1、模 块 二语语 篇篇 能能 力力专题一阅读理解专题一阅读理解第第4讲主旨大意题讲主旨大意题1 高频考点研析透研析透2 模拟精练巧押题巧押题返回导航高频考点研析透研析透返回导航高考二轮总复习 英语模块二专题一 第4讲主旨大意题考点1标题提炼题记叙文、说明文和议论文三种文体涉及的不同话题的阅读材料都会考查到标题归纳题。设问形式常有：(1)What is the best title for this passage?(2)What can be a suitable title for the passage/text?(3)Which of the following can be the be
2、st title for the passage?(4)The most suitable title of this passage is“”最佳标题应具备以下三大特征：概括精准而简洁；针对性强，标题外延与文章内容恰好相符；醒目，能引发读者阅读欲望。返回导航高考二轮总复习 英语模块二专题一 第4讲主旨大意题1一般文章的标题可根据主题句来判断，但在某些文章中，如记叙文，没有明确的主题句，需要根据文中的事实细节，查找文章的“主线”，归纳出文章的主题。2所选文章标题须能概括全文的中心内容。标题是文章的点睛之笔，是文章的灵魂和门面。为吸引读者的注意，标题往往比较醒目。返回导航高考二轮总复习 英语模块
3、二专题一 第4讲主旨大意题一、(2020全国卷D)The connection between people and plants has long been the subject of scientific research.Recent studies have found positive effects.A study conducted in Youngstown，Ohio，for example，discovered that greener areas of the city experienced less crime.In another，employees were sh
4、own to be 15%more productive when their workplaces were decorated with houseplants.返回导航高考二轮总复习 英语模块二专题一 第4讲主旨大意题The engineers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology(MIT)have taken it a step further changing the actual composition of plants in order to get them to perform diverse，even unusual f
5、unctions.These include plants that have sensors printed onto their leaves to show when theyre short of water and a plant that can detect harmful chemicals in groundwater.“Were thinking about how we can engineer plants to replace functions of the things that we use every day，”explained Michael Strano
6、，a professor of chemical engineering at MIT.返回导航高考二轮总复习 英语模块二专题一 第4讲主旨大意题One of his latest projects has been to make plants glow(发光)in experiments using some common vegetables.Stranos team found that they could create a faint light for three-and-a-half hours.The light，about one-thousandth of the amo
7、unt needed to read by，is just a start.The technology，Strano said，could one day be used to light the rooms or even to turn tree into self-powered street lamps.返回导航高考二轮总复习 英语模块二专题一 第4讲主旨大意题In the future，the team hopes to develop a version of the technology that can be sprayed onto plant leaves in a on
8、e-off treatment that would last the plants lifetime.The engineers are also trying to develop an on and off“switch”where the glow would fade when exposed to daylight.Lighting accounts for about 7%of the total electricity consumed in the US.Since lighting is often far removed from the power source(电源)
9、such as the distance from a power plant to street lamps on a remote highwaya lot of energy is lost during transmission(传输)返回导航高考二轮总复习 英语模块二专题一 第4讲主旨大意题Glowing plants could reduce this distance and therefore help save energy.35Which of the following can be the best title for the text?ACan we grow mor
10、e glowing plants?BHow do we live with glowing plants?CCould glowing plants replace lamps?DHow are glowing plants made pollution-free?【答案】C返回导航高考二轮总复习 英语模块二专题一 第4讲主旨大意题【解析】标题归纳题。根据最后两段可知，由于照明通常远离电源，在传输过程中会损失大量能源。发光的植物可以缩短这段距离，从而帮助节约能源。结合文章主要说明了绿色植物对人们很有好处，因此麻省理工学院的工程师开发了一种发光植物，文章介绍了他们发明这种植物的过程，以及这种植物
11、的一些优势，指出在未来发光植物有可能取代路灯，达到节约能源的作用。由此可知，C选项“发光的植物能取代路灯吗？”最符合文章标题。故选C。返回导航高考二轮总复习 英语模块二专题一 第4讲主旨大意题二、(2019全国卷D篇)Bacteria are an annoying problem for astronauts.The microorganisms(微生物)from our bodies grow uncontrollably on surfaces of the International Space Station，so astronauts spend hours cleaning th
12、em up each week.How is NASA overcoming this very tiny big problem?Its turning to a bunch of high school kids.But not just any kids.It is depending on NASA HUNCH high school classrooms，like the one science teachers Gene Gordon and Donna Himmelberg lead at Fairport High School in Fairport，New York.返回导
13、航高考二轮总复习 英语模块二专题一 第4讲主旨大意题HUNCH is designed to connect high school classrooms with NASA engineers.For the past two years，Gordons students have been studying ways to kill bacteria in zero gravity，and they think theyre close to a solution(解决方案)“We dont give the students any breaks.They have to do it j
14、ust like NASA engineers，”says Florence Gold，a project manager.“There are no tests，”Gordon says.“There is no graded homework.There almost are no grades，other thanAre you working towards your goal？Basically，its Ive got to produce this product and then，at the end of the year，present it to NASA.Engineer
15、s come and really do an inperson review，and.its not a very nice thing at times.Its a hard business review of your product.”返回导航高考二轮总复习 英语模块二专题一 第4讲主旨大意题Gordon says the HUNCH program has an impact(影响)on college admissions and practical life skills.“These kids are so absorbed in their studies that I j
16、ust sit back.I dont teach.”And that annoying bacteria?Gordon says his students are emailing daily with NASA engineers about the problem，readying a workable solution to test in space.返回导航高考二轮总复习 英语模块二专题一 第4讲主旨大意题35What is the best title for the text?ANASA：The Home of AstronautsBSpace：The Final Homewo
17、rk FrontierCNature：An Outdoor ClassroomDHUNCH：A College Admission Reform【答案】B返回导航高考二轮总复习 英语模块二专题一 第4讲主旨大意题【解析】标题归纳题。本文主要介绍了一个项目：把高中的教室教学与太空的研究联系起来，使学生们得到NASA工程师们的指导。因此在选标题时既要有太空，还要有学生，分析选项可知，只有B能将其完美地结合起来。故答案选B。返回导航高考二轮总复习 英语模块二专题一 第4讲主旨大意题考点2文章或段落大意题主旨大意题要求考生在理解全文的基础上，从文中提取有效信息，概括归纳出文章的主旨大意、中心思想。此类
18、题目没有明显的解题依据，是对文章深层次的理解。返回导航高考二轮总复习 英语模块二专题一 第4讲主旨大意题设问形式常有：(1)The general/main idea of the passage is .(2)What is the main theme/topic/idea of this/the passage/text?(3)The passage/text is mainly about .(4)What does the text/passage mainly focus on?(5)The passage mainly focuses on .返回导航高考二轮总复习 英语模块二专
19、题一 第4讲主旨大意题1定位主题句确定文章大意文章由段落组成，段落的中心思想服务于文章的中心思想，因此找到每个段落的主题句，总结概括后便不难得出文章的主旨大意。一般情况下，段落的主题句通常在该逻辑段落的首尾，但也有些难度较大的试题会隐含在段落之中，此时要理解全文结构，找到支撑性细节内容。返回导航高考二轮总复习 英语模块二专题一 第4讲主旨大意题以下为快速找到主题句的5个小窍门：(1)段落中出现表转折的词语(however，but，in fact，actually，while，on the contrary，in contrast等)时，其后的句子通常为主题句；(2)首段出现疑问句时，对该句的回
20、答很可能就是主题句；(3)作者有意识地反复强调的观点，通常是主旨；反复出现的词语，一般为体现文章主旨的关键词(主旨句通常包含关键词)；(4)首段出现具体例子或假设时，例子或假设后的内容通常为主题句；(5)表示总结或结论的句子常包含therefore，in short，conclude，conclusion，thus等词。返回导航高考二轮总复习 英语模块二专题一 第4讲主旨大意题2根据不同文体的结构和写作方法来定位主题句(1)议论文主要是论述作者的某个观点，往往采用“总分”或“总分总”的模式，所以主题句常在第一段或最后一段。(2)说明文则是说明一个事物的用途或制作过程，主题句一般在首段。(3)记
21、叙文一般没有明显的主题句，需要根据文中叙述的内容和线索来概括文章大意，但是如果文章末段出现说理性的句子，则这个句子为主题句。返回导航高考二轮总复习 英语模块二专题一 第4讲主旨大意题3通过暗示揣摩段落大意：有时，作者不直接写出主题句，而是通过情感态度等方法暗示性地体现主题，此时要根据文中所叙述的事实和线索综合判断去揣摩并概括出段落大意。返回导航高考二轮总复习 英语模块二专题一 第4讲主旨大意题(2020全国卷B)Some parents will buy any high-tech toy if they think it will help their child，but researche
22、rs said puzzles help children with math-related skills.Psychologist Susan Levine，an expert on mathematics development in young children the University of Chicago，found children who play with puzzles between ages 2 and 4 later develop better spatial skills.Puzzle play was found to be a significant pr
23、edictor of cognition(认知)after controlling for differences in parents income，education and the amount of parent talk，Levine said.返回导航高考二轮总复习 英语模块二专题一 第4讲主旨大意题The researchers analyzed video recordings of 53 child-parent pairs during everyday activities at home and found children who play with puzzles
24、between 26 and 46 months of age have better spatial skills when assessed at 54 months of age.“The children who played with puzzles performed better than those who did not，on tasks that assessed their ability to rotate(旋转)and translate shapes，”Levine said in a statement.返回导航高考二轮总复习 英语模块二专题一 第4讲主旨大意题T
25、he parents were asked to interact with their children as they normally would，and about half of children in the study played with puzzles at one time.Higher-income parents tended to have children play with puzzles more frequently，and both boys and girls who played with puzzles had better spatial skil
26、ls.However，boys tended to play with more complex puzzles than girls，and the parents of boys provided more spatial language and were more active during puzzle play than parents of girls.The findings were published in the journal Developmental Science.返回导航高考二轮总复习 英语模块二专题一 第4讲主旨大意题【语篇解读】本文是说明文。是关于孩子们玩智
27、力游戏的研究，介绍了研究考虑的因素，研究过程和结果。24In which aspect do children benefit from puzzle play?ABuilding confidence.BDeveloping spatial skills.CLearning self-control.DGaining high-tech knowledge.【答案】B返回导航高考二轮总复习 英语模块二专题一 第4讲主旨大意题【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段中“.found children who play with puzzles between ages 2 and 4 develop b
28、etter spatial skill.”(在2岁到4岁之间玩智力游戏的儿童在空间能力方面更好。)可知，孩子们可以从智力游戏中发展更好的空间技能。B.Developing spatial skills.(发展空间能力。)符合以上说法。故选B项。返回导航高考二轮总复习 英语模块二专题一 第4讲主旨大意题25What did Levine take into consideration when designing her experiment?AParents age.BChildrens imagination.CParents education.DChild-parent relation
29、ship.【答案】C返回导航高考二轮总复习 英语模块二专题一 第4讲主旨大意题【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段中“Puzzle play was found to be a significant predictor of cognition(认知)after controlling for difference in parents income，education and the amount of parent talk，Levine said.”(Levine说，在控制了不同父母的收入、教育和父母谈话次数后，拼图游戏被发现是一个重要的认知预测。)可知Levine在设计这个试验时考虑了父母
30、的收入、教育程度和父母谈话的次数。C.Parents education.(父母的教育)符合以上说法。故选C项。返回导航高考二轮总复习 英语模块二专题一 第4讲主旨大意题26How do boys differ from girls in puzzle play?AThey play with puzzles more often.B They tend to talk less during the game.CThey prefer to use more spatial language.DThey are likely to play with tougher puzzles.【答案】
31、D返回导航高考二轮总复习 英语模块二专题一 第4讲主旨大意题【解析】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“However，boys tended to play with more complex puzzles than girls”可知男孩比女孩更喜欢玩复杂的谜题，即他们可能会玩难度更大的谜题。D.They are likely to play with tougher puzzles.(他们有可能玩更复杂的谜题。)符合以上说法。故选D项。返回导航高考二轮总复习 英语模块二专题一 第4讲主旨大意题27What is the text mainly about?AA mathematical method.BA scientific study.CA woman psychologistDA teaching program.【答案】B【解析】主旨大意题。本文是关于孩子们玩智力游戏的研究，介绍了研究考虑的因素，研究过程和结果。所以是关于科学研究的。B.A scientific study.(一项科学研究。)符合以上说法。故选B项。
