1、国际商务洽谈口语教程Unit 7 Paking and ShipmentOverviewIn this unitoWhats packingoWhats shipping and deliveryoNegotiating packing and shipment clauses in sales contract(before closing the deal)oWhat to do before delivery of goods(execution of the contract)oWhatre commodity inspection&Customs InspectionWhy pack
2、ing?oPacking for sales(small packing or inner packing)-used to protect and prettify commodities-provide information about the commodity,such as quantity,weight,origin and usageWhy packing?Packing for transportation(outer packing)oused to protect the goods from being damaged oalso called big packing
3、or outer packingoIt is important for protection during shipment from one country to anotherNature of international shipping:oTo stand long transportation of the ocean and rough handling of cagoes-outer packingomust be solid,durable,adaptable to changing climates.Packing MaterialsoCases:wooden cases,
4、carton,plastic casesoDrums or casks:wooden casks,iron drums,barrels,.oBags:paper bags,gunny sacks(蔴布袋）,plastic bags.ocrates(柳条箱）and baskets（蓝子）obundlesPacking MaterialsContainers:oFor convenient transportation,unit goods are assembled into large containers,This is called assemblage.oStandard contain
5、er unit:TEU(twenty-foot Equivalent Unit)oIt has a capacity of 31-35 cubic meters.Shipping Instructions Given by the buyer before shipment:oPacking requirementsoShipping marks,(唛头）e.g.“Keep away from Moisture”“Handle with Care”“This Side Up”“Explosives”oMeans of transportationTime of DeliveryoGiving
6、a definite time for shipmente.g.shipment at or before the end of Juneor Shipment should be made during January oStated in connection with L/Ce.g.The L/C must reach the seller not later than July 15th,and shipment be made within 30 days after receipt of L/CPlace of Delivery,Place of Loading and Place
7、 of DestinationoUnder CIF and CFR,the parties will be required to state their loading port and the port of destination.oUnder F terms(FOB,FAS,and FCA),though the seller fulfills his delivery when he has placed the goods at the loading port,the parties ussually stipulate the port of destination in th
8、e contract.Means of TransportationMarine(Sea)Transport:about 98%of world trade is conducted by marine transportoLiners（cargo liners)定期货船定期货船-liners operates on a scheduled service between a group of ports-Freight of liners are normally calculated by weight ton(W/T)or by measurement ton(M/T)oTramps:(
9、tramp steamers)不定期货船不定期货船-A tramp does not sail on a fixed route and a fixed schedule.Means of TransportationoAir Transport:-Fast but expensive-Only used for urgent and light weight casesoLand transport:-by railway,container truck-for inland transportation.Handling special requestsoTransshipment-whe
10、n direct vessels are unavailable,esp.for small ports -added costs or expenses-increased risks of damageHandling special requestsoPartial shipment-For a large order-When shipping space is not enough-Increased risks-InconvenienceThings to do before delivery of goods(1/2)o(The buyer)send shipping instr
11、uctions to shipping agent or carrieroSelect a shipping line and a vessel oBook shipping space or charteringoSign the contract of carriageoFill out shipping note and send it to a shipping companyoFill out customs formsThings to do before delivery of goods(2/2)oArrange adequate packing,including shipp
12、ing marksoGet the bill of lading from the shipping companyoPay the freight billoArrange shipment(After loading of the goods)Send the shipping documents and Shipping AdviceShipping Advice船运通知船运通知oThe seller shall advice the buyer by fax immediately after loading of goodsoInformation on the shipping a
13、dvice:Contract No,commodity,quantity,invoice value,gross weight and name of the vessel.oSo the buyer will prepare the payment and be ready to receive the goodsShipping Documents：Bill of Lading,plus moreoIssued by the shipping companyoSome important functions of B/L:a)To testify goods have been recei
14、ved from the consignor(发货人）b)With B/L,the seller can come to the bank for negotiationc)The holder of B/L can get the goods at the port of destination from the carrierd)serves as the evidence of the contract of carriage between consignor and the carriersoconstitute the chief shipping documents togeth
15、er with-insurance policy-commercial invoice-packing list-certificate of QualityShipping Documents：Packing ListoProvide information about the commodity,specification,quantity,weight,etcoNecessary for customs inspectionoNecessary for the import to check upon arrivalShipping Documents:Commercial Invoic
16、eoGiven to the importer by the exporteroServed as a proof of the saleoTo be checked by the buyer upon arrival of the goodsoUsed for shipping,commodities inspection and customs declarationoUsed for Negotiating the payment(Whats Pro Forma Invoice)Shipping Documents:Certificate of Quality/Origin,.oImpo
17、rtant documents for checking the goods,being inspected at customs and claiming for damages and losses,etcoCertificate of quality:served as a proof that the quality is up to standardsoCertificate of Origin:import administration like different tariff,import quotaImport and Export Cargo Declaration(For
18、m)oMade at port of entryoAuthorized Firm with Import and Export LicenseoThe data must be based on all the shipping dicumentsoUsed for the levy of duty,and statisticsCommodity Inspection 商检oAn indispensable link in the chain of smooth handling of foreign trade transactions.oExecuted by a third party
19、known as surveyor to check if the goods are delivered in conformity with the sales contract.oInspection of a commoditys quality,weight,quantity,safety,sanitation,etc.oCommodity inspection certificated are issued.oServe to ascertain where the trouble lies and who is to blame.Inspection&Quarantine Aut
20、horities in China 商品检验与检疫商品检验与检疫oState Administration for Entry_exit Inspection and Quarantine(SAIQ)oResponsibilities include commodity health inspection,animal&plant quarantine,etc.oQuarantine:a period of time during which a vehicle,person,or material suspected of carrying a contagious disease is d
21、etained at a port of entry under enforced isolation to prevent disease from entering a country.Commodity Insepction CertificatesoSurveyors:SAIQ in China,Food and Drugs Administration in the USA,and Lloyds Surveyor in UK.oCommonly issued certificates in ChinaoInspection Certificate of Quality ISO 900
22、X standards for quality management systems ISO 14000 Environmental management systemsoInspection Certificate of WeightoInsepction Certificate of QuantityoVeterinary Inspection CertificateoSanitary Certificate CertificateoInspection Certificate of HealthoInspection Certificate on Damaged cargoCustoms
23、 Inspection for Imports and ExportsoAll goods are subject to customs inspection when crossing a countrys border.oDocuments needed for Inspection include:customs declaration form,import and export permits,sales contract,invoice,packing list,weight memo,commodity inspection certificates,etc.oThe goods
24、 will be tariffed,checked and examined with satisfication.o Every country has set up cutoms at ports of entry,cross border control stations etc.Customs DutiesoAlmost all countries practise a policy of protective tariff.(also refer to trade barriers)oGoods are divided into different catogories oDifferent rated of customs duties are applied to different categoriesoLow duties range from 5%to 20%oThe duties on luxuries might range form 120%to 200%
