1、1.despite the many ups and downs in its history.尽管历史跌宕起伏。尽管历史跌宕起伏。despite prep.used to say that something happens or is true even though something else might have prevented it 即使即使；尽管；尽管 eg Despite repeated assurances that the product is safe,many people have stopped buying it.(翻译翻译)尽管尽管已反覆保证了该产品的安全
2、性，很已反覆保证了该产品的安全性，很多人还是不再购买多人还是不再购买。ups and downs:If someone or something experiences ups and downs,a mixture of good and bad things happens to them 浮沉；浮沉；兴衰；荣辱兴衰；荣辱eg The way ahead is full of ups and downs,but that doesnt worry us.(翻译翻译)前进的道路是不平坦的，但是我们不前进的道路是不平坦的，但是我们不 怕。怕。2.At the beginning,written
3、 Chinese was a picture-based language.汉字在最初是一种汉字在最初是一种基于图形的语言。基于图形的语言。based adj.containing sth as an important part or feature 以以(某事某事)为基础的；以为基础的；以为重要部分为重要部分(或特征或特征)的的 base vt.以以为据点；以为据点；以为为基础基础 base sth.on/upon sth.=be based on/upon 以以为基础为基础/根据根据eg He based his ideas on/upon scientific experiments.
4、This novel is based on/upon historical facts.base n.底部；根据底部；根据eg The base of the house is strong.base+-icbasic adj.基本的，基础的；初级基本的，基础的；初级 的；必需的的；必需的basic+-allybasically adv.基本上；从根本基本上；从根本 上说上说【即学即练即学即练】写出下列句子中写出下列句子中base的词性和的词性和含义。含义。1)Their relationship was based on trust._ _2)The base of the castle
5、is solid rock._ _3)They decided to base the organization in New York._ _名词名词 底部，底座底部，底座 动词动词 以以为基础为基础/根据根据 动词动词 以以为据点（或为据点（或 总部等），把（总总部等），把（总 部等）设在部等）设在 3.It dates back several thousand years to the use of longgu 它可以追溯到数千年前使它可以追溯到数千年前使用龙骨的时期用龙骨的时期 date back to=date from:to be made or begun at a part
6、icular time in the past 追溯追溯到到 eg His family history dates back to the 1700s.(翻译翻译)他的家族历史可以追溯到他的家族历史可以追溯到18世纪。世纪。4.Emperor Qinshihuang united the seven major states into one unified country 秦始皇统一七个诸侯国秦始皇统一七个诸侯国 major adj.very large or important,when compared to other things or people of a similar ki
7、nd 主要主要的；重要的；大的的；重要的；大的 eg All of her major plays have been translated into English.The major part of a little babys life is spent in sleeping.n.主修课程；主修学生主修课程；主修学生eg What is your major,English or French?Phoebe is a history major.vi.主修；专门研究，常与主修；专门研究，常与in连用连用eg Laura is majoring in physics.5.The high
8、 regard for the Chinese writing system can be seen in the development of Chinese characters as an art form 中国中国人对其书写体系推崇备至，这体现在汉字人对其书写体系推崇备至，这体现在汉字发展为一种艺术形式发展为一种艺术形式 regard n.attention or consideration that is shown towards someone or something 尊重；尊重；关注关注 vt.把把视为；看待视为；看待regardas 把把看作；认为看作；认为with/in
9、regard to 关于；有关关于；有关regarding prep.关于；有关关于；有关regarding sb.关于关于/至于某人至于某人regarding sth.就某事而就某事而论论regardless adv.不加理会；不加理会；不顾不顾regardless of 不管不管；不顾不顾【语境应用语境应用】完成句子。完成句子。1)She said nothing _ your request.她对你的要求只字不提。她对你的要求只字不提。2)I _ your suggestion _ worth considering.我觉得你的建议值得考虑。我觉得你的建议值得考虑。3)The law r
10、equires equal treatment for all,_ race,religion,or sex.法律规定人人平等，不分种族、宗教或性法律规定人人平等，不分种族、宗教或性别。别。regarding/in regard toregard asregardless of6.international students are beginning to appreciate Chinas culture and history 国际学生开始欣赏国际学生开始欣赏中国的中国的文文化和历史化和历史 appreciate vt.to understand how good or useful s
11、omeone or something is 欣赏欣赏；重视；重视；感激；感激；领会领会 vi.增值增值【归纳归纳】appreciateappreciate your help 感激你的帮助感激你的帮助I would appreciate it if如果如果，我将不胜感激，我将不胜感激 appreciate(ones)doing sth.感激（某人）做某事感激（某人）做某事【拓展拓展】appreciation n.感激感激【注意注意】(1)appreciate后面只能接后面只能接“事事”作宾语，作宾语，不不 能接能接“人人”作宾语。作宾语。(2)appreciate,hate,dislike,
12、love,depend,rely on等后接宾语从句时，一般先加等后接宾语从句时，一般先加it，再再加宾语加宾语从句。从句。【语境应用语境应用】翻译句子。翻译句子。1)You cant really appreciate foreign literature in translation._2)We didnt appreciate that he was seriously ill._看翻译作品不能真正欣赏到外国文学原著看翻译作品不能真正欣赏到外国文学原著的美妙之处。的美妙之处。我们没有意识到他的病情很严重。我们没有意识到他的病情很严重。3)Id appreciate it if you w
13、ould turn the radio down._ _如果你把收音机的音量调低一些，我会不如果你把收音机的音量调低一些，我会不胜感激。胜感激。7.Scanning is looking at the text quickly to find specific information速读是快速查速读是快速查看文本以查找特定的信息看文本以查找特定的信息 specific adj.a specific thing,person,or group is one particular thing,person,or group 特定特定的；明确的；具体的；明确的；具体的的eg Could you be
14、 more specific about what youre looking for?(翻译翻译)你你在找什么，能再说的具体些吗？在找什么，能再说的具体些吗？Education should not be limited to any one specific age group.(翻译翻译)教育教育不应该局限于任何一个特定的不应该局限于任何一个特定的年龄年龄段段。1.Over the years,the system developed into different forms,as it was a time when people were divided geographically
15、,leading to many varieties of dialects and characters.在随后的年代里，这一体系发展成不同的在随后的年代里，这一体系发展成不同的形式，这是由于当时中国人居住地域的分形式，这是由于当时中国人居住地域的分隔，从而导致不同方言和汉字变体的产生。隔，从而导致不同方言和汉字变体的产生。本句是一个主从复合句。本句是一个主从复合句。首先句子中包括一首先句子中包括一个由个由as引导的原因状语从句，从句中又包含引导的原因状语从句，从句中又包含了一个由了一个由when引导的定语从句；现在分词短引导的定语从句；现在分词短语语leading to作结果状语。作结果状
16、语。“It was a time when”意为意为“那段时那段时间间”，为固定句式。，为固定句式。在此固定句式中，在此固定句式中，a time是先行词，是先行词，when为关系副词，引导定为关系副词，引导定语从句，并在从句中做时间状语。有时也用语从句，并在从句中做时间状语。有时也用“There was a time when(曾经有一段时曾经有一段时间间)”。eg There was a time when he was very disappointed and wanted to leave here.(翻译翻译)他曾经有一段时间很失望，想离开这里。他曾经有一段时间很失望，想离开这里。2
17、.Even today,no matter where Chinese people live or what dialect they speak,they can all still communicate in writing.即使在今天，不论住在哪里，也不论说何即使在今天，不论住在哪里，也不论说何种方言，中国人都仍能通过书写种方言，中国人都仍能通过书写(文字文字)进进行交流。行交流。no matter(what/how/where/when/whether)是一个引导让步状语从句的是一个引导让步状语从句的连词结构，意为连词结构，意为“无论（什么、怎样、哪无论（什么、怎样、哪里、何时、是
18、否等）里、何时、是否等）”，可置于句首、，可置于句首、句中和句尾。句中和句尾。eg No matter how fast the rabbit ran,it could not escape the big grey wolf.(翻译翻译)无论这兔子跑多快，都无法逃过那大灰无论这兔子跑多快，都无法逃过那大灰 狼。狼。Any person,no matter who they are,must go through an identity check.(翻译翻译)任何人，无论是谁，都要接受身份检任何人，无论是谁，都要接受身份检 查。查。Ill leave anyway,no matter wha
19、t you say.(翻译翻译)不管你说什么，我都要离开。不管你说什么，我都要离开。3.As China plays a greater role in global affairs,an increasing number of international students are beginning to appreciate Chinas culture and history through this amazing language.随着随着中国在全球事物中扮演着更为重要的角中国在全球事物中扮演着更为重要的角色，越来越多的国际学习开始通过汉语这一色，越来越多的国际学习开始通过汉语这一
20、奇妙的语言了解和欣赏中国的文化和历史。奇妙的语言了解和欣赏中国的文化和历史。as意为意为“当当时，随着时，随着”，引导时间状语，引导时间状语从句时，从句中多用表示动作的动词，一般从句时，从句中多用表示动作的动词，一般不用不用be动词或表示心里活动状态的动词。动词或表示心里活动状态的动词。【归纳归纳】as的其他用法的其他用法1)as作作“因为，由于因为，由于”讲，引导原因状语从讲，引导原因状语从句。句。2)as作作“虽然，即使虽然，即使”讲，引导让步状语从讲，引导让步状语从句，从句用倒装结构。句，从句用倒装结构。3)as作作“按照按照”讲，引导方式状语从句。讲，引导方式状语从句。4)as作作“和
21、和一样一样”讲，用于讲，用于as/soas结构中，引导比较状语从句，从句常用省结构中，引导比较状语从句，从句常用省略形式。略形式。【运用运用】写出下列各句中写出下列各句中as的含义的含义1)The girl dances as she sings on the stage._2)Leave it as it is._3)Child as he was,he knew what the right thing to do._4)As we expected,he succeed in passing the exam._5)I dont speak English as well as he._
22、当当时；随着时；随着照照方式方式尽管，虽然尽管，虽然正如，如同正如，如同和和一样一样1.to have your main place of work,business etc in a particular place2.a specific thing,person,or group is one particular thing,person,or groupdespite specific ups and downs appreciate base majorLook at the words and phrases from the passage.Match them with t
23、heir meanings.basespecific3.to understand how good or useful someone or something is4.used to say that something happens or is true even though something else might have prevented it5.the mixture of good and bad things in life or in a particular situation or relationshipappreciatedespiteups and downsdespite specific ups and downs appreciate base major6.very large or important,when compared to other things or people of a similar kindmajordespite specific ups and downs appreciate base major
