1、Unit3 Grammar and usage_V-ing动词的-ing形式的时态与语态形式（以do为例）主动形式主动形式人人 数数个个 数数一般式doingbeing done完成式having donehaving been done时态形式时态形式语态形式时态形式被动形式一般式I hate talking with such boastful people.The children surrounded the teacher,listening attentively to her story.Not knowing which line to take,she turned to m
2、e for help.同 时同 时前后前后动词的-ing 形式的一般式可表示与谓语动词同时发生的动作，也可表示发生在谓语动词之前或之后的动作。I dont remember ever meeting you somewhere.Exercises_(hear)the news,the poor little girl burst into tears.Most doctors strongly insist on people _(give up)smoking.Hearinggiving up完成式 I still remember having been taken to the sea
3、for the first time.后前Exercise:_(finish)the letter,he folded it and put it into the envelope.Having finished动词的-ing形式的完成式表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前被动式No one likes being laughed at.I am very pleased at your having been chosen a member of the school volleyball team.同 时后前当动词-ing形式的逻辑主语同时也是动词-ing形式表示的动作的承受者时，动词
4、的-ing 形式用被动形式。Exercises:I forgot once _(take)to the city zoo.being taken/having been takenShe is afraid of_(take)to the public.being taken动词的-ing形式的句法功能主语主语宾语宾语表语表语定语定语状语状语补足语补足语动名词现在分词时态形式时态形式功能V-ing分类作主语动名词做主语往往表示一种概念、习惯或经验。有时也用it作形式主语，而把动名词置于句尾。Working in these conditions is no a pleasure but a p
5、ain.It is no use crying over spilt milk.覆水难收It is a waste of time arguing with such a person.作宾语He tried to avoid answering my question.I sugest going swimming now.We are thinking of making a new plan for the next term.常用的动名词作宾语的（短语）动词有：admit承认 advise建议 look forward to期望 avoid避免 cannot help禁不住 sugge
6、st建议 consider考虑 delay推迟 enjoy喜欢 escape逃脱 finish完成give up放弃 image想象 include包括 keep继续；重复 keep on持续mind介意 miss错过 put off 推迟 permit允许 practise练习 risk冒险 resist抵抗allow允许 get down to开始做 insist on坚持 cant stand不能忍受 deny否认feel like想要 fancy喜欢，想要 burst out突然 involve包含；需要 ExercisesWe should prevent the river fro
7、m_(pollute)Peter is angry about not _(invite)to the party.I enjoy _(sit)close to the windows and _(look)at the view.My ambassadorial duties will include_(introduce)British visitors to the 120-plus pandas at Chengdu and others at a research centre in the misty mountains of Bifengxia.being pollutedbei
8、ng invitedsittinglookingintroducing作宾语补足语现在分词可以在see,hear,notice,watch,feel,smell,look at,listen to,observe,find等表示感官和心理状态的动词及动词have,get,leave,keep,set,send等后面作宾语补足语，和宾语一起构成复合宾语。When I was young,I preferred to watch trains pulling in and out.I suddenly felt myself being hit by a heavy fist.Dont have
9、the lights burning all the night.Dont keep the children working on their lessons all day.ExercisesWhen I came in,I saw Alice _(read)comicscomics2020.天津卷 The dancers incredible performance had the audience on its feet_(clap)for 10 minutes at the end of the show.He was just about to sit down,when me f
10、elt something _(move)near the devicedevice.On the bank of the river,we found him _(lie)on a bench,with his eyes _(fix)on a kite in the sky.I stood on the bridge and watched boats_(pass)by.They use computers to keep the traffic_(run)smoothly.reading clappingmovinglyingfixedpassingrunning作表语动名词作表语表示主语
11、的内容；现在分词作表语表示主语的某种性质和状态。Your task is cleaning the windows.Your speech is very interesting and encouraging.What I hate most is being laught at.What you said is really inspiring动名词=Cleaning the window is your task.现在分词动名词现在分词=Being laught at is what I hate most.注意：作表语的现在分词已经具备了形容词的特征注意：动名词作表语时，句子主语常表示
12、无生命的事物或what引导的名词性从句。作定语a walking stick=a stick for walking 拐杖a washing machine=a machine for washing 洗衣机a reading room=a room for reading 阅览室a measuring tape=a tape for measuring 卷尺，皮尺sleeping pills=pills for sleeping 安眠药He is a promising young man.他是一个有前途的年轻人。Have you got some interesting storybook
13、s for childrenHe spoke in a low voice in order not to wake the sleeping child.China is a fast developing country.Those wishing to join this club should sign here.动名词现在分词置于被修饰词前单个分词置于被修饰词前；分词短语后置说明被修饰词的用途说明被修饰词的性质或者状态；表主动、进行。Excercises There is a note pinned to the door_(say)when the goods will be de
14、livered.The flowers _(smell)sweet in the garden attract the visitors to enjoy the beauty of nature.There is a lot of evidence_(show)that staring at the mobile for a long time does harm to our eyes.2020.全国III卷Emoji can help communication feel friendlier,and even a serious note can be softened with an
15、 _(encourage)smile.The opera _(build)at present in our city is intended for the coming year.sayingbeing builtsmellingshowingencouragingAttention!重点：（1）过去分词、现在分词的被动式与动词不定式的被动式作定语的区别：过去分词作定语（done）表示被动作已完成现在分词的被动式作定语（being done）表示被动作正在进行动词不定式的被动式作定语（to be done）表示被动作将要完成The stadium built last year is th
16、e biggest one in our city.去年建造的体去年建造的体育场是我们是最大的一个育场是我们是最大的一个。The stadium being built now is the biggest one in our city.现在正在被建现在正在被建造的体育场是我们是最大的一个造的体育场是我们是最大的一个。The stadium to be built next year is the biggest one in our city.明年将要明年将要被建造的体育场是我们是最大的一个被建造的体育场是我们是最大的一个。(2)现在分词（短语）的完成式having done一般只做状语，
17、不作定语。作状语现在分词短语作状语，可以表示时间、原因、条件、让步、结果或伴随等。有时为了表示强调，分词前会加while,when,if,unless,once,though,even if,as if 等连词一起作状语。1）时间状语（相当于时间状语从句）When comparing different cultures,we often pay attention only to the differences.2)原因状语（相当于原因状语从句）Being ill,she didnt go to school as usual today.3)条件状语（相当于条件状语从句）Turning r
18、ight,you will find the circus you want.4)让步状语（相当于让步状语从句）)Though knowing all this,they made me pay for the damage.5)方式或伴随状语He sat at the table reading China Daily.Talking and laughing,the children walked one by one into the classroom.They came running all the way.6)结果状语)The mother died,leaving a lot
19、of money for her children.注意：（1）现在分词短语作结果状语表示自然的、顺理成章的结果；不定式短语作结果状语表示出乎意料的结果，且常与only搭配使用。Fifteen million trees had been blown by the high winds,blocking roads,paths and railway lines.I hurried to his house,only to find him not in.(2)现在分词否定式Not recovering from the operation,I couldnt keep pace with y
20、ou.Exercises:2020.新高考全国I卷 After high school,Jennifer attended a local technical colledge,_(work)to pay her tuition,because there was no extra money set aside for a college education.2020.新高考全国I卷She decided to go back to college to advance her carrier and to be able to better support her family while
21、_(do)something she loves:nursing.workingdoing 2020.全国I卷 One of his latest projects has been to make plants grow(发光)in experiments_(use)some common vegetables.2020.全国III卷 The speed of 6G will exceed 125GB/s,_(allow)for a new generation of virtual reality.2020.全国III卷 Theyll come rushing in,_(say)their
22、 handbags been stolen.usingallowingsaying基础知识自测I 单句语法填空（A）词汇专练1.2020.天津卷 He convinced the police department to allow him to set_a couple of”chat benches”in two of their local parks.2.2020.天津卷 Libraries will often hold reading-group sessions targeted to various age_(group).3.2020.天津卷 If a popular mag
23、azine you want isnt offered and the library keeps a list of such_(request),they may bring it in when enough interest is shown.4.2020.全国III卷 Stories like that are more common in parts of the world_multigenerational living is more firmly rooted.upgroupsrequestswhere5.2019.浙江卷 The students feel that th
24、ey belong_a particular group.(B)语法专练1.2020.全国I卷 All customers_(travel)on TransLink services must be in possession of a vilid ticket befofre boarding.2.2020.全国I卷 In fact,anyone _(wish)to try race walking should probably first consult a coach or experienced racer to learn proper technique,she says.3.2
25、020.全国I卷 According to most calculations,race walkers_(move)at a pace of six miles per houe would burn about 800 calories per hour,which is approximately twice as many as they would burn walking.totravellingwishingmoving4.2020.全国II卷 Messages with emojis feel more conversational,_(encourage)better and
26、 more frequent communication.5.2020.全国III卷 Now,I see my children _(take)their children to the library.6.2020.全国III卷 Official reports suggest that the number of households with three generations_(live)together had risen from 325,000 in 2001 to 419,000 in 2013.encouragingtakingliving2020.湖南长郡中学高一期中 Th
27、e Internet recently raised its eyebrows after Chinese state media claimed that online shopping,high-speed raid,bike sharing and electronic payment systems are Chinas“four new great inventions.”Xinhua News Agency Xinhua News Agency said the country deserved credit for the discoveries,1._(compare)them
28、 to the inventions of ancient China:compass,gunpowder,paper making,and printing.According to SCMP,the so-called”four new great inventions”were based 2._research conducted by the Skill Road Research Institute.In a survey,Chinas foreign students from 20 countries 3._(ask)to pich Chinas“four new great
29、inventions”that they wanted their home counries 4._(use).comparing onwere askedto useXinhuas article notes that“Among 5._four,online shopping was invented and pioneered by Michael Aldrich in teh U.K in 1979,while the Japanese 6._(operate)the modern high-speed rail in 1964.But it is Chinese people th
30、at bring the inventions to the worlds top level with 7._(they)intelligence and creativity.”Despite the origins,in recent years,a number of Chinas technological 8.（advance）have been making their moves in the worl.Among them,four stand out with a reputation of Chinas“four new great inventions”in modern times,9._have made the daily life of the public more 10._(convenience).theoperatedtheiradvanceswhichconvenient
