1、医学英语视听说(第二版)Unit Four Circulatory SystemMedical English Communication:Listening and Speaking(2nd edition)1ContentsPart I Introduction to the Circulatory System Part II Diseases Related to the Circulatory SystemPart III Celebrity and DiseasePart IV Medical Terminology Related to the Circulatory Syste
2、m2Part V Further ThinkingPart IVideo:Introduction to the Circulatory System3Think and Talk The circulatory system,an organ system,consists of the heart,blood,and blood vessels,which circulates blood and oxygen around human body.And the circulation includes the pulmonary circulation and the systemic
3、circulation.The pulmonary circulation refers to the“loop”through the lungs where blood is oxygenated.And the systemic circulation is the circulation which takes oxygenated blood away from the heart to the rest of the body,and sends deoxygenated blood back to the heart.When blood is circulated by the
4、 heart through the circulatory system,the system permits blood to transport oxygen and nutrients to body tissues and take waste materials away from there.Reference4Task One:Blank Filling(1)blood vessels (2)collects(3)pumps(4)the pulmonary arteries(5)the body Watch and Do(6)supply tissues with oxygen
5、(7)gates(8)pushed on(9)once per heartbeat 5Task One:Blank Filling Watch and Do(10)Blood vessels called coronary arteries extend over the surface of your heart and branch into smaller capillaries6Task Two:Complete Sentences1.the size of your fist,located slightly left of center in your chestWatch and
6、 Do73.forcing blood into the vessels going to your lungs and body4.high in the right atrium,delivering the signal to pump5.exchange of oxygen-rich blood with oxygen-poor blood2.circulating through your body Task Three:Description Our heart is composed of four chambers and four valves.The right side
7、of the heart,made of the right atrium and ventricle,collects and pumps blood to the lungs through the pulmonary arteries.The lungs refresh the blood with a new supply of oxygen,making it turn red.Oxygen-rich blood,“red blood,”then enters the left side of the heart,composed of the left atrium and ven
8、tricle,and is pumped through the aorta to the body to supply tissues with oxygen.Four valves within your heart keep your blood moving the right way.The tricuspid,mitral,pulmonary and aortic valves work like gates on a fence.Watch and Do8 Task Three:Description They open only one way and only when pu
9、shed on.Each valve opens and closes once per heartbeat or about once every second.A beating heart contracts and relaxes.Contraction is called systole,and relaxing is called diastole.Watch and Do9Part II Diseases Related to the Circulatory System10Part IIDiseases Related to the Urinary SystemVideo On
10、eCoronary Artery DiseaseVideo TwoHypertensionHigh Blood PressureAudioAir Pollution and Cardiovascular Diseases11Video One Coronary Artery Disease12Think and Talk In 2007,Cindy Haney,a registered nurse,began having some chest pain at 26 years of age.And she has a very strong family history of coronar
11、y artery disease(CAD).In 2008,her chest pain got worse,and her blood pressure was out of control.Her symptoms got so bad that she decided to see the cardiologist again.And the doctor recommended a cardiac catheterization.The cardiac catheterization was done a month later.It revealed that Cindy had s
12、evere multi-vessel CAD.Cindy continued to have chest pain when in the hospital,and was taken back to the catheterization lab again and received two more stents.Reference13Part II-Video OneThink and TalkReference14Part II-Video One In 2009,Cindy again had some chest pain,and went to the hospital agai
13、n.And she needed another cardiac catheterization.Several days later,she had a coronary artery bypass surgery.Although the recovery period afterward is not easy,the results have been well worth it.Watch and DoTask One:Blank Filling(1)red blood cells (2)the heart muscle (3)contains fats (4)accumulates
14、(5)the plaque becomes larger15Part II-Video OneTask Two:Questions and answers 1.stable anginaWatch and DoWatch and Do16Part II-Video One2.an acute coronary syndrome;a non-ST segment elevation myocardial infarction,unstable angina3.plaque rupture with coronary thrombosisVideo Two HypertensionHigh Blo
15、od Pressure17Think and Talk High blood pressure can damage your health in many ways.It can seriously hurt important organs like your heart,brain,kidneys,and eyes.The higher your blood pressure levels,the more risk you have for other health problems,such as heart disease,heart attack,stroke and even
16、early death.High blood pressure can damage your arteries by making them less elastic,which decreases the flow of blood and oxygen to your heart and leads to heart disease.In addition,decreased blood flow to the heart can cause:Stop smoking as soon as possible,which is hazardous to kidneys and increa
17、ses other diseases risks like lung cancer and heart disease.Drink water in moderation.At least 2 liters or 8 cups of water is enough for average humans daily fluid need,but drinking too much water may worsen the kidney impairment which has not been detected.Reference18Part II-Video TwoThink and Talk
18、 Chest pain,also called angina.Heart attack,which happens when the blood supply to your heart is blocked and heart muscle begins to die without enough oxygen.The longer the blood flow is blocked,the greater the damage to the heart.At last,moderate exercise is always healthy for ones body as well as
19、kidneys,especially aerobic exercise outside the door.Heart failure,a condition that means your heart cant pump enough blood and oxygen to your other organs.Adults with diabetes,high blood pressure,or both have a higher risk of developing chronic kidney disease than those without these conditions.The
20、 good news is that,in most cases,you can manage your blood pressure to lower your risk for serious health problems.Reference19Part II-Video TwoTask One:True or False1.T 2.T 3.F 4.T 5.FWatch and Do20Part II-Video TwoTask Two:Questions and Answers1.Blood pressure normally shows daily pattern and is us
21、ually lower at night,during day time it fluctuate with physical activity and emotional states.2.Hypertension does not cause symptoms on its own,but it slowly damages blood vessels and in the long term is a major risk factor for a variety of cardiovascular diseases.Watch and Do21Part II-Video TwoTask
22、 Two:Questions and Answers3.Treatments must start with lifestyle changes such as healthy low sodium diets,physical exercise and stress management.Watch and Do22Part II-Video TwoTask Three:Blank Filling(1)contract and pump(2)arterial pressure(3)diastolic pressure(4)fluctuates(5)emotional states Watch
23、 and Do(6)classified as(7)obesity(8)hardened(9)kidney problems(10)endocrine disturbances 23Task Four:Writing To prevent high blood pressure,everyone should be encouraged to make lifestyle modifications,such as eating a healthier diet,quitting smoking,and getting more exercise.A critical step in prev
24、enting and treating high blood pressure is a healthy lifestyle.You can lower your blood pressure with the following lifestyle changes:for men,one drink a day for women Losing weight if you are overweight or obese;Quitting smoking;Watch and Do24Part II-Video TwoTask Four:Writing Eating a healthy diet
25、,eating more fruits,vegetables,and low-fat dairy products,less saturated and total fat;Reducing the amount of sodium in your diet to less than 1,500 milligrams a day if you have high blood pressure;Getting regular aerobic exercise(such as brisk walking at least 30 minutes a day,several days a week)L
26、imiting alcohol to two drinks a day for men,one drink a day for womenWatch and Do25Part II-Video TwoAudioAir Pollution and Cardiovascular Diseases26Think and Talk Several researches provide compelling evidences on the cardiovascular effects of fine particulate matter(PM)for the development of athero
27、sclerosis and cardiovascular disease and in triggering acute cardiac events.PM PM2.5 is strongly associated with increased incidence of myocardial infarction(MI),stroke and vascular dysfunction;fine and ultrafine particles showed direct toxicity on myocardial cells,whilst all PMs(including gross dus
28、t)showed indirect toxic effects that are able to promote systemic inflammation.However,it is preventable.Reference27Part II-AudioThink and Talk For the government,it is advisable to enforce air quality regulations to reduce air pollution.For the individuals,it is necessary to reduce pollution exposu
29、re by changing ones behavior,especially for the people in developing countries.Evidences show that portable air filtration system can reduce the indoor PM2.5 concentrations.Using particulate respirator face mask appeared to effectively reduce symptoms and improve cardiovascular health measures in pa
30、tients with coronary heart disease.Reference28Part II-AudioTask One:True or False1.T 2.F 3.T 4.F 5.FWatch and Do29Part II-Video TwoTask Two:Compound Dictation(6)followed(7)ultrasound (8)measured the thickness of carotid artery walls(9)to the head,neck and brain(10)with no other sign of heart disease
31、Listen and Do(1)particulate(2)pouring (3)localized (4)Hardening(5)block30Part II-AudioTask Three:Error Correction1.four percent two percent2.indirectly directly3.bleeding hardening4.will kill kill,next year every year5.meat fruitsWatch and Do31Task Four:Discussion In the modern urban world,PM is pri
32、ncipally derived from fossil fuel combustion with individual constituents varying in size.Studies from across the world have consistently shown that both short-and long-term exposures to PM are associated with a host of cardiovascular diseases,including myocardial ischaemia and infarctions,heart fai
33、lure,arrhythmias,strokes and increased cardiovascular mortality.Accordingly,persons with known or suspected cardiovascular disease,the elderly,diabetic patients,pregnant women,and those with pulmonary disease should be counseled to limit leisure-time outdoor activities when air pollution is high.Lis
34、ten and Do32Part II-AudioPart IIICelebrity and DiseaseWilson GreatbatchVideo33VideoWilson Greatbatch34Think and Talk There are some devices which were invented accidentally and changed lives of people in the world profoundly.To my knowledge,the air conditioner was actually created by chance.Many yea
35、rs ago,a machine was intended to be created to get rid of humid air.It was found that the machine could not only remove the wet air but also decrease the temperature in the room.That is the creation of air conditioner,which cooled the space and became almost indispensable in our life in hot summer d
36、ays.Reference35Part III-Video OneTask One:Order Rearrangement7,5,1,3,2,4,6Watch and Do36Part III-Video OneTask Two:RetellingWatch and Do37Part III-Video One Wilson Greatbatch decided to make a machine to record the sound of a human heart in order to help people with irregular or fast heartbeats.Afte
37、r he added in a resistor of the wrong size,the machine started to give out an irregular pulse,using almost no battery power at all.Greatbatch thought if he could just make the machine small enough,he would have found a way to stimulate a failing human heart.However,this idea was doubted by medical p
38、rofessions.He spent many years perfecting his invention until,with the help of his dog,he won over the medical profession and began to prolong the lives of hundreds and thousands of patients.Part IVMedical Terminology38Part IVMedical TerminologyRoot 1cardi/oRoot 2angi/o vascul/o vas/o39Root 1cardi/o
39、40Think and Talkatrium ventricle valve circulationcardiology cardialgia endocardium myocardium cardiomyopathy pericardium epicardium pericarditisReference41Part IV-Root 1Task One:Matching1.c 2.f 3.e 4.a5.b6.d Practice and Produce42Part IV-Root 1Task Two:Explanationtachy-:being fast brady-:being slow
40、 my/o:muscle -ia:inflammation-megaly:enlargement of peri-:above -algia:painPractice and Produce43Part IV-Root 1Task Three:Review-ectomy:esophagectomy,gastrectomy,colectomy,pharyngectomy-otomy:angiotomy,valvulotomy,atriotomy,cardiotomy,phlebotomy-scope:colonoscope,gastroscope,rhinoscope,bronchoscopeP
41、ractice and Produce44Part IV-Root 1Task Three:Review-pathy:phleboplasty,venoplasty,cardiomyopathy,osteopathy,vasculopathyhypo-:hypogastrium,hypodermal,hypoacidityhyper-:hypertension,hyperadrenalism,hyperaesthesic-plasty:angioplasty,odontoplasty,arterioplasty,valvuloplastyPractice and Produce45Part I
42、V-Root 1Root 2angi/o vascul/o vas/o46Think and Talkangioplasty angiosclerosis angiocardiography vasospasm vasography angiorrhaphy angiectomy vasculopathyvasculitis phlebotomyReference47Part IV-Root 2Task One:Matching1.c 2.a 3.e 4.b5.d Practice and Produce48Part IV-Root 2Task Two:Explanation-scopy:th
43、e examination of a tissue or body region with an endoscopedys-:difficult-sclerosis:hardening para-:adjacent-rrhaphy:suturing endo-:internal,innerPractice and Produce49Part IV-Root 2Task Three:Reviewa/an-:apnea,asymptomatic,atypical,anuria-spasm:vasospasm,bronchospasm,esophagospasm-graphy:angiocardio
44、graphy,ventriculography,phlebography,angiography-oma:cycloloma,gastrinoma,myeloma-gram:electrocardiogram,venogram,phlebogram,ventriculogramPractice and Produce50Part IV-Root 2Part VFurther Thinking51Further Thinking Although cardiovascular diseases are dangerous and remain the leading cause of death
45、 around the world,most cardiovascular diseases are preventable.The major risk factors of cardiovascular diseases include tobacco use,unhealthy diet and obesity,physical inactivity,high blood pressure,diabetes and raised lipids.Therefore,a healthy lifestyle can help to prevent cardiovascular diseases.What does“a healthy lifestyle”actually mean?What kind of lifestyle do you live?Would you like to take some actions to prevent cardiovascular diseases when you are still young and strong?Please comment on“A healthy lifestyle to prevent cardiovascular diseases”within 150 words.52Enjoy Learning！53
