1、医学英语视听说(第二版)Unit Six Musculoskeletal SystemMedical English Communication:Listening and Speaking(2nd edition)1ContentsPart I Introduction to the Musculoskeletal SystemPart II Diseases Related to the Musculoskeletal SystemPart III Celebrity and DiseasePart IV Medical Terminology Related to the Musculo
2、skeletal System2Part V Further ThinkingPart IVideo:Introduction to the Musculoskeletal System3Think and Talk The bones provide the shape of the body and protect the bodys internal organs.They serve as the main storage areas for calcium and phosphorus.They also contain the hematopoietic tissue,which
3、is to produce blood cell.The muscles keep bones in place and make the movement of the bones possible by contracting and pulling on the bones.Bones are connected by joints.Tendons are connective tissue that bind muscles to bones,while ligaments bind bones to other bones.Cartilage serves as a cushion,
4、preventing the bone ends from rubbing directly on each other.Reference4Task One:Blank Filling(1)joint cartilage (2)uric acid(3)deposited(4)osteoblasts(5)osteoclastsWatch and Do(6)osteoporosis (7)fractures(8)uptake(9)susceptible(10)undergoes 5Task Two:Description The musculoskeletal system consists o
5、f bones,muscles,joints and connective tissue,such as tendons,ligaments and cartilage.Bones provide the framework of the body and protect and support internal organs.They assist the body in movement and contain the hematopoietic tissue and minerals such as calcium.Muscles are attached to bones and ma
6、ke movement possible.Joints are where bones are connected with each other.Within joints,cartilage serves as a cushion to reduce friction of bone ends.Tendons bind muscles to bones while ligaments bind bones to other bones.The common diseases occurring in the musculoskeletal system include fracture,o
7、steoporosis,rheumatoid arthritis,osteoarthritis,gout,tendinitis and muscle dystrophy.Watch and Do6Part II Diseases Related to the Musculoskeletal System7Part IIDiseases Related to the Musculoskeletal SystemVideo OneRheumatoid ArthritisVideo TwoAnkylosing Spondylitis 8Video One Rheumatoid Arthritis9T
8、hink and Talk Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic joint condition with inflammation and pain.caused by an autoimmune disorder against joint tissue,particularly the synovial membrane.The symptoms are swollen,painful and stiff joints accompanied by fever.Joint deformity was thus caused.Treatment consist
9、s of heat applications and drugs such as aspirin and other NSAIDs and corticosteroids to reduce inflammation and pain.Reference10Part II-Video OneWatch and DoTask One:Blank Filling(1)stiffness (2)inflammatory (3)immune (4)synovium (5)lubricated(6)antibodies (7)methotrexate (8)flare-ups (9)osteoarthr
10、itis (10)tear11Part II-Video OneTask Two:Discussion Rheumatoid arthritis is different from osteoarthritis.Osteoarthritis involves the loss of the cartilage that caps the bones in your joints.Its a progressive,degenerative joint condition.With rheumatoid arthritis,the synovial membrane that protects
11、and lubricates joints becomes inflamed,causing pain,swelling and stiffness.Watch and DoWatch and Do12Part II-Video OneVideo Two Ankylosing Spondylitis 13Think and Talk Ankylosing spondylitis is a chronic,progressive arthritis with stiffening of joints,primarily of the vertebrae and joint pain.Its ca
12、uses are not very clear yet.Genetics may have something to do with it.Usually the rheumatologist will ask family history.The condition can respond to medications such as corticosteroids and anti-inflammatory drugs.Reference14Part II-Video TwoThink and Talk Maintain a healthy diet to lower the amount
13、 of cholesterol which would increase the blood pressure.Alcohol intake puts people who have suffered high blood pressure at a more risky state to damage kidneys.Chronic kidney disease can also be caused by improper use of painkillers.Follow the instructions on the package of the medications and take
14、 prescribed dose of medications suggested by the doctor.At last,moderate exercise is always healthy for ones body as well as kidneys,especially aerobic exercise outside the door.Reference15Part II-Video TwoTask One:Multiple Choice1.A 2.A 3.C 4.C 5.DWatch and Do16Part II-Video TwoTask Two:True or Fal
15、se1.F 2.T 3.F 4.T 5.FWatch and Do17Part II-Video TwoTask Three:Retelling Ankylosing spondylitis is a chronic,progressive arthritis with stiffening of joints,predominantly the spine.Typically,it occurs in young adults or children.It begins insidiously and patients may not know they have it.Over the y
16、ears,they may realize that theyve lost mobility and have the increasing pain.Therefore,its important to raise publics awareness of the ankylosing spondylitis.Its causes are not very definite now.An inherited pattern can sometimes be traced in families.When rheumatologists make the diagnosis,they wil
17、l ask about the family history.Physical exam,imaging test and lab tests can all help the diagnosis.Watch and Do18Part II-Video Two The goal of treatment is to relieve the pain and stiffness and prevent or delay complications and spinal deformity.Medications such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory dru
18、gs(NSAIDs)will be prescribed to relieve inflammation.Physical therapy is an important part of treatment,relieving pain and improving strength and flexibility.If the joint damage is severe,the surgery has to be done.The treatment of ankylosing spondylitis is most successful before the disease causes
19、irreversible damage to your joints.Watch and Do19Part II-Video TwoTask Three:RetellingPart IIICelebrity and DiseaseVideo OneJillian MercadoVideo TwoHugh HerrVideo OneVideo Two20Video OneJillian Mercado21Think and Talk Muscular dystrophy is a muscular condition characterized by progressive weakness a
20、nd degeneration of muscle fibers.I have never heard of Jillian Mercado,but I have heard about another model who challenges the beauty standard in fashion industry.This model is Winnie Harlow.She was diagnosed a chronic skin condition vitiligo,characterized by depigmentation of portions of the skin,a
21、t the age of four.However,she didnt lock herself up.Instead,she became a model and shared her story with the public to inspire others to pursue the dream.She is really a role model.Reference22Part III-Video OneTask One:True or False1.T 2.F 3.F 4.T 5.TWatch and Do23Part III-Video OneTask Two:Discussi
22、on After watching the video,I found Jillian Mercado very inspiring.She was diagnosed with muscular dystrophy at birth.Instead of sitting in the corner crying about this condition,she went out to purse her love,that is,being a fashion model.We always assume the model should be somebody who is tall,sl
23、im and good-looking.However,this assumption is not grounded and based on the stereotype.Jillian Mercado is one of many people who challenge and broaden our view of beauty.She is a role model,inspiring many people to explore other possibilities of the life.Watch and Do24Part III-Video OneVideo TwoHug
24、h Herr25Think and Talk Bionics is the application of biological methods and systems found in nature to the study and design of engineering systems and modern technology.For example,sonar,radar,and medical ultrasound imaging imitating animal echolocation.Prosthetics is the evaluation,fabrication and
25、custom fitting of artificial limbs.It can allow a person to do activities they might not be able to do otherwise.There are other examples of such technology advances that empower humans beyond the limitations.For example,the invention of eyeglasses helps many short-sighted people to enjoy good visio
26、n despite the limits of their eyes.Reference26Part III-Video TwoTask One:Catch the Main Idea In the video,Hugh Herr,the director of the Center for Extreme Bionics at the MIT Media Lab,used his own story to show how bionics have bridged the gap between the disability and ability,between human limitat
27、ions and human potential.His legs were amputated due to the injury in climbing.Instead of giving up the hobby,he developed many artificial limbs to enable him to climb again.The artificial part of his body proved powerful in his climbing,taking on different shapes to respond to various situations.Hi
28、s center is to use technology to empower humans with various disabilities.Watch and Do27Part III-Video TwoTask Two:Answer the Questions(1)Nature is driving the design,while design is also driving the nature.(2)Bionics explores the interplay between biology and design.(3)His legs were amputated due t
29、o tissue damage from frostbite,incurred during a mountain-climbing accident.Watch and Do28Part III-Video TwoTask Two:Answer the Questions(4)The bionic leg is malleable,able to take on any form and any function.He could make his height adjustable and design narrow-wedged feet or spiked feet to meet d
30、ifferent demands.(5)The mission of the Center for Extreme Bionics of MIT is put forth fundamental science and technological capability that will allow the biomechatronic and regenerative repair of humans across a broad range of brain and body disabilities.Watch and Do29Part III-Video TwoTask Three:D
31、iscussion I think what the speaker means is that human beings are very strong,resilient and creative Although they can be physically disabled,they cannot be defined by the body limits.They can use technology to serve their interests and go beyond the limits.Their mind is full of new ideas and soluti
32、ons to many problems.The only thing that needs to improve is the technology.The insufficient technology is the only impetus standing in the way.Watch and Do30Part III-Video TwoPart IVMedical Terminology31Part IVMedical TerminologyRoot 1oste/oRoot 2arthr/o32Root 1oste/o33Think and Talkfemur humerusma
33、ndible ribpelvis fractureosteoarthritisosteoporosisReference34Part IV-Root 1Task One:Matching1.f 2.c 3.b 4.a 5.d 6.ePractice and Produce35Part IV-Root 1Task Two:Explanation-itis:inflammation articul/o:joint-algia:pain-porosis:pore,passagenecr/o:death myel/o:bone marrow,spinal cordPractice and Produc
34、e36Part IV-Root 1Task Three:Review-itis:arthritis,otitis,vasculitis,laryngitisarticul/o:articular cartilage-algia:arthralgia,otalgia,myalgia,enteralgia-porosis:osteoporosisnecr/o:necrosis,necrologist,necrotomy,necropsymyel/o:myelopoiesis,myelopathy,myeloblast,myelocytePractice and Produce37Part IV-R
35、oot 1Root 2 arthr/o38Think and Talkarthritisgoutosteoarthritis buniondislocationsprain arthroscopy Total Knee ReplacementReference39Part IV-Root 2Task One:Matching1.c 2.d 3.a 4.e 5.b6.fPractice and Produce40Part IV-Root 2Task Two:Explanation-plasty:surgical repair-scopy:process of visual examination
36、-centesis:surgical puncture to remove fluid-tomy:incision,cutting intopoly-:many,much-pathy:disease conditionPractice and Produce41Part IV-Root 2Task Three:Review-plasty:angioplasty,-scopy:laparoscopy,-centesis:thoracentesis,amniocentesis,abdominocentesis-tomy:laparotomy,phlebotomy,tracheotomypoly-:
37、polyneuritis,polyadenitis-pathy:cardiomyopathy,nephropathy,enteropathyPractice and Produce42Part IV-Root 2Part VFurther Thinking43Further Thinking The musculoskeletal system provides shape and support to the body and makes movement possible.If any injury occurs,humans will have trouble completing ev
38、eryday tasks.Bones,muscles and joints get degenerated with aging,causing osteoporosis,muscle weakness and arthritis.There are other factors facilitating this process,such as a sedentary lifestyle,work habits,and unhealthy diet,etc.The best way to treat musculoskeletal disorders is prevention.Do the people around you suffer from any musculoskeletal problems?What will you recommend them to do so as to recover from the diseases?44Enjoy Learning！45
