1、人教课标人教课标 高二高二 选修选修 8Unit 1Explanation 1.write the names of as many of the following as you can.as many people as the hall can seat There are as many as 300 new products on show.Explanation to get as much information as you can from the report as much as 300 dolars as much as 300 degrees as much as 3
2、0 days as many as 30 books/schools/medalsExplanation2.Compare your answers with other groups.Comparing the two cultures,you will find there are many distinctions.If you compare his work with hers,youll findhers is much better.要是把他俩的工作比较一下，就会发现她的好得多。要是把他俩的工作比较一下，就会发现她的好得多。Explanation Compared with/to
3、 him,Im just a beginner.和他相比，我只是一个初学者。和他相比，我只是一个初学者。The beauty of Niagara is beyond compare.尼亚加拉大瀑布的美丽是无可比拟的。尼亚加拉大瀑布的美丽是无可比拟的。There is no comparison between the two.两者之间没得比。两者之间没得比。3.They arrived in what we now know as California.They arrived in the place that we now know as California.They settled
4、in what is called Angel Valley now.This is what is known as the survival of the fittest.4.However,it is likely that Native Americans were living in California at least fifteen thousand years ago.但是美洲土著居民有可能至少一万五千年前但是美洲土著居民有可能至少一万五千年前就在加利福尼亚居住了。就在加利福尼亚居住了。1)sb./sth.is likely to do sth.某人某人/某物有可能做某事某物
5、有可能做某事 It is likely/probable/possible that.有可能有可能 It is possible for sb.to do sth.某人有可能做某人有可能做.Is he likely to win?他有可能获胜吗？他有可能获胜吗？Its possible,though not probable,that he will come tomorrow.他明天可能来他明天可能来,但也不一定准来。但也不一定准来。注意注意likely不能用作补足语。不能用作补足语。I find it likely to finish the task ahead of time.（wro
6、ng)应改成应改成I find it possible to finish the task aheadof time.5.California is the third largest state in the USA but has the largest population.population(1)对人口提问用对人口提问用 what,不用不用 how many,how much。Whats the population of the city?这个城市有多少人口？这个城市有多少人口？(2)population 作主语时用单数，但前有作主语时用单数，但前有分数，小数，百分数时，谓语动词
7、用分数，小数，百分数时，谓语动词用复数。复数。The population of China is larger than that of America.中国人口比美国人口多。中国人口比美国人口多。80%of the population are farmers.百分之百分之80的人口是农民。的人口是农民。(3)人口的增加或减少用人口的增加或减少用 grow(increase)和和 fall(decrease);人口的多少用人口的多少用 large和和 small。The population of China _ large.And 70%of the population of Chin
8、a _ peasants.isarea.本句的主句是本句的主句是 Scientists believe，从，从句是句是 that 引导的宾语从句。引导的宾语从句。b.宾语从句中宾语从句中 which 引导定语从句，修引导定语从句，修饰先行词饰先行词 _。6.Scientists believe that these settlers crossed the Bering Strait in the Arctic to America by means of a land bridge which existed in prehistoric times.land bridgemeans n.方
9、式方式,手段手段(单复数相同单复数相同)。The quickest means of travel is by plane.Every possible means has been tried,but none has worked.Are there any possible means of getting there?Some means are practical while others are not.联想记忆联想记忆：1)by no means 决不，一点也不决不，一点也不 She is by no means poor;in fact,she is very rich.2)b
10、y this means(in this way);用这种方式用这种方式 by means of(doing)sth 用用方式方式 He succeeded by means of hard work.3)by all means 当然可以当然可以,没问题没问题 -Can I see it?-By all means.考例考例1 Can I come and have a look at your new house?Yes,_!A.with pleasure B.I like itC.I quite agree D.by all means点拨点拨 选选 D。答语意为：好的，当然可以。答语意
11、为：好的，当然可以。with pleasure 乐意帮忙；乐意帮忙；I like it 我喜欢；我喜欢；I quite agree 我非常同意；我非常同意；by all means 当当然可以。然可以。D考例考例2 Do you think their table tennis team will win the first place at the coming Asian Games?_.Ours is much stronger than theirs.A.Of course B.It dependsC.Dont mention itD.By no means D点拨点拨 选选 D。句意
12、为：。句意为：“你认为他们你认为他们的乒乓球队会在即将到来的亚运会上的乒乓球队会在即将到来的亚运会上夺得第一名吗？夺得第一名吗？”“”“绝对不会的。我绝对不会的。我们队比他们强得多。们队比他们强得多。”其余三项：其余三项：of course 当然，当然，it depends 看情况，看情况，dont mention it 别客气，均不符合语别客气，均不符合语境。境。7.Spanish soldiers first arrived in South America in the early 16th century when they fought against the native peop
13、le and took their land.16世纪早期世纪早期,西班牙士兵到达南美洲西班牙士兵到达南美洲,这这时同土著人作斗争并占领这片土地。时同土著人作斗争并占领这片土地。fight for 为事业为事业,自由自由,真理真理,权利等而斗争权利等而斗争(战斗战斗)fight for,fight against&fight with They are fighting for freedom.他们正为自由而他们正为自由而战。战。fight against(可用可用with)the enemy“为反对为反对而斗争而斗争”；接人和国家名词，；接人和国家名词，意思是意思是“与与战斗战斗”fight
14、 with sb.也可表示与某人并肩作战也可表示与某人并肩作战fight a war/battle 打一场战争打一场战争8.Some died or returned home,but most remained in California to make a life for themselves despite great hardship.make a life 开始新的生活开始新的生活They go to big cities to make a life.关于关于 life 的短语：的短语：earn/make/get a living 谋生谋生lead/live a.life 过着过
15、着.的生活的生活9.It is believed that before long the mix of nationalities will be so great that there will be no distinct major racial or cultural groups,分析分析 a.it is believed that.表示表示“人们认人们认为为”，其中，其中 it 是形式主语，真正的是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的主语是后面的 that 从句。从句。b.so.that.如此如此以至于以至于，其中，其中 that 引导结果状语从句。引导结果状语从句。mix vt./vi
16、.混合、掺和混合、掺和(combine so that they cant be separated)mix A with B 1)He mixed red paint with yellow paint to make orange paint.2)It is better to mix work with pleasure.3)Oil doesnt mix with water.油和水不相交融。油和水不相交融。联想记忆：联想记忆：mixture 混合物混合物 mixed 混合的混合的,复杂的复杂的,男女混合的男女混合的 The city is a mixture of ancient an
17、d modern buildings.Hearing the news,I had mixed feelings.A mixed society includes people of different classes,tastes,etc.1)He is famous for _ Chinese traditional music _ western performance forms and instruments.2)Miss Xu _ my results with someone elses.mixing withmixed up nationality 国籍国籍,民族民族 1)Wh
18、at is your nationality?Im Chinese.2)to take American nationality 加入美国国籍加入美国国籍10.,which today still keeps up their Danish culture.阅读下列句子，观察阅读下列句子，观察keep up在句中的在句中的意思。意思。.Today the people in the village still keep up their original culture.The snowstorm kept up for five days.沿袭（风俗、传统等）沿袭（风俗、传统等）保持，持续保
19、持，持续.Those houses are so strongly built that they would keep up even in a violent earthquake.I see youre getting along well with your English studies.Splendid!You must keep up the good work.坚持，维持坚持，维持坚持，维持坚持，维持keep up with 跟上，不落在跟上，不落在后后面；了解；保持联系面；了解；保持联系keep off 挡住；（使）避开挡住；（使）避开 keep on 继续（干）；坚持（干）
20、继续（干）；坚持（干）1.They could not keep up with us when we climbed the mountain.2.She held an old piece of cloth over them both to keep the rain off.3.You just have to keep on trying.选用以上短语的适当形式填空。选用以上短语的适当形式填空。1.In some parks,visitors are requested to _ the grass.2.Lets hope the sunny weather _ for Saturd
21、ays tennis match.keep offkeeps up 11.Some died or returned home,but most remained in California to make a life for themselves despite great hardship.1)remain的用法的用法:remain用作不及物动词用作不及物动词,意为意为“剩下、剩下、留下、呆在留下、呆在”,相当于相当于stay。如如:When the others had gone,Joan remained(=stayed)to clean the room.别人走了别人走了,琼留下来
22、清扫房间。琼留下来清扫房间。stay通常指在某地呆一段时间而不离开通常指在某地呆一段时间而不离开,过暂时住在某地过暂时住在某地,尤指宾客逗留尤指宾客逗留,而而remain指别人已经走了指别人已经走了,而某人仍在原地。而某人仍在原地。He stayed at the hotel for three days.Only a few leaves remained(=were still)on the tree.树上只剩下几片叶子了。树上只剩下几片叶子了。The Smiths remained there all through the year.史密斯一家人在那里呆了整整一年。史密斯一家人在那里呆
23、了整整一年。The soldiers were ordered to remain where they were.士兵们接到命令呆在原地。士兵们接到命令呆在原地。注意注意:“呆在那里呆在那里”可以说可以说remain/stay there,但但“呆在家里呆在家里”只能说只能说stay(at)home.remain作连系动词作连系动词,意为意为“一直保持一直保持,仍然处于某种状态中仍然处于某种状态中”,后可后可接多种成分作表语。接多种成分作表语。1)接名词作表语接名词作表语 Peter became a manager but John remained a worker.彼得当上了经理彼得当
24、上了经理,但约翰仍然是一个工但约翰仍然是一个工人。人。Their marriage remains a secret.他们的婚姻仍然是个秘密。他们的婚姻仍然是个秘密。2)接形容词作表语接形容词作表语 Whatever great progress you have made,you should remain modest.无论你取得了多么大的进步无论你取得了多么大的进步,你都应一你都应一直保持谦虚。直保持谦虚。The shop remains open until 11 at night.这个商店一直营业到晚上十一点。这个商店一直营业到晚上十一点。3)接过去分词作表语接过去分词作表语,表示主
25、语所处的状表示主语所处的状态或已经发生的被动动作。如态或已经发生的被动动作。如:They never remained satisfied with their successes.他们从不满足于自己的成绩。他们从不满足于自己的成绩。(表主语所处的状态表主语所处的状态)They remained locked in the room.他们仍然被锁在房子里。他们仍然被锁在房子里。(已经发生的被动动作已经发生的被动动作)4)接现在分词作表语接现在分词作表语,表示正在进行的主表示正在进行的主动动作。如动动作。如:The guests came in,but she remained sitting
26、at the desk reading.客人进来了客人进来了,但她仍然坐在桌旁看书。但她仍然坐在桌旁看书。(正在进行的主动动作正在进行的主动动作)They remained listening.他们一直在听。他们一直在听。5)接不定式作表语接不定式作表语,表示将来的动作。如表示将来的动作。如:This remains to be proved.这有待证实。这有待证实。(将来被动动作将来被动动作)Whether it will do us good remains to be seen.这是否对我们有好处这是否对我们有好处,还要看一看。还要看一看。6)接介词短语作表语接介词短语作表语 I hav
27、e remained in touch with the Greens for more than 10 years.我和格林一家保持了十多年的联系。我和格林一家保持了十多年的联系。He had to remain in hospital until he was better.他不得不住院他不得不住院,直到身体好转。直到身体好转。注意注意:remain 作名词时作名词时,表示表示“剩余物剩余物”,一般用其复数形式。如一般用其复数形式。如:The remains of a meal can be given to a pig.残汤剩饭可以喂猪。残汤剩饭可以喂猪。They found some
28、remains of the Tang Dynasty.他们发现一些唐代遗物。他们发现一些唐代遗物。remaining 是形容词是形容词,意为意为“剩余的剩余的”,常作前置定语常作前置定语;而而left则只能作后置定语。则只能作后置定语。如如:There are only 5 books left.只剩下五本书了。只剩下五本书了。He bought me a gift with the remaining money.他用剩余的钱给我买了一件礼物。他用剩余的钱给我买了一件礼物。12.By the time California elected to become the thirty-firs
29、t federal state of the USA in 1850,it was already a multicultural society.到到1850年加利福尼亚成为美国的第年加利福尼亚成为美国的第31个个州为止，她已经成为一个多元文化的社州为止，她已经成为一个多元文化的社会。会。“by the time+从句从句”作时间状语，作时间状语，若从句用一般过去时若从句用一般过去时,主句常用过去完成主句常用过去完成时时;若从句用一般现在时若从句用一般现在时,主句就用将来主句就用将来完成时。完成时。By the time he was fourteen years old,he had le
30、arnt maths all by himself.13.it was the building of the railway from the west to the east coast that brought even larger numbers to California in the 1860.,但是更大批量的移民却是在但是更大批量的移民却是在19世纪世纪60年代为了修建贯穿美国东部海岸的铁路而年代为了修建贯穿美国东部海岸的铁路而来到加利福尼亚的。来到加利福尼亚的。本句用了强调句本句用了强调句It is(was)被强调部分被强调部分+that(who)+句子其他部分。句子其他部分
31、。此结构强调的成分仅限于主语此结构强调的成分仅限于主语,宾语和宾语和状语。状语。原句：原句：My father did the experiment in the lab yesterday evening.强调主语：强调主语：It was my father who did the experiment in the lab yesterday evening.强调宾语：强调宾语：It was the experiment that my father did in the lab yesterday evening.The teacher did the experiment in the
32、 lab on Saturday.It was in the lab that the teacher did theexperiment on Saturday.It was the lab where the teacher did theexperiment on Saturday.强调地点状语强调地点状语The teacher did the experiment in the lab on Saturday.It was on Saturday that the teacher did theExperiment in the lab.It was Saturday when the
33、 teacher did theexperiment in the lab.强调时间状语强调时间状语The teacher did the experiment in the lab yesterday.It was yesterday when the teacher did theexperiment in the lab.It was yesterday that the teacher did theexperiment in the lab.(wrong)1)It was last night _ I saw the comet.A.the time B.when C.that D.
34、which强调句的结构是强调句的结构是:It+be+强调部分强调部分+that(who)+主谓句。强调句的连主谓句。强调句的连词只有两个，词只有两个，that 和和 who。当强调。当强调的部分是人，且为句子的主语时，的部分是人，且为句子的主语时，才用才用“who”，其余用，其余用 that。2)It is ten years _ Miss Green returned to Canada.A.that B.when C.since D.as 考点是连词用法。本题易误选为考点是连词用法。本题易误选为A.其实本其实本句不是强调句。若是句不是强调句。若是,去掉去掉It be that还应是还应是一
35、个完整的句子。而本句去掉一个完整的句子。而本句去掉“It isthat”,只剩下只剩下ten years Miss Green returned to Canada.不成句。因此本句不是强调句。不成句。因此本句不是强调句。14.It has blue and white signs with seagulls on them.He likes to sleep with the window open.With结构作状语，形容词结构作状语，形容词open作补足语。作补足语。With her son away from home,the woman was much worried.He cam
36、e in with a book in his hand.With a local guide leading the way,we got there easily.With the problem settled,we all felt relieved.With much work to do,I cant go to the party with you.With much work to be done,there is an atmosphere of tense in the office.1.Exactly when the first people arrived in wh
37、at we now know as California,no one really knows.分析分析 a.本句是一个主从复合句本句是一个主从复合句,也是个倒装句。也是个倒装句。b.主句是主句是 _,从句是从句是when引导的宾语从句。引导的宾语从句。c.在宾语从句中在宾语从句中,what引导的从句作介引导的从句作介 词词 in 的宾语。的宾语。no one really knows考点考点 exactly 精确地，恰好，完全。可构成精确地，恰好，完全。可构成 not exactly，表示，表示“一点也不，不完全是一点也不，不完全是”。考例考例 So you gave her your p
38、hone?_,she said shed return it to me when she could afford her own.（2011大纲全国卷）大纲全国卷）A.My pleasure B.Not exactlyC.No doubt D.All right 点拨点拨 选选 B。答语意为：也不完全是，她说。答语意为：也不完全是，她说等她能买上自己的手机时就会把它还等她能买上自己的手机时就会把它还给我。给我。my pleasure 不客气；不客气；no doubt 毫无疑问；毫无疑问；all right 好的。好的。2.However,it is likely that Native A
39、mericans were living in California at least fifteen thousand years ago.考点考点 此句中的此句中的 it 是形式主语是形式主语,真正真正的主语是后面的的主语是后面的 that 从句。另外从句。另外,what,how,where,who 等也常用作等也常用作 主语从句的引导词。主语从句的引导词。考例考例1 _ is our belief that improvements in health care will lead to a stronger,more prosperous economy.A.As B.That C.T
40、his D.It 点拨点拨 it 是形式主语，是形式主语，that 引导的从句为引导的从句为主语从句，作真正的主语。主语从句，作真正的主语。考例考例2 _ he referred to in his article was unknown to the general reader.A.That B.WhatC.Whether D.Where 点拨点拨 分析句子结构可知，谓语动词分析句子结构可知，谓语动词 was前是主语从句，主语从句中的谓前是主语从句，主语从句中的谓语动词语动词referred to 后缺宾语，故用后缺宾语，故用 what 引导。引导。3.That is why today
41、over 40%of Californians speak Spanish as a first or second language.考点考点 why 在此引导表语从句。表语从句也可在此引导表语从句。表语从句也可由由 what,where,when 等引导。等引导。考例考例 The traditional view is _ we sleep because our brain is“programmed”to make us do so.A.when B.why C.whether D.that 点拨点拨 is 后为表语从句，分析表语从后为表语从句，分析表语从句的句子结构，不缺任何成分，故
42、用句的句子结构，不缺任何成分，故用 that 引导。引导。that 在表语从句中只起连在表语从句中只起连接作用。接作用。4.Although Chinese immigrants began to arrive during the Gold Rush Period,it was the building of the rail network from the west to the east coast that brought even larger numbers to California in the 1860s.虽然中国移民在淘金热时期就开始到虽然中国移民在淘金热时期就开始到来了
43、来了,但是更大批量的中国移民却是在但是更大批量的中国移民却是在19世纪世纪60年代为修建贯穿美国东西海年代为修建贯穿美国东西海岸的铁路而来的。岸的铁路而来的。1)It was last night _ I saw the comet.A.the time B.when C.that D.which强调句的结构是强调句的结构是:It+be+强调部分强调部分+that(who)+主谓句。强调句的连主谓句。强调句的连词只有两个，词只有两个，that 和和 who。当强调。当强调的部分是人，且为句子的主语时，的部分是人，且为句子的主语时，才用才用“who”，其余用，其余用 that。2)It is t
44、en years _ Miss Green returned to Canada.A.that B.when C.since D.as考点是连词用法。本题易误选为考点是连词用法。本题易误选为A。其实本句不是强调句。若是其实本句不是强调句。若是,去掉去掉 It be that还应是一个完整的句子。而还应是一个完整的句子。而本句去掉本句去掉“It isthat”,只剩下只剩下ten years Miss Green returned to Canada.不成句。因此本句不是强调句。不成句。因此本句不是强调句。5.In more recent decades,California has becom
45、e home to more people from Asia,including Koreans,Cambodians,Vietnamese and Laotians.最近几十年最近几十年,加利福尼亚成了更多亚洲加利福尼亚成了更多亚洲人的家人的家,其中包括韩国人、柬埔寨人、其中包括韩国人、柬埔寨人、越南人和老挝人。越南人和老挝人。这是一个简单句。句中有这是一个简单句。句中有 in the past few years,in recent years 等时间状语等时间状语时时,句子的谓语动词通常用现在完成句子的谓语动词通常用现在完成时，如时，如:In the past ten years,gr
46、eat changes have taken place in my hometown.另外另外,including 是介词是介词,意为意为“包括包括(于于之中之中)”。1.What n_ are you?I am Chinese.2.Only a few of them thought highly of the plan.The _(大多数大多数)were against it.3.The Taiwan _(海峡海峡)separates Taiwan Island from the mainland.I.根据下列各句句意及所给单词的首字母根据下列各句句意及所给单词的首字母或汉语提示或汉语提
47、示,写出各单词的正确形式。写出各单词的正确形式。nationality majorityStrait4._(移民移民)in the 1980s was very high.5.Radio and television are important m_ of communication.6.The unemployment _(百百分比分比)keeps rising.7.R_(种族的种族的)conflicts still exist in many countries.Immigrationmeans percentageRacialII.根据句意根据句意,选择适当的词填空。选择适当的词填空。1
48、.Spanish;Spain a.He chose Germany,but personally Id prefer to go to _.b.Apart from English,we study Russian and _.SpainSpanish2.Mexico;Mexicana.Many _ regard the United States as a land of milk and honey.b.In _ they were able to live high on a moderate income.MexicansMexico 3.Danish;Denmark a.He was
49、 born in _,but he became a British citizen at the age of 30.b.The body of law was established by the _ invaders and settlers in northeastern England in the ninth and tenth centuries.DenmarkDanish4.Korean;Korea a.The capital and the largest city of North _ is in the southwest central part of the coun
50、try.b.Were going to have a history course glancing at the _ conflict.KoreaKorean5.Pakistan;Pakistania._ speak their own language,not English.b.He is on the way to _ via the Silk Route.PakistanisPakistan1.He crossed the river _ a raft.2.She hopes to _ from writing childrens books.III.用所给词组的适当形式填空。用所给
