜，谜题 vt.&vi (使使)迷惑，迷惑，(使使)为难为难 adj.令人迷惑的 adj.感到迷惑的 n.迷惑，为难 puzzlingpuzzledpuzzlementbe puzzled at/by对感到迷惑我我对这道题感到迷惑。对这道题感到迷惑。I _ the question.was puzzled by12.pull n.&vt.拉；拖；牵引力拉；拖；牵引力 ant.推 从拉出来 pushpull out of他们把车子从泥浆中拉出来。他们把车子从泥浆中拉出
21、来。They _ the mud.pulled the car out of13.cheer up:欢呼，喝彩，感到欢呼，喝彩，感到高兴高兴当看到球队的到来，人群欢呼起来。当看到球队的到来，人群欢呼起来。_ when they saw the team arrive.他带她去听音乐会来使她高兴。他带她去听音乐会来使她高兴。He took her _ to _.The crowd cheered upto the concertcheer her up14.break out (战争战争,争吵争吵,疾病等疾病等)爆发爆发它与它与happen,take place,come out等词的用法一样，
22、等词的用法一样，是不及物动词，不能带宾语，不能用于被动是不及物动词，不能带宾语，不能用于被动语态语态！happen：break out：take place：强调偶然性的发生指战争,灾难,疾病的发生强调必然性或者按事先的安排或计划发生 happen break out take place1.The Olympics _ every four years.2.How did the accident _?3.Word War _ in 1914.take placehappenbroke outbreak down 打破打破;毁掉毁掉;破除破除;坍塌坍塌;坏掉坏掉break in 破门而入破门
23、而入;打断打断break away from 脱离政党脱离政党;打破陈规打破陈规 break through 突围突围;突破突破break up 打碎打碎;拆散拆散;分裂分裂;分解分解break ones word/promise 食言食言;说话不算数说话不算数Noun clauses as Noun clauses as the subjectthe subjectUnit 4 GrammarUnit 4 Grammar231、帮助学生了解、熟悉并初步掌握名词性从句主语从句的用法。2、使学生能够找出主语从句，并动手解决主语从句的相关练习。3、学会用主语从句简单会话表达。本课首先开始于简单句子
24、到复合句子中对主语的认识，从学生熟悉的名词、人称代词充当主语，一步一步由浅入深过渡到句子作主语。旨在给学生有个初步认识，为下面的环节打基础。通过小组竞赛，在已学的reading中快速找出主语从句，旨在加深学生对主语从句的认识程度，竞赛有利于培养学生的合作能力，使语法课生动活跃起来。通过不同的语法练习的呈现、讲练结合看图根据对话写出主语从句及各种语法任务设置，使学生掌握主语从句的相关知识。尤其是try your luck部分更能调动学生学语法知识的气氛，提高学生解决语法知识的能力，熟悉主语从句。preparation What part does the underlined part serv
25、e as in each sentence?A tree has fallen across the road.You are a student.To find your way can be a problem.Smoking is bad for you.What she said is not yet known.That we shall be late is certain.It is certain that we shall be late.主语主语名词充名词充当主语当主语人称代词人称代词充当主语充当主语不定式充不定式充当主语当主语动名词充动名词充当主语当主语句子充句子充当主语
26、当主语句子充句子充当主语当主语it充当形充当形式主语式主语Lets see which group can find the sentences like the following examples in Reading on Page25-26 more quickly.Attention please:1.Four or six people in a group.2.Try to find as many sentences like the following examples as possible!3.If your group finish the task,please pu
27、t up your hand and one member should tell us all the sentences your group have found.Examples:(sentences served as subject)What she said is not yet known.That we shall be late is certain.It is certain that we shall be late.1.What it was to become was uncertain until between 4.5 and 3.8 billion years
28、 ago when the dust settled into a solid globe.地球会变成什么样子，直到45亿至38亿年前这个云团变成固体的球状物，才确定下来。2.The earth became so violent that it was not clear whether the shape would last or not.地球变得激烈动荡，不知道这个固体形状 是否会继续存在下去。3.What is even more important is that as the earth cooled down,water began to appear on its surfa
29、ce.更重要的是，随着地球的冷却，地球的表面就开始出现了水。4.It was not immediately obvious that water was to be fundamental to the development of life.水对于生命的发展会起关键作用，这一点在当时并不明显。Sentences in Reading P25-26Read&translate所有划线的句子都充当所有划线的句子都充当_.那么那么什么是什么是主语主语从句从句呢？呢？主语主语 主语从句主语从句 (Subject Clause)如果一个句子在复合句中充当一个主语如果一个句子在复合句中充当一个主语,那
30、么这个句子就是那么这个句子就是主语从句主语从句。That he finished writing the composition in such a short time surprised us all.What we need are good doctors.Whom we must study for is a question of great importance.What is subject clause?主语从句三要素主语从句三要素 he became a great scientist is known to us all.Is what you told me reall
31、y true?谓语动词用单数谓语动词用单数从句用陈述语序从句用陈述语序不能省略关联词不能省略关联词Notice:What we need most are books.How_has not been found.Student A:where was Thomas Edison born?Students B:I dont know.I cant find the answer in the passage.Where he was born _is still unknown.Student A:who will win the English speech contest?Student
32、s B:I dont know.It is hard to say.Who will win the match _will be welcome.Student A:Tom,tomorrow is your birthday.Who do you invite?Students B:I will welcome everyone who comes to my party.Whoever comes 在主语从句中在主语从句中,谓语一般用单数。谓语一般用单数。无论他说什么都不重要。无论他说什么都不重要。Whatever he says is of no importance.无论谁说这话都不对
33、。无论谁说这话都不对。Whoever says that is wrong但谓语动词用单数还是复数但谓语动词用单数还是复数,不可不可一概而论一概而论,而要视句子的意义而定。而要视句子的意义而定。What I need is money.What I need are books.what 与与that 在引导主语从句时的区别在引导主语从句时的区别what 引导主语从句时在句时在从句中充当引导主语从句时在句时在从句中充当句子成分句子成分,如主语、宾语、表语如主语、宾语、表语,而而that 则不然。则不然。1)What you said yesterday is right.2)That she
34、is still alive is a consolation.为了防止句子头重脚轻，通常把形式主语为了防止句子头重脚轻，通常把形式主语it 放在主语位置，真正主语后置。放在主语位置，真正主语后置。1.It is certain that he will win the match.That he will win the match is certain.2.It is true that he has made a very important discovery in chemistry.That he has made a very important discovery in che
35、mistry is true.3.It is very likely that they will hold a meeting.That they will hold a meeting is very likely.1.以以that 引出的主语从句引出的主语从句,常以形式主语常以形式主语it引导引导,结构为结构为:It is+形容词形容词/名词名词/某些动词某些动词ed+that 从句。从句。(1)It is+形容词形容词/名词名词+that 从句，如：从句，如：It is a pity/shame that 遗憾的是遗憾的是 It is possible that 很可能很可能 It i
36、s unlike that 不可能不可能 (2)It+不及物动词不及物动词+that 从句，如：从句，如：It seems/appears that.似乎似乎 It happened that 碰巧碰巧(3)It +be+过去分词过去分词+that 从句从句It is said that 据说据说 It is known to all that 众所周知众所周知It is reported that 据报道据报道It is believed that 人们相信人们相信It is suggested that 有人建议有人建议It must be pointed out that 必须指出必须指
37、出Choose the pictures and finish the exercise with your group!1._ watch was lost is unknown.2._ you did is right.3._ we will go for an outing tomorrow remains unknown.4._ we need is time.5._ will be our monitor hasnt been decided yet.whether what who whose whateverUse the words below to fill in the b
38、lanks.WhetherWhatWhateverWhoseWhoback【常见错误展示常见错误展示】下列各句均有一处下列各句均有一处错误，请改正并分析错误的原因。错误，请改正并分析错误的原因。1.Light travels faster than sound is common knowledge.2.If shes coming or not doesnt matter much.Thatthat虽无词义但引导主语从句位于虽无词义但引导主语从句位于句首时不能省略。句首时不能省略。Whetherif,whether都可表示都可表示“是否是否”,但但if不能引导位于主不能引导位于主句之前的主语
39、从句，它可以引导位于主句之后带有句之前的主语从句，它可以引导位于主句之后带有形式主语形式主语it的主语从句。的主语从句。backYou are lucky today!You dont need to do exercises!back3.That the professor said is of great importance.4.Where will the trees be planted has not been decided.Whatthat引导主语从句时无词义。引导主语从句时无词义。What the professor said表示表示“教授所说的教授所说的”。将将will置于
40、置于trees之后。主语从句要之后。主语从句要用陈述句语序。用陈述句语序。back【常见错误展示常见错误展示】下列各句均有一处错下列各句均有一处错误，请改正并分析错误的原因。误，请改正并分析错误的原因。5.No matter who breaks the rule will be punished.6.When the meeting will be held still remain a question.引导让步状语从句时二者可互换，但引引导让步状语从句时二者可互换，但引导名词性从句时只能用导名词性从句时只能用whoever。Whoever 主语从句表示单一概念时，谓语要用主语从句表示单一
41、概念时，谓语要用单数形式。单数形式。remainsback【常见错误展示常见错误展示】下列各句均有一处下列各句均有一处错误，请改正并分析错误的原因。错误，请改正并分析错误的原因。7.It was requested that everyone made a speech at the meeting.在在“It is requested/ordered/suggested+that从句从句”中，从句要用虚拟语气，中，从句要用虚拟语气，即谓语用即谓语用“should+动词原形动词原形”，should可省略。可省略。(should)makeback【常见错误展示常见错误展示】下列各句均有一处错误，
42、请改下列各句均有一处错误，请改正并分析错误的原因。正并分析错误的原因。Finish ex.2 in Discovering useful structures.Group workDiscovering useful structures1.His discovery has not yet been proved.What _.2.Do the other astronomers accept his ideas?It remains a question.Whether _.3.The first appearance of life on earth is still a mystery
43、 to scientists.How _.has not yet been proved is his discovery other astronomers accepts his ideas remains a questionlife first appeared on earth is still a mystery to scientistsEx.24.Why is the earth becoming warmer?It is an important topic for research.Why _.5.Stephen Hawking at 65 experienced zero
44、 gravity during a flight.It amazed everybody.It amazed everybody _.6.Pluto is no longer considered a planet in our solar system.What a surprise!It is a surprise _.that Stephen Hawking at 65 experienced zero gravity during a flight.that Pluto is no longer considered a planet in our solar system the e
45、arth is becoming warmer is an important topic for research1.主语从句位于句首时必须由连接词主语从句位于句首时必须由连接词 引导。引导。2.主语从句后置时引导词主语从句后置时引导词that可省略。可省略。3.主语从句位于句首时主语从句位于句首时,不能用不能用if 引导。引导。4.主语从句后置时主语从句后置时,可以用可以用if引导。引导。1)Finish ex.2&3 in your workbook;2)Write down 5 subject clauses in your exercise book.Unit4 Using Lang
46、uage1.让学生能读懂文章的大意及细节，并能捕捉到题中的相关的细节在文中的位置。2.帮学生梳理文中的重点语言点的用法，并引导他们去运用，并进行相关的拓展。本节课是unit4 Astronomy:the science of the stars 的第二篇小课文，设计的意图主要是让引导学生对本文中的细节问题进行准确处理，除此之外，对文中的重点考点及其延伸做必要恰当的处理，做到拓展有度，拓展有据，也就是根据考纲进行补充，使这节课的英语教学不局限于课本，但又不超越大纲。首先，用和the moon 相关的图片导入，引发并激起学生的兴趣，从而自然的过度到让学生描述 the three ways in w
47、hich gravity changed for LiYanping。其次，让学生listen to the text,然后填好表格，从而达到了听读结合的目的。总之，任务型阅读法教学帮学生更深层次的理解了课文。本文的语言点教学部分，有 解释，有拓展，讲练结合，实现了重点语言点的突破。spacewalkLook at the pictures!Write down the three ways in which gravity changed for Li Yanping.Reading I-scanning&skimming(2m)The way gravity changedLeft the
48、 earthIn spaceOn the moon3.It became very light.1.The gravity became very strong.2.The gravity disappeared.His weights changed three times too.Now listen to the passage and write them down.using language readingThe weight changedLeft the earthIn spaceOn the moonHe became very heavy.He had no weight
49、and could float around like a feather.He was about one-sixth of his weight on the earth.Language points in this passage1.Last month I was lucky enough to have a chance to make a trip into space with my friend Li Yanping,an astronomer.上个月我有幸得到一个机会同我的朋友，一位宇航员李上个月我有幸得到一个机会同我的朋友，一位宇航员李彦平一道去太空旅行。彦平一道去太空旅
50、行。enough的用法:1）形容词作定语：enough用在名词前、后都可以。I have enough time to do the work./I have time enough to do the work.我有足够的时间做此项工作。2）用作副词修饰形容词或副词表示程度）用作副词修饰形容词或副词表示程度:enough一般放在一般放在形容词或副词的后边。形容词或副词的后边。long enough,fast enough,quickly enough等。等。但一般不说：但一般不说：enough long,enough fast,enough quickly.The boy is old en
