1、医学英语视听说(第二版)Unit Five Blood,Lymph and Immune SystemMedical English Communication:Listening and Speaking(2nd edition)1ContentsPart I Introduction to the Immune SystemPart II Diseases Related to the Immune SystemPart III Celebrity and DiseasePart IV Medical Terminology Related to Blood,Lymph and the I
2、mmune System2Part V Further ThinkingPart IVideo:Introduction to the Immune System3Think and TalkThe main kinds of lymphocytes that attack foreign cells invading human body are B lymphocytes and T lymphocytes.B lymphocytes and T lymphocytes have different functions.B cells search out their targets an
3、d produce antibodies,while T cells,like the soldiers,destroy the invaders that the B cells have identified.So,based on different tasks,T cells actually can be divided into two types:helper T cells and killer T cells.Reference4Think and TalkHelper T cells,with no cytotoxic activity regulate both the
4、innate and adaptive immune responses,and help determine which immune responses the body makes to a particular pathogen.They just control the immune response by directing other cells to accomplish these tasks,but killer T cells destroy cells that are infected with viruses,or are otherwise damaged.Ref
5、erence5Task One:Blank Filling(1)leukocytes(2)phagocytes(3)macrophages(4)dendritic cells(5)orchestratingWatch and Do(6)Infected(7)unique antigens(8)special proteins(9)cycle through(10)neutralized6Task Two:Error Correction1.The immune system relies on millions of defensive white blood cells,also known
6、 as leukocytes that originate in our bone marrow.2.Antigens on the surface of pathogens and other foreign substances,betray the presence of invaders.3.Leukocytes can be classified into two main cellular groups,which coordinate a two-pronged attack:phagocytes and lymphocytes.Watch and Do7Task Two:Err
7、or Correction4.High temperatures and swelling are actually processes designed to help the immune response.A warmer body makes it harder for bacteria and viruses to produce and spread,because they are temperature-sensitive.5.The actual job of the immune response is to stop a threat from escalating to
8、 dangerous levels inside your body.And through constant surveillance over time,the immune system provides another benefit:it helps us develop long term immunity.Watch and Do8 Task Three:Description The immune system,humans defense system,is a“team effort,”involving many different players.These playe
9、rs can be divided into two groups:those that are members of the innate immune system team and those that are part of the adaptive immune system.Importantly,these two groups work together to provide a powerful defense against invaders.Special cells,proteins,tissues,and organs work together to protect
10、 the body through the immune response.Watch and Do9 Task Three:Description The white blood cells or leukocytes include two basic types:phagocytes and lymphocytes,which combine to recognize and destroy disease-causing organisms or substances.In most cases,the immune system can defend humans body syst
11、em,keep people healthy and prevent infections,but sometimes problems with the immune system can lead to illness and infection.Watch and Do10Part II Diseases Related to the Immune System11Part IIDiseases Related to the Urinary SystemVideo OneHow to Prevent LeukemiaVideo TwoTransmission and Prevention
12、 of HIVAudioAnemia12Video One How to Prevent Leukemia13Think and TalkLeukemia is a type of cancer found in your blood and bone marrow and is caused by the rapid production of abnormal white blood cells.These abnormal white blood cells are not able to fight infection and impair the ability of the bon
13、e marrow to produce red blood cells and platelets.Leukemia can be either acute or chronic.Chronic leukemia progresses more slowly than acute leukemia,which requires immediate treatment.Leukemia is also classified as lymphocytic or myelogenous.Lymphocytic leukemia refers to abnormal cell growth in th
14、e marrow cells that become lymphocytes,a type of white blood cell that plays a role in the immune system.In myelogenous leukemia,abnormal cell growth occurs in the marrow cells that mature into red blood cells,white blood cells,and platelets.Reference14Part II-Video OneThink and Talk There are four
15、broad classifications of leukemia:acute lymphocytic leukemia(ALL),acute myelogenous leukemia(AML),chronic lymphocytic leukemia(CLL),chronic myelogenous leukemia(CML).Leukemia occurs in both adults and children.ALL is the most common form of childhood leukemia,and AML is the second most common.Decade
16、s of research have led to vastly improved outcomes for children diagnosed with ALL.The two most common adult leukemias are AML and CLL.Reference15Part II-Video OneWatch and DoTask One:Blank Filling(1)the soft tissue(2)stem cells(3)are responsible for(4)Multiply(5)replaced by new cells(6)abnormal cel
17、ls are produced(7)prevent normal cells from doing their jobs(8)cancer of the blood16Part II-Video OneTask Two:Question Answering1.Smoking made you susceptible to developing acute myelogenous leukemia,which is a more dangerous type of the disease as opposed to chronic leukemia that develops in the re
18、d marrow found in flat bones.2.Benzene is tagged as a leading cause of leukemia.3.Because anything synthetically produced may contain benzene.4.Any type of cancer that requires chemotherapy or radiation therapy increases ones susceptibility to developing leukemia.Watch and DoWatch and Do17Part II-Vi
19、deo OneTask Three:Error Correction1.Acute myelogenous leukemia is a more dangerous type of the disease as opposed to chronic leukemia that develops in the red marrow found in flat bones.2.Studies show that smoking is now the cause of about 15 percent of the known adult cases leukemia in the United S
20、tates alone.3.Exposure to benzene,especially inhaling it through smoking,should be avoided at all costs.4.Leukemia is a life-threatening and very expensive to treat.So it is best to be as knowledgeable about its prevention as possible.Watch and DoWatch and Do18Part II-Video OneVideo Two Transmission
21、 and Prevention of HIV19Think and TalkPeople should raise their awareness about HIV because there are still many misunderstandings out HIV and AIDS among the people worldwide.It is highly important to publicize the information and knowledge of the disease to the people in schools and in workplaces,s
22、uch as various offices,organizations,private offices,government agencies,hospitals,and bank etc.Maybe the education could be the best way to create the awareness about the disease,by providing the basic information about HIV,as follows:What is HIV?How does HIV transmit to others?How does AIDS develo
23、p?What are stages of HIV infection?Reference20Part II-Video TwoThink and Talk What are various tests for HIV?How do we live with HIV?What are various sexually transmitted disease?We should help organize the campaigns both in the remote areas and in city areas by providing the information about HIV a
24、nd AIDS and preventing people from the HIV infection.However,it is vital to provide the information in various places like schools,colleges,various educational and other organizations as well as workplaces.Such information about HIV includes that it belongs to one of the immunodeficiency diseases an
25、d it could be transmitted by blood transfusions and breast feeding.HIV awareness is critical for preventing the HIV infection,and would be helpful for clearing the prejudices and discriminations against AIDS.Reference21Part II-Video TwoTask One:Order Rearrangement3-4-1-2-5-7-6Watch and Do22Part II-V
26、ideo TwoTask Two:True or False1.F 2.F 3.T 4.F 5.TWatch and Do23Part II-Video TwoTask Three:Blank FillingWatch and Do24Part II-Video Two(1)vaginal or anal(2)HIV-infected semen(3)penis and urethra(4)syphilis(5)infected(6)HIV positive(7)sexual transmission(8)secretions(9)lubricating(10)viral replicatio
27、nAudioAnemia25Think and Talk Anemia is a condition in which you lack enough healthy red blood cells to carry adequate oxygen to your bodys tissues.Having anemia can make you feel tired and weak.There are many forms of anemia,each with its own cause.Anemia can be temporary or long term,and it can ran
28、ge from mild to severe.Anemia signs and symptoms vary depending on the cause.If the anemia is caused by a chronic disease,the disease can mask them,so that the anemia might be detected by tests for another condition.Reference26Part II-AudioThink and Talk Depending on the causes of anemia,you might h
29、ave no symptoms.Signs and symptoms,if they do occur,might include:Fatigue Weakness Pale or yellowish skin Irregular heartbeats Shortness of breath Dizziness or lightheadedness Chest pain Cold hands and feet HeadachesReference27Part II-AudioTask One:True or False1.F2.F 3.F 4.T 5.TListen and Do28Part
30、II-AudioTask Two:Question AnsweringListen and Do1.This is because one of the kidneys main functions aside from filtering your blood is to regulate the amount of red blood cells in your blood.2.According to Mary Bolster,the symptoms of anemia include fatigue,pale skin,being unfocused,a craving to che
31、w,weakness and feeling faint.3.It measures the hemoglobin and hematocrit,and the levels of your red blood cells.4.It can actually feel like a heart attack where you have rapid breathing and irregular heartbeat,and a chest pain.5.Because sometimes over exercising can exacerbate anemia.29Part II-Audio
32、Part IIICelebrity and DiseaseVideo OneHalle BerryVideo TwoMarie CurieVideo OneVideo Two30Video OneHalle Berry31Think and Talk Open.Reference32Part III-Video OneTask One:True or False1.T 2.F 3.T 4.F 5.TWatch and Do33Part III-Video OneTask Two:Question Answering1.Berry works one-on-one with the women
33、not as a therapist but as a friend.When she went there.she could act as someone that those women can talk to,and confide in.Besides.she can offer some advice,some little more information that might click something on for them.And she enjoyed her time with the women and children.Watch and Do34Part II
34、I-Video OneTask Two:Question Answering2.Doctors diagnosed Berry with Type II Diabetes when she was 24.She helped to spread the word to nearly five million Americans who are unknowingly living with diabetes.She thought that childhood was supposed to be a magical time,but for children with diabetes li
35、fe wasnt quite so carefree.3.Know the signs.Irritability,excessive urination,weight loss.If you have any early signs please call your doctor.Early detection can save your life.Watch and Do35Part III-Video OneVideo TwoMarie Curie36Task One:Multiple Choice1.D 2.B 3.D 4.A 5.DWatch and Do37Part III-Vide
36、o TwoPart IVMedical Terminology38Part IVMedical TerminologyRoot 1lymph/oRoot 2erythr/o39Root 1lymph/o40Think and TalklymphadenopathylymphadenectomylymphangitislymphomalymphoidlymphangiographyReference41Part IV-Root 1Task One:Matching1.e 2.d 3.f 4.b 5.c 6.aPractice and Produce42Part IV-Root 1Task Two
37、:Explanation-globin:a colorless protein obtained by removing heme from hemoglobin-stomy:surgical opening or communicationleuk/o:the color of white-rrhagia:excessive discharge of blood-phil:having affinity for somethingphag/o:swallowing,eating-penia:deficiencyPractice and Produce43Part IV-Root 1Task
38、Three:Review-globin:hemoglobin,myoglobin,hemoglobinuria-stomy:ileostomy,colostomy,coloproctostomyleuk/o:leukocyte,leukemia,leukocytopoiesis-rrhagia:gastrorrhagia,rhinorrhagia,menorrhagia-phil:eosinophil,basophil,neutrophilphag/o:phagocyte,phagocytosis,phagology-penia:pancytopenia,granulocytopenia,le
39、ukopeniaPractice and Produce44Part IV-Root 1Root 2erythr/o45Think and Talkred blood cellsleukocyteserythrocytosishemopoiesiserythroblastReference46Part IV-Root 2Task One:Matching1.c 2.d 3.e 4.f 5.a6.bPractice and Produce47Part IV-Root 2Task Two:Explanation-cyte:a cell-in:a neutral organic compound-p
40、oiesis:formation,production-oid:resembling;derived from-genesis:formation-meter:instrument to measurePractice and Produce48Part IV-Root 2Task Three:Review-cyte:osteocyte,monocyte,hematocyte-in:insulin,adrenalin,pepsin-poiesis:hemopoiesis,uropoiesis,lymphopoiesis-oid:ameboid,angioid,lymphoid-genesis:
41、pathogenesis,carcinogenesis,osteogenesis-meter:cytometer,thermometer,barometerPractice and Produce49Part IV-Root 2Part VFurther Thinking50Further Thinking Brain storm what youve learned in this unit,and summarize the unit by mind mapping.Try to add more knowledge youve learned to your mind map and deliver a speech on the lymphatic and system based on your mind map.51Enjoy Learning！52
