1、外研八(上)教学课件Unit 3 Language in useLanguage practiceBeijing is a huge city.It takes an hour to get there by bus.Thats almost one fifth of the worlds population.That makes over 131.4 million births a year.Articles and Large Numbers冠词和大数字冠词和大数字 冠词有三种形式：不定冠词冠词有三种形式：不定冠词 a(n),定冠定冠 the和零冠词。和零冠词。一、不定冠词的用法。一、
2、不定冠词的用法。1.首次提到某人某人首次提到某人某人,不定冠词起介绍作用。不定冠词起介绍作用。例：例：Im preparing some notes for a report.我正在为一个报告准备笔记。我正在为一个报告准备笔记。2.表示表示“每一每一”的概念的概念,相当于相当于 every。例：例：I go to the cinema once a month.我一个月去看一次电影。我一个月去看一次电影。3.某些固定短语中某些固定短语中,要用不定冠词。要用不定冠词。例：例：have a good time,in a hurry,have a break二、定冠词的用法。二、定冠词的用法。1.指
3、前面提到过的人或物指前面提到过的人或物,或特指某人或某物。或特指某人或某物。例：例：I have a dog.The dog is brown.2.指谈话双方都知道的人或物。指谈话双方都知道的人或物。例：例：I had to write the same report last term!3.用于序数词以及形容词的最高级之前。用于序数词以及形容词的最高级之前。例：例：He went to the first floor.4.用于世界上独一无二的事物。用于世界上独一无二的事物。例：例：The sun is shining brightly.5.在江河、海洋、山脉等地理名词前及由普通名在江河、海洋
4、、山脉等地理名词前及由普通名词构成的专有名词前。词构成的专有名词前。例：例：the Great Wall of China6.用于表示方位名词前。用于表示方位名词前。例：例：Guangdong is in the south of China.7.用在弹奏乐器中。用在弹奏乐器中。例：例：The boy is playing the piano.8.在某些形容词前加定冠词在某些形容词前加定冠词,表示一类表示一类 人或物。人或物。例：例：The old are dancing on the playground.9.在姓氏复数形式之前在姓氏复数形式之前,表示表示“一家人一家人”或或“夫妇夫妇两人两
5、人”。例：例：The Browns are really a large family.10.用于某些固定短语中。用于某些固定短语中。例：例：by the way三、零冠词。三、零冠词。1.在球类活动、学科名称前在球类活动、学科名称前,以及节日、月份、星期以及节日、月份、星期前不用冠词。前不用冠词。例：例：1st June is Childrens Day.2.名词前已有指示代词、物主代词、不定冠词或数名词前已有指示代词、物主代词、不定冠词或数词等作定语的名词前不用冠词。词等作定语的名词前不用冠词。例：例：I have several questions to ask.3.在某些固定词组和习惯
6、用语中不用冠词。在某些固定词组和习惯用语中不用冠词。例：例：by bus at night in trouble注意：注意：有些名词前用冠词或不用冠词有些名词前用冠词或不用冠词,其其意义有所不同。如：意义有所不同。如：1)at table 在吃饭在吃饭 at the table 在桌子旁在桌子旁2)in class 在上课在上课 in the class 在班级中在班级中3)go to school 去上学去上学 go to the school 到那所学校去到那所学校去4)go to bed 上床睡觉上床睡觉 go to the bed 到床那边去到床那边去5)in front of 在在的
7、前面的前面 in the front of 在在的前部的前部1.表示一类人或事物中的表示一类人或事物中的“任何任何”一个一个,相当于相当于汉语中汉语中“一一”,但不用于强调数目的概念。但不用于强调数目的概念。2.指某人或某物指某人或某物,但不具体说明是何人或何物。但不具体说明是何人或何物。3.表示单位表示单位4.表示表示“一类一类”总结：不定冠词的用法总结：不定冠词的用法1.文章中第一次出现的可数名词前用文章中第一次出现的可数名词前用a(an)。下次再。下次再出现此名词时。出现此名词时。2.名词后有表示范围、地点的介词短语限定时。名词后有表示范围、地点的介词短语限定时。3.序数词前表示顺序时序
8、数词前表示顺序时4.形容词最高级前及形容词最高级前及only修饰的名词前。修饰的名词前。5.定冠词用于表示世界上独一无二的物体名词前。定冠词用于表示世界上独一无二的物体名词前。总结：定冠词的用法总结：定冠词的用法6.表示东、南、西、北方的名词前表示东、南、西、北方的名词前7.姓氏的复数形式前时姓氏的复数形式前时,表示一家人或一姓的夫妇二表示一家人或一姓的夫妇二人人8.the普通名词构成专有名词。普通名词构成专有名词。9.play乐器表示弹奏时乐器表示弹奏时,该乐器名词前加该乐器名词前加 the。10.the形容词（形容词名词化）表示一类人或事物形容词（形容词名词化）表示一类人或事物11.定冠词
9、定冠词the用在江河、海洋、山脉、用在江河、海洋、山脉、湖泊、群岛湖泊、群岛名称的前面名称的前面1.物质名词和抽象名词前一般不加冠词物质名词和抽象名词前一般不加冠词2.表示节日、月份的名词前一般不加表示节日、月份的名词前一般不加the3.表示一周中七日的名称前一般不加冠词表示一周中七日的名称前一般不加冠词4.学科前和国名、洲名前一般不加冠词学科前和国名、洲名前一般不加冠词5.在一些专有名词（地名、节假日）之前不加冠词在一些专有名词（地名、节假日）之前不加冠词总结：零冠词的用法总结：零冠词的用法6.表示某一概念表示某一概念,而不是某具体工作的部门时而不是某具体工作的部门时,名词前名词前不加冠词不
10、加冠词7.表示三餐的名词前不加冠词表示三餐的名词前不加冠词8.表示交通工具的手段时表示交通工具的手段时,用用by名词表示名词表示,该名词前该名词前不用冠词。不用冠词。9.动名词前一般不用冠词。动名词前一般不用冠词。10.球类、棋类、游戏名称前不加冠词。球类、棋类、游戏名称前不加冠词。11.名词前有物主代词、指示代词、不定代词、名词所名词前有物主代词、指示代词、不定代词、名词所有格或有格或any和和 no时时,均不再用冠词。均不再用冠词。12.表示时间或地点的一些介词名词的词组和一些固表示时间或地点的一些介词名词的词组和一些固定词组中定词组中,均不加冠词。均不加冠词。13.家庭成员的称呼、称呼语
11、或只一人担任的职务名词家庭成员的称呼、称呼语或只一人担任的职务名词前不用冠词。前不用冠词。数字表达法与读法数字表达法与读法1.大数字的表达法与读法大数字的表达法与读法billionmillionthousandcomma 逗号逗号十亿十亿百万百万千千1 ,000 ,000 ,000注意每三个数为一个单位注意每三个数为一个单位,按照百、十、个向下读。按照百、十、个向下读。6,500,431,729seven hundred and twenty-nine thousandmillionbillionsix billion,five hundred million,four hundred and
12、 thirty-one thousand,hundredFor example:1,234,567,891one billion,two hundred and thirty-four million,five hundred and sixty-seven thousand,eight hundred and ninety one2.分数的表达法分数的表达法分子基数词分子基数词 分母序数词分母序数词分子大于一分子大于一 分母加分母加S1/2one second2/5two fifths3/10three tenths1/100 one percent2/100 two percent3.小数
13、的读法小数的读法13.24pointthirteen point two four1.China2.the US3.Australia4.New Zealandd)1,370,537,000c)314,791,000 a)4,437,000b)22,956,0001.Work in pairs.Match the countries with their populations.2.Read your answers to Activity 1 to the whole class.China has a population of.Now listen and check.Learning
14、to learnWhen you see a table or a chart,look carefully at the labels and graphs to make sure that you understand what they are showing.Look at the chart below.What is it comparing?What can you conclude?3.Read the chart and answer the questions.1 Which city had the largest population in 2000?2 Whch c
15、itys population will increase the most from 2000 to 2025?3 Which city will have a larger increase in its population,New York or Mexico City？4 Which city/cities do you think will have the biggest population problem?Why?Tokyo.Mumbai.Mexico City.I think.will have the biggest population problem,because.
16、Mina is(1)_ eighteen-year-old girl.Shes got(2)_ brother and(3)_ sister.Mina is(4)_ oldest child in(5)_ family.She lives in(6)_ very big city.She has(7)_ job in(8)_ hotel.She hopes that one day she will have(9)_ chance to go to(10)_ college.antheaatheaaaa4.Complete the passage with a,an or the where
17、necessary.1.We believe the schools in Arnwick are very good,and were working to make them even _.2.Their flat is too large for two people.They want to find a _ one.3.Anna always talks about her ideas.I think she needs to listen _.4.There are a lot of parks in this city.I think there are _ parks in a
18、 lot of other cities.bettersmallerfew good much smallmorefewer5.Complete the sentences with the correct form of the words in the box.6.Complete the diagram showing population problems.Use the words in the box to help you.air city countryside hospital increase public service traffic waterProblems of
19、ArnwickPeople move from _People arrive in _Problems:Population _Environmental problemsExamples:_Health problemsExample:_Problems for the governmentExamples:_ the countryside the cityincreasesair pollutionwater pollution too much trafficrubbish(crowed flats)not enough hospitalsneed more schools and b
20、uses;need better public services;need more police to protect people Our world is facing many problems.Two of the biggest are the increasing population and pollution.The(1)_ of the world is increasing quickly.Why is this happening?Because more babies are born every year and people also live longer.po
21、pulationcountryside pollution population space traffic7.Complete the passage with the words in the box.Many people are leaving the(2)_ to work in the cities,but there is not enough(3)_ for so many people.Another huge problem for the world is(4)_.Theres so much(5)_ on the roads that in some cities th
22、e air is heavily polluted.We should work harder to protect our worldspace countryside pollutiontraffic 1.Growing population is a problem _.2.The population of China will grow more slowly _.3.The supermarket _ when a bigger one opened in the town.4.Usually _ an hour to get there by bus.5.The town had
23、 a lot of pollution in the past but its _ a problem _.all over the worldall over the world closed down in the future it takes not any more in the future closed down it takes not any more 8.Complete the sentences with the expressions in the box.9.Listen and choose the best summary.a)It is cheaper to
24、share a car than to have a personal car.b)People in a car club do not often take buses,trains or the underground.c)There are no car clubs in the US.d)Joining car clubs is good for you and for the city.10.Listen again and choose the correct answer.1 Joining a car club is cheaper/more expensive than h
25、aving a personal car.2 People in car clubs pay for/do not pay for a car when they drive.3 People in car clubs sometimes/never take a bus or ride a bike.4 People in car clubs probably are/are not healthier.11.Work in pairs and discuss this question.Do you think car clubs would be popular in China?Why
26、/Why not?I think/dont think car clubs would be popular in China,because.World population and water With more and more people in the world,more and more water is used.In fact,water use is growing more than twice as fast as the worlds population!As a result,getting good,clean water is becoming a probl
27、em in many places.A lot of water is polluted and in many areas people have to walk a long way to get clean water for daily use.More than 3.4 million people die each year from drinking and washing with polluted water.So lets do everything we can to stop the pollution and save water.12.Work in groups.
28、Prepare to make your graph.Choose a country or town which interests you.It could be your home town.Decide the points of time you want to look at-for example,now,ten years ago and ten years from now.Research the population of your place in those years.Write your notes carefully.13.Make your graph.Decide how you want to make your graph.Draw it and colour it.You can also make it on the computer.Label it clearly.14.Write a paragraph to describe your graph.15.Present your graph to the class.Review the important grammar learned in the unit.
